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Optimal transcorneal electrical stimulation parameters for preserving photoreceptors in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2543-2552页

作者： Sam Enayati Karen Chang Anton Lennikov Menglu Yang Cherin Lee Ajay Ashok Farris Elzaridi Christina Yen Kasim Gunes Jia Xie Kin-Sang Cho Tor Paaske Utheim Dong Feng Chen Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Institute of clinical medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway Department of Medical Biochemistry Oslo University HospitalUniversity of OsloOsloNorway Department of Ophthalmology Drammen HospitalVestre Viken Hospital TrustDrammenNorway Department of Histology and Embryology School of MedicineMarmara UniversityIstanbulTurkiye

Retinitis pigmentosa is a hereditary retinal disease that affects rod and cone photoreceptors,leading to progressive photoreceptor loss.Previous research supports the beneficial effect of electrical stimulation on photoreceptor survival.This study aims to identify the most effective electrical stimulation parameters and functional advantages of transcorneal electrical stimulation(tcES)in mice affected by inherited retinal degeneration.Additionally,the study seeked to analyze the electric field that reaches the retina in both eyes in mice and post-mortem humans.In this study,we recorded waveforms and voltages directed to the retina during transcorneal electrical stimulation in C57BL/6J mice using an intraocular needle probe with rectangular,sine,and ramp waveforms.To investigate the functional effects of electrical stimulation on photoreceptors,we used human retinal explant cultures and rhodopsin knockout(Rho^(-/-))mice,demonstrating progressive photoreceptor degeneration with age.Human retinal explants isolated from the donors’eyes were then subjected to electrical stimulation and cultured for 48 hours to simulate the neurodegenerative environment in vitro.Photoreceptor density was evaluated by rhodopsin immunolabeling.In vivo Rho^(-/-)mice were subjected to two 5-day series of daily transcorneal electrical stimulation using rectangular and ramp waveforms.Retinal function and visual perception of mice were evaluated by electroretinography and optomotor response(OMR),respectively.Immunolabeling was used to assess the morphological and biochemical changes of the photoreceptor and bipolar cells in mouse retinas.Oscilloscope recordings indicated effective delivery of rectangular,sine,and ramp waveforms to the retina by transcorneal electrical stimulation,of which the ramp waveform required the lowest voltage.Evaluation of the total conductive resistance of the post-mortem human compared to the mouse eyes indicated higher cornea-to-retina resistance in human eyes.The temperature recordings during and after electrical

关键词： bipolar cells electrical stimulation neuroprotection photoreceptor degeneration retina retinal explants retinitis pigmentosa transcorneal electrical stimulation waveform

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Digital twin for Industrial Internet

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Fundamental Research 2024年第1期4卷 21-24页

作者： Yushuai Li Yan Zhang Department of Informatics university of oslo Oslo 0316Norway

Industrial Internet upgrades the traditional industrial manufacturing to digitization,networking and intellectualization era,which calls for brand-new technology supports.As a promising solution,the emergence Digital Twin(DT)offers enhanced digital mapping capability with strong feasibility,security,economic and intelligence,which fits well with the concept of Industrial Internet.In this paper,we focus on establishing a new reference architecture of DT to support the development of Industrial Internet.It is composed of three interdependent layers(i.e.,physical layer,DT layer and DT networks layer)and four critical attributes(i.e.,privacy,security,awareness and real-time).We illustrate our perspectives for the functionality and relationship of the three layers,and features and feasible solutions of the four attributes.With those efforts,the proposed DT architecture can provide both smart manufacturing and networked services for Industrial Internet era.Moreover,we also illustrate the relevant and open challenges.Finally,the conclusion and future perspective are pointed out.

关键词： Digital twin Industrial Internet Industry 4.0 Made in China 2025 Networked services

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Well-Posedness of Stochastic Continuity Equations on Riemannian Manifolds

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2024年第1期45卷 81-122页

作者： Luca GALIMBERTI Kenneth H.KARLSEN Department of Mathematical Sciences NTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyN-7491 TrondheimNorway Department of mathematics University of OsloP.O.Box 1053BlindernN-0316 OsloNorway

The authors analyze continuity equations with Stratonovich stochasticity,■ρ+divh[ρo(u(t,x)+∑_(i=1)^(N)a_(i)(x)w_(i)(t))]=0defined on a smooth closed Riemannian manifold M with metric h.The velocity field u is perturbed by Gaussian noise terms Wi(t),:WN(t)driven by smooth spatially dependent vector fields a1(x),...,aN(x)on M.The velocity u belongs to L_(t)^(1)W_(x)^(1,2)with divh u bounded in Lf,for p>d+2,where d is the dimension of M(they do not assume div_(h) u∈L_(t,x)^(∞)).For carefully chosen noise vector fields ai(and the number N of them),they show that the initial-value problem is well-posed in the class of weak L^(2) solutions,although the problem can be ill-posed in the deterministic case because of concentration effects.The proof of this“regularization by noise”result is based on a L^(2) estimate,which is obtained by a duality method,and a weak compactness argument.

关键词： Stochastic continuity equation Riemannian manifold Hyperbolic equa-tion Non-smooth velocity field Weak solution Existence Uniqueness

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Predicting moisture condensation risk on the radiant cooling floor of an office using integration of a genetic algorithm-back-propagation neural network with sensitivity analysis

Energy and Built Environment

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Energy and Built Environment 2024年第1期5卷 110-129页

作者： Meng Su Jiying Liu Moon Keun Kim Xiaozhou Wu School of Thermal Engineering Shandong Jianzhu UniversityJinan 250101China Department of Civil Engineering and Energy Technology Oslo Metropolitan UniversityOslo N-0130Norway School of Civil Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalianChina

Pre-dehumidification time(τ_(pre))and pre-dehumidification energy consumption(E_(pre))play important roles in preventing the condensation of moisture on the floors of rooms that use a radiant floor cooling(RFC)system.However,there are few theoretical or experimental studies that focus on these two important quantities.In this study,an artificial neural network(ANN)was used to predict condensation risk for the integration of RFC systems with mixed ventilation(MV),stratum ventilation(SV),and displacement ventilation(DV)systems.A genetic algorithm-back-propagation(GA-BP)neural network model was established to predict τ_(pre) and E_(pre).Both training data and validation data were obtained from tests in a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation.The results show that the established GA-BP model can predict τ_(pre) and E_(pre) well.The coefficient of determination(R^(2))of τ_(pre) and of E_(pre) were,respectively,0.973 and 0.956.For an RFC system integrated with an MV,SV,or DV system,the lowest values of τ_(pre) and E_(pre) were with the DV system,23.1 s and 0.237 kWh,respectively,for a 67.5 m^(3) room.Therefore,the best pre-dehumidification effect was with integration of the DV and RFC systems.This study showed that an ANN-based method can be used for predictive control for condensation prevention in RFC systems.It also provides a novel and effective method by which to assess the pre-dehumidification control of radiant floor surfaces.

关键词： Condensation prevention Radiant floor cooling Ventilation system genetic algorithm BP neural network

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The big data challenge-and how polypharmacology supports the translation from pre-clinical research into clinical use against neurodegenerative diseases and beyond

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1647-1648页

作者： Sven Marcel Stefan Muhammad Rafehi Drug Development and Chemical Biology Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology(LIED)University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-HolsteinLübeckGermany Department of Pathology Section of NeuropathologyTranslational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology LabUniversity of Oslo and Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Institute of Clinical Pharmacology University Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany Department of Medical Education Augsburg University MedicineAugsburgGermany

Introductory comments:The identification and validation of disease-modifying proteins are fundamental aspects in drug development.However,the m ultifactority of n eurodegen era tive diseases poses a real challenge for targeted therapies.Furthermore,the behavior of individually(over-)expressed to rget proteins in vitro is likely to differ from their actual functional behavior when embedded in cascades and pathways in vivo.

关键词： translation beyond likely

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Bayesian partial pooling to reduce uncertainty in overcoring rock stress estimation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第4期16卷 1192-1201页

作者： Yu Feng Ke Gao Suzanne Lacasse Norwegian Geotechnical Institute OsloNorway Department of Earth and Space Sciences Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina

The state of in situ stress is a crucial parameter in subsurface engineering,especially for critical projects like nuclear waste repository.As one of the two ISRM suggested methods,the overcoring(OC)method is widely used to estimate the full stress tensors in rocks by independent regression analysis of the data from each OC test.However,such customary independent analysis of individual OC tests,known as no pooling,is liable to yield unreliable test-specific stress estimates due to various uncertainty sources involved in the OC method.To address this problem,a practical and no-cost solution is considered by incorporating into OC data analysis additional information implied within adjacent OC tests,which are usually available in OC measurement campaigns.Hence,this paper presents a Bayesian partial pooling(hierarchical)model for combined analysis of adjacent OC tests.We performed five case studies using OC test data made at a nuclear waste repository research site of Sweden.The results demonstrate that partial pooling of adjacent OC tests indeed allows borrowing of information across adjacent tests,and yields improved stress tensor estimates with reduced uncertainties simultaneously for all individual tests than they are independently analysed as no pooling,particularly for those unreliable no pooling stress estimates.A further model comparison shows that the partial pooling model also gives better predictive performance,and thus confirms that the information borrowed across adjacent OC tests is relevant and effective.

关键词： Overcoring stress measurement Uncertainty reduction Partial pooling Bayesian hierarchical model Nuclear waste repository

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Dose-response associations,physical activity intensity and mortality risk:A narrative review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 24-29页

作者： Ulf Ekelund Miguel Adriano Sanchez-Lastra Knut Eirik Dalene Jakob Tarp Department of Sport Medicine Norwegian School of Sport SciencesOslo 0806Norway Department of Chronic Diseases Norwegian Institute of Public HealthOslo 0213Norway Department of Special Didactics Faculty of Education and Sports SciencesUniversity of VigoPontevedra 36005Spain Well-Move Research Group Galicia-Sur Health Research Institute(SERGAS-UVIGO)Vigo 36213Spain

Physical activity is consistently associated with reduced mortality,decreased risk for non-communicable diseases,and improved mental health in observational studies.Randomized controlled trials and observational Mendelian randomization studies support causal links between physical activity and health outcomes.However,the scarcity of evidence from randomized controlled trials,along with their inherent challenges like exposure contrasts,healthy volunteer biases,loss to follow-up,and limited real-world dose-response data,warrants a comprehensive approach.This review advocates synthesizing insights from diverse study designs to better understand the causal relationship between physical activity,mortality risk,and other health outcomes.Additionally,it summarizes recent research since the publication of current physical activity recommendations.Novel observational studies utilizing device-measured physical activity underscore the importance of every minute of activity and suggest that all intensity levels confer health benefits,with vigorous-intensity potentially requiring lower volumes for substantial benefits.Future guidelines,informed by device-measured physical activity studies,may offer refined age-specific recommendations,emphasize vigorous-intensity physical activity,and include daily step counts as a simple,easily assessable metric using commercial wearables.

关键词： Accelerometers Non-communicable diseases Public health Sedentary behavior

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Integrating Shipborne Images with Multichannel Deep Learning for Landslide Detection

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第1期35卷 296-300页

作者： Pengfei Feng Changdong Li Shuang Zhang Jie Meng Jingjing Long School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Faculty of Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Civil Badong National Observation and Research Station of Geohazards China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics Changan UniversityXi'an 710054China Department of Geosciences University of OsloOslo 0316Norway

0 INTRODUCTION.Landslide disasters in recession zones along riverbanks impose significant global social,economic,and ecological damage.These areas are particularly susceptible to landslides.They inflict significant harm due to fluctuating water levels(Meng et al.,2023;Dai et al.,2021;Li et al.,2021).This,in turn,endangers the safety and accessibility of roads and waterways adjacent to rivers,and hydropower station and reservoir security(Yan et al.,2022;Guo et al.,2020;Tang et al.,2017).

关键词： reservoir Landslide Ship

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Investigation of Hexavalent Chromium Reduction in Strong Saline and Acidic Nitro-Phosphate Solutions

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2024年第1期14卷 1-13页

作者： Deniz Avsar Niels Højmark Andersen Dag Øistein Eriksen Jon Petter Omtvedt Department of Chemistry University of Oslo Oslo Norway

Phosphorus fertilizers from less pure sedimentary sources become increasingly important, due to depletion of phosphorus from igneous rock of high quality. Consequently, robust methods with potential to remove various types of hazardous elements are required. Among such impurities, hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is very likely to become a future challenge. Different industrial ways to treat phosphate rock are currently being practised, and we have here studied how chromium behaves when using the nitro-phosphate process. The reduction mechanism of Cr (VI) in nitric acid and phosphoric acid solutions was investigated by measuring redox potential and UV-VIS spectra. The results show that Cr (VI) is not stable in strong nitric acid solutions. Reduction of Cr (VI) species decreased with decreasing temperature, NO2 concentration, ionic strength and absence of light. These findings support the proposed reduction reaction:The reduction rate was observed proportional to the nitric acid decomposition: .

关键词： Nitro-Phosphate Fertilizers Chromium (VI) Reduction Chromium Speciation Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy

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The transcriptional control of LcIDL1–LcHSL2 complex by LcARF5 integrates auxin and ethylene signaling for litchi fruitlet abscission

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1206-1226页

作者： Xingshuai Ma Zidi He Ye Yuan Zhijian Liang Hang Zhang Vilde Olsson Lalun Zhuoyi Liu Yanqing Zhang Zhiqiang Huang Yulian Huang Jianguo Li Minglei Zhao State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops(South China)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangdong Litchi Engineering Research CenterCollege of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Dongguan Botanical Garden Dongguan 523128China Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloBlindernveien 31Oslo 0316Norway College of Agriculture Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China

At the physiological level,the interplay between auxin and ethylene has long been recognized as crucial for the regulation of organ abscission in plants.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown.Here,we identified transcription factors involved in indoleacetic acid(IAA)and ethylene(ET)signaling that directly regulate the expression of INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION(IDA)and its receptor HAESA(HAE),which are key components initiating abscission.Specifically,litchi IDAlike 1(LcIDL1)interacts with the receptor HAESA-like2(LcHSL2).Through in vitro and in vivo experiments,we determined that the auxin response factor LcARF5 directly binds and activates both LcIDL1 and LcHSL2.Furthermore,we found that the ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3-like transcription factor LcEIL3 directly binds and activates LcIDL1.The expression of IDA and HSL2 homologs was enhanced in Lc ARF5and Lc EIL3 transgenic Arabidopsis plants,but reduced in ein3 eil1 mutants.Consistently,the expressions of LcIDL1 and LcHSL2 were significantly decreased in Lc ARF5-and LcEIL3-silenced fruitlet abscission zones(FAZ),which correlated with a lower rate of fruitlet abscission.Depletion of auxin led to an increase in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(the precursor of ethylene)levels in the litchi FAZ,followed by abscission activation.Throughout this process,LcRF5 and LcEIL3 were induced in the FAZ.Collectively,our findings suggest that the molecular interactions between litchi AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 5(LcARF5)-LcIDL1/LcHSL2 and LcEIL3–LcIDL1 signaling modules play a role in regulating fruitlet abscission in litchi and provide a long-sought mechanistic explanation for how the interplay between auxin and ethylene is translated into the molecular events that initiate abscission.

关键词： auxin ethylene fruit abscission IDA–HAE/HSL2 litchi

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