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Antimicrobial resistance of abnormal vaginal discharges microorganisms in Ouagadougou,Burkina Faso

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第4期2卷 294-297页

作者： Simplice D Karou Florencia Djigma Tani Sagna Christelle Nadembega Moctar Zeba Aboudoulaye Kabre Kokou Anani Djeneba Ouermi Charlemagne Gnoula Virginio Pietra Salvatore Pignatelli Jacques Simpore Centre de Recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni(CERBA) Ecole supericure des techniques alimentaires et biologiques(ESTBA-UL) Université de Lomé Centre Medical Saint Camille de Ouagadougou

Objective:To assess the prevalence of bacterial strains and fungal strains infecting the vaginal tract and test their sensitivity to antibiotics in women attending Saint Camille Medical Centre in ***:From January 2008 to December 2009,a total of 2000 vaginal swabs were cultivated for bacterial and fungal identification and ***,bacterial strains were tested for their susceptibility to several antibiotics used in routine in the centre. Results:The results revealed that microbial isolation and identification was attempted for 1536/2000 sample,a positivity rate of 76.80%.Candida albicans(48.76%),followed by Escherichia coli(16.67%),Streptococcus agalactiae(8-14%) and Staphylococcus aureus(7.55%) were the major agents of genital tract infections in *** hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum combined accounted for less than 7%.Trichomonas vaginalis was identified in 1.04%*** antimicrobial tests revealed that the microorganisms developed resistance to several antibiotics including beta ***,antibiotics such as cefamenzol,ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were still active on these ***:The results reveal that many sexually active women are infected by one or more microbial pathogens,probably because of the lock of hygiene or the adoption of some risky behaviors,such as not using condoms or having multiple sexual *** should be made to address these points in the country.

关键词： Bacteria Genital infections Antibiotics Mycoplasma Fungal strain Antimicrobial resistance Abnormal vaginal discharge Vaginal infection

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Epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of bacterial meningitis in Dapaong,northern Togo

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第11期5卷 848-852页

作者： Simplice D Karou Abago Balaka Mitiname Bamok Damhan Tchelougou Malki Assih Kokou Anani Kodjo Agbonoko Jacques Simpore Comlan de Souza Ecole superieure des techniques biologiques et alimentaires(ESTBA-UL) Universit de LomTogo Centre de Recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni(CERBA/LABIOGENE) OuagadougouBurkina Faso Faculte Mixte de Medecine et de Pharmacie(FMMP-UL) Universit de LomTogo Centre Hospitalier Regional(CHR)de Dapaong Togo

Objective:To assess the seasonality of the bacterial meningitis and the antibiotic resistance of incriminated bacteria over the last three years in the northern ***:From January 2007 to January 2010,533 cerebrospinal fluids(CSF) samples were collected from patients suspected of meningitis in the Regional Hospital of Dapaong(northern Togo).After microscopic examination,samples were cultured for bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility. Results:The study included 533 patients(306 male and 227 female) aged from 1 day to 55 years [average age(13.00±2.07) years].Bacterial isolation and identification were attempted for 254/533 (47.65%) *** bacteria]species identified were:Neisseria meningitidis A(*** A)(58.27%),Neisseria meningitidis W135(N,meningitidis W135)(7.09%),Streptococcus pneumoniae(***)(26.77%),Haemophilus influenza B(*** B)(6.30%) and Enterobacteriaceae(1.57%).The results indicated that bacterial meningitis occur from November to May with a peak in February for *** and *** and March for Neisseriaceae. The distribution of positive CSF with regards to the age showed that subjects between 6 and 12 years followed by subjects of 0 to 5 years were most affected with respective frequencies of 67.82%and 56.52%(Pdes(resistance rate>20%for both bacterial strains),macrolides(resistance rate>30%for ***) quinolones(resistance rate>15% for *** and *** W135).Over three years,the prevalence of *** significantly increased from 8.48%to 73.33%(P<0.001),while the changes in the prevalence of *** B were not statistically significant:4.24%,vs.8.89%,(P= 0.233).Conclusions: Our results indicate that data in African countries differ depending on geographical location in relation to the African meningitis *** underlines the impo

关键词： Meningitis Bacteria Antibiotics Cerebrospinal fluid Togo

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Genetic diversity of hepatitis viruses in West-African countries from 1996 to 2018

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World Journal of Hepatology 2018年第11期10卷 807-821页

作者： Maléki Assih Abdoul Karim Ouattara Birama Diarra Albert Theophane Yonli Tegwindé Rebeca Compaore Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma Simplice Karou Jacques Simpore Bioche-mistry-Microbiology CERBA/LABIOGENEOuagadougou 02006Burkina Faso Laboratoryof Molecular Biology and Molecular Genetics(LABIOGENE)UFR/SVT University Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBOOuaga-dougou 00226Burkina Faso Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medical SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape Coast 00233Ghana Ecole supérieure des techniques biologiques et alimentaires(ESTBA-UL) Universite de LomeLome 00229Togo

The severity of hepatic pathology and the response to treatment depend on the hepatitis virus genotype in the infected host. The objective of this review was to determine the distribution of hepatitis virus genotypes in West African countries. A systematic review of the literature in PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct was performed to identify 52 relevant articles reporting hepatitis A, B, C, D, E and G viruses *** B virus(HBV) genotype E with a prevalence of 90.6%(95%CI: 0.891-0.920) found in this review, is characterized by low genetic diversity. Hepatitis C virus(HCV) genotypes 1 and 2 represented 96.4% of HCV infections in West African countries, while hepatitis delta virus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis G virus genotypes 1 and HEV genotype 3 were reported in some studies in Ghana and Nigeria. HBV genotype E is characterized by high prevalence, low genetic diversity and wide geographical distribution. Further studies on the clinical implications of HBV genotype E and HCV genotypes 1 and 2 are needed for the development of an effective treatment against this viral hepatitis in West African countries. Surveillance of the distribution of different genotypes is also needed to reduce recombination rates and prevent the emergence of more virulent viral strains.

关键词： Hepatitis virus Mutations Genotypes Recombination West African Economic and Monetary Union

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Effectiveness of Disinfection in Bacteriology Laboratories in Togo, 2021

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2023年第7期13卷 213-226页

作者： Wemboo Afiwa Halatoko Bawimodom Bidjada Ghislain Emmanuel Sopoh Pirenam Kpaïkpaï Fagdéba David Bara Kokou Akpanta Zoulkarneiri Issa Koffi Akolly Yao Adodo Sadji Gnatoulma Katawa Mounerou Salou Simplice Damintoti Karou Edgard Marius Ouendo Institut National d’Hygiène (INH) Lomé Togo Institut Régional de Santé Publique (IRSP) Département de Santé et Environnement Université d’Abomey Calavi (Bénin) Abomey-Calavi Benin Unité de Recherche en Immunologie et Immunomodulation (UR2IM)/Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrô le de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires (LAMICODA)/Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA) Université de Lomé (UL) Lomé Togo Ecole supérieure des techniques biologiques et alimentaires (ESTBA) Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université de Lomé Lomé Togo

Background: Laboratory personnel is at risk of biological contamination leading to laboratory-acquired infections (LAIs). The use of disinfection products is essential in the prevention of these infections. This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents used in disinfection in bacteriology laboratories in Togo. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from June to December 2021 in all bacteriology laboratories in Togo. Swabs taken before and after disinfection of surfaces and staff hands were immediately plated on agar media. Counting and identification of isolated colonies were done after 24 hours of incubation. The ANOVA test was used to compare calculated means, prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to compare bacterial frequencies. Results: A total of 393 samples were taken, of which 41.2% were from hands. Before disinfection, surfaces were more contaminated than hands with respectively 40.4% and 29.6% (PR = 1.3;CI 95% = [0.9 - 1.9]). After surface disinfection with 0.5% of chlorine solution, bacterial elimination was total, but partial on hands washed with soap, with residual contamination of 3.7%. A total of 108 strains were isolated before disinfection of which Klebsiella spp. 38.9% and Staphylococcus spp. 25.0%;after disinfection 4 strains were isolated of which: Staphylococcus spp. 75.0% and Klebsiella spp. 25.0%. Conclusion: Surface disinfection was more effective than hand washing with soap and water. We recommend proper hand washing.

关键词： Effectiveness Antimicrobial Agents Disinfection Hands Surfaces

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Enteric parasites prevalence at Saint Camille Medical Centre in Ouagadougou,Burkina Faso

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第5期4卷 401-403页

作者： Simplice Damintoti Karou Drissa Sanou Djeneba Ouermi Salvatore Pignatelli Virginio Pietra Remy Moret Jean Baptiste Nikiema Jacques Simpore Centre de Recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni(CERBA) OuagadougouBurkina Faso Ecole superieure des techniques biologiques et alimentaires(RSTBA-UL) Universite de LomeTogo Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre(UFR/SVT) Universite de OuagadougouBurkina Faso Centre medical saint Camille de Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Objective:To assess the prevalence of parasitic infections among patients attending Saint Camille Medical Centre and to estimate co-parasitic infections ***:From January to December 2009,stool samples were collected from 11 728 persons,aged from five months to 72 years and suffering from *** macroscopic description,the stools were examined by light microscopy to search for the presence of ***:From the 11 728 analyzed stools,6 154(52.47%) were infected with at least one *** frequently encountered were:Giardia intestinalis(43.47%),Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar(30.74%) and Trichomonas irUestinalis(21.72%),while Hymenolepis nana(2.25%) was the most common ***-infections occurred in 22.34%*** the multi-infected samples,dual and triple infections accounted for 71.18%and 20.00%,*** irUestinalis for protozoan and Hymenolepis nana for helminths were the most implicated ***: This study confirms that intestinal parasites are still a public health problem in Burkina *** reduce the incidence of parasitic infections,it is necessary to promote the education of people so that they practice the rules of individual and collective hygiene.

关键词： Gastroenteritis Giardia intestinalis Hymenolepis nana Helminths Burkina Faso

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Ciprofloxacin Sensitivity of <i>Staphylococcus</i>Strains Isolated at the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital, Togo

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2014年第13期5卷 1143-1147页

作者： Mounerou Salou Degninou Yehadji Koumavi Ekouevi Sika Dossim Chantal Tsogou Yawo Tufa Nyasenu Fiali Lack Mireille Prince-David Anoumou Y. Dagnra Service de Microbiologie CHU Sylavanus Olympio LoméTogo Département des Sciences fondamentales de la Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Ecole supérieure des techniques biologiques et alimentaires Université de Lomé LoméTogo Service laboratoire CHU Campus Lomé Togo

Background: Staphylococcal infections are managed by hygiene measures and usage of antibiotics. The first-line treatment refers to beta-lactamins. However, the emergence of beta-lactamin resistant staphylococcal strains has been reported, as demonstrated by a study conducted in Lomé University Teaching Hospital, Bacteriology Laboratory (2001) on 742 Staphylococcus aureus strains which revealed 67.00% of them where methicillin resistant. In this setting of emergent methicillin-resistant strains, the second-line treatments are prescribed by clinicians without antibiograms. Fluoroquinolones are the first preference molecules used for second-line treatment because of their efficacy and affordability. We want to contribute to setting monitoring and alert-making tools for drug prescribers. Thus we conducted this study, aiming to determine the frequency of S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) strains isolation in different types of biologic samples, and to investigate the link between methicillin resistance and ciprofloxacin resistance. Methods: We conducted this study from January 2006 through Jun 2010. The Microbiology Laboratory Service collected and analyzed samples for diagnostic purpose from inpatients and outpatients consulted in the hospital. We collected and analyzed de-identified data on these patients to form laboratory records. Bacteriological analyses in which ciprofloxacin have not been tested were excluded. Results: Over the 1108 staphylococal strains isolated from various biological samples processed, 751 were Staphylococcus aureus and 357 were coagulase-negative staphylococci. The strains sensitivity profile is for all isolates. The majority of germs were S. aureus and 20% of them were ciprofloxacin-resistant. The probability of a patient who has an infection caused by S. aureus increases his stay in high-risk settings such as intensive care unit, surgical intervention, extended hospitalization, use of a catheter. The use of broad-spectrum

关键词： Staphylococcus Ciprofloxacin Methicillin Resistance

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CD4 T-Lymphocytes Count in HIV-<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>Co-Infected Pregnant Women Undergoing a Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Program

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2018年第4期6卷 76-84页

作者： Gnatoulma Katawa Malewe Kolou Liza Koboyo Nadjir Essoham Ataba Gatigbene Bomboma Simplice Damintoti Karou Ecole superieure des techniques biologiques et alimentaires (ESTBA-UL) Universite de Lome Lomé Togo Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire et d’Immunologie (BIOLIM) Universite de Lome Lomé Togo

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a parasite responsible of toxoplasmosis, a disease often asymptomatic but with serious consequences in pregnant women and immunocompromised subjects. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of T. gondii infection on CD4+ T lymphocytes count in HIV-infected pregnant women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of pregnant women co-infected by HIV and T. gondii. The study was conducted from January to July 2016 at the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) sites in the Health District of Lacs in Togo. Diagnosis of HIV was performed by immuno-chromatographic methods with Determine TM HIV-1/2 and immuno-filtration with Tri-Dot HIV-1 and 2 kits. Presence of anti-toxoplasmic IgG and IgM antibodies was established via enzyme immunoassay using ELISA-BIOREX®kit. Flow cytometry was used to count CD4+ T lymphocytes. Results: Our study found that of the 4599 pregnant women, 111 (2.41%) were HIV-positive. Among them, 109 (98.20%) were infected by HIV-1 and 2 (1.98%) by HIV-2. Antibodies against T. gondii were detected in 5.36% (IgM), 25% (IgG) and 3.57% (both IgM and IgG) of HIV 56 infected women. There was no significant difference between CD4 cell count in HIV (+)/T. gondii IgM (-)/IgG (-) infected pregnant women (378.8 ± 222.8 cell//μl) compared to HIV (+)/T. gondii/IgM (+) (457.3 ± 183.3 cell//μl), HIV (+)/T. gondii IgG (+) (419.4 ± 287.3 cell//μl) and HIV (+)/T. gondii IgM/IgG (+) (480.5 ± 252.4 cell/μl). Conclusion: This study showed that intracellular parasite T. gondii did not alter CD4+ T lymphocytes count in HIV/T. gondii co-infected pregnant women.

关键词： HIV Toxoplasma gondii Co-Infection CD4+ T Lymphocytes Count

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Buruli Ulcer and HIV Coinfection: Cases in Togo

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World Journal of AIDS 2020年第3期10卷 159-169页

作者： Menssah Teko Mounerou Salou Fifonsi A. Gbeasor-Komlanvi Abla Ahouefa Konou Yaovi Ameyapoh Centre Hospitalier Régional de Tsévié Tsévié Togo Ecole supérieure des techniques biologiques et alimentaires Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Département de Pharmacie Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Centre Africain de Recherche en Epidémiologie et en Santé Publique Lomé Togo Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de ContrÔ le de Qualité des Denrées alimentaires Université de Lomé Lomé Togo

Background: In Togo, as in all sub-Saharan countries, the burden of HIV infection remains high. The registration of new cases of Buruli ulcer every year also remains a major public health problem. Buruli ulcer (BU) is a disabling disease and the presentation of lesions is frequently severe. A feature of BU and HIV coinfection is the rarity of cases, which makes its study difficult, but, nevertheless, important to study its seroprevalence, biological data, risk factors and genetic diversity. The purpose of this study is to explore the comorbidity of Buruli ulcer and HIV by evaluating HIV seroprevalence in BU patients, assessing demographic data, reviewing biological data including CD4+ T cell count, hemoglobin levels, and viral loads, and evaluating clinical and therapeutic data. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study including only BU patients confirmed by Ziehl Neelsen staining and IS 2404 PCR. The patients were hospitalized in the National Reference Center for Tsevie. They were recovered patients and patients undergoing outpatient treatment in the Gati and Tchekpo Deve treatment centers, respectively, within the Sanitary Districts of Zio and Yoto of the Maritime Region during the period from August 2015 to March 2017. Results: The number of HIV-positive BU patients is 4 out of a total of 83 BU patients. All patients are HIV-1 positive. HIV prevalence among BU patients is 4.8% compared to 2.5% nationally and 3% at regional level. Three BU patients are seropositive out of a total of 46 female patients while one patient under 15 years is seropositive out of a total of 37 male BU patients. There are a greater proportion of female patients with BU/HIV coinfections. Half of the BU/HIV positive patients (BU/HIV+) have a CD4+ TL of fewer than 500 cells/μl and the difference is significant between those of the BU HIV- and those of the BU/HIV+ patients. Two patients have undetectable viral loads while the other two have more than 1000 copies/ml (33,00

关键词： Buruli Ulcer Coinfection Buruli Ulcer and HIV HIV Seroprevalence Mycobacterium ulcerans TOGO

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Relationship between the Polymorphism of the GSTP1 (rs1695) Gene and Chronic Hepatitis B Infection in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第11期11卷 94-107页

作者： Tilate Lare Lassina Traore Marie Simone Traore Sidnooma Véronique Zongo Pierre Zabre Mousso Savadogo Fortune D. Salah Herman Karim Sombie Pegdwendé Abel Sorgho Tégwindé Rebeca Compaore Tani Sagna Issoufou Tao Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah Damintoti Simplice Karou Rogomenoma Alice Ouedraogo Teega-Wende Clarisse Ouedraogo Prosper Bado Albert Théophane Yonli Jacques Simpore Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Ecole Normale supérieure Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire-Virologie Institut National d’Hygiène Lomé Togo Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut des Sciences et de Technologies/Ecole Normale supérieure Koudougou Burkina Faso Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast PMB Cape Coast Ghana école supérieure des techniques biologiques et alimentaires Université de Lomé (ESTBA-UL) Lomé Togo Centre Universitaire de Gaoua Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Introduction: Genetic polymorphisms of some Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) which encode the enzyme responsible for the biotransformation of drugs and xenobiotics, have been associated with the risk of several pathologies that can progress to cancer such as Hepatitis B. This study aims to characterize the impact of the rs1695 polymorphism of GSTP1 gene among people with chronic Hepatitis B infection in Burkina Faso. Methods: rs1695 polymorphisms of GSTP1 gene genotyping was performed for 50 people infected with chronic Hepatitis B virus and 124 healthy people with the PCR-RFLP method. Conventional PCR was used for DNA amplification and Alw26I enzyme was used for enzymatic digestion. Results: The results show that the frequencies of AA, AG and GG genotypes are respectively 31.00%, 36.80% and 32.20% in general the study population with a mutation rate of 50.57%. However, the incidence of the AA, AG and GG genotypes are respectively 30.64%, 38.71% and 30.64% among people with chronic Hepatitis B virus infection and 32.00%, 32.00% and 36.00% among healthy people. In cases, the frequencies of the A and G alleles are 48.00% and 52.00% respectively, and in controls 50.00% each. No statistical difference was found by comparing genotypic and allelic frequencies between cases and controls (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study allowed us to determine the rate of GSTP1 rs1695 genotypes in the study population, cases and controls. From our analyses, GSTP1 rs1695 is not associated to chronic Hepatitis B virus infection in Ouagadougou.

关键词： Polymorphism GSTP1 Chronic Hepatitis B Healthy People Burkina Faso

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Correlation between Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and HIV-1 Viral Load Level and CD4 Count in Pregnant Women on Antiretroviral Therapy in N’djamena (Chad)

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World Journal of AIDS 2015年第4期5卷 308-312页

作者： Adoum Fouda Abderrazzack Mounerou Salou Akouda Patassi Degninou Yehadji Yaovi Ameyapoh Service de Laboratoire et médicaments du Programme Sectoriel de lutte contre le sida et les Infections Sexuellement Transmissibles N’djamena Tchad Laboratoire de microbiologie et de controle de qualité de denrées alimentaires Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires University of Lomé Lomé Togo Département des sciences fondamentales Faculty of Health Science University of Lomé Laboratory of Microbiology CHU Sylvanus OLIMPYO Lomé Togo Centre de biologie moléculaire et d’immunologie FSS/UL Lomé Togo Service des maladies infectieuses CHU Sylvanus OLIMPYO Lomé Togo Ministry of Health Lomé Togo

A cross-sectional study was conducted at the “Centre de l’Appui Psycho-Médico-Social (APMS)” which is a centre for Psychological and Medical support in N'Djamena (Chad) from January to March 2014. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and viral load level and CD4 count in seventy-six (76) HIV-1 infected pregnant women on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Urine culture and bacteria identification were performed by using a chromogenic culture medium (UriselectR4). T CD4+ lymphocytes count and viral load measurement were done respectively on PIMATM test and Abbott m2000 RealTime HIV-1. In this study, 25 (32.9%) pregnant women were carrying ASB and major bacteria;Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae known to cause neonatal meningitis to newborns were identified. Bacteria were isolated mainly in women with CD4 lymphocytes 3log (70%) (19/25). Besides the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV, which remains a goal, it is important to prevent also the transmission of other microorganisms causing neonatal infections. Our findings support the needs to do bacteriological analysis of urine in every HIV-infected pregnant woman at least in late pregnancy.

关键词： Pregnant Women Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Lymphocyte CD4 Viral Load

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