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Temporo-spatial dynamics and behavioural patterns of 2012 cholera epidemic in the African mega-city of Conakry,Guinea

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 145-154页

作者： Alexandre Blake Veronique Sarr Keita delphine Sauvageot Mamadou Saliou Berthe Marie Njanpop Fode Sory Bertrand Sudre Koivogui Lamine Martin Mengel Bradford DGessner Keita Sakoba Agence de Medecine Préventive ParisFrance Division Prevention et Lutte contre la Maladie(DPLM) Ministere de la santéPublique et de l’Hygiene Publique ConakryConakryGuinea Institut National de sante publique(INSP) ConakryGuinea Franche-Comtéuniversity(UMR 6249 chrono-environnement) BesançonFrance.

Background:Cholera is endemic in Guinea,having suffered consecutive outbreaks from 2004 to 2008 followed by a lull until the 2012 *** we describe the temporal-spatial and behavioural characteristics of cholera cases in Conakry during a three-year period,including the large-scale 2012 ***:We used the national and African Cholera Surveillance Network(Africhol)surveillance data collected from every cholera treatment centre in Conakry city from August 2011 to december *** prevalence of suspect and confirmed cholera cases,the case fatality ratio(CFR),and the factors associated with suspected cholera were described according to three periods:pre-epidemic(A),epidemic 2012(B)and post epidemic(C).Weekly attack rates and temporal-spatial clustering were calculated at municipality level for period *** was confirmed by culture at the cholera national reference ***:A total of 4559 suspect cases were reported:66,4437,and 66 suspect cases in periods A,B and C,*** the 204 suspect cases with culture results available,6%,60%,and 70%were confirmed in periods A,B,and C,*** 0.3%,the CFR was significantly lower in period B than in periods A(7.6%)and C(7.1%).The overall attack rate was 0.28%in period B,ranging from 0.17%to 0.31%across ***,a cluster of cases was identified in two districts in the northern part of *** 14%,rice water stools were less frequent in period A than in period B and C(78%and 84%).dehydration(31%vs 94%and 89%)and coma(0.4%vs 3.1%and 2.9%)were lower during period B than in periods A and *** treatment of drinking water was less frequent in period A,while there were more reports of recent travel in period ***:The epidemic dynamic and the sociological description of suspect cases before,during,and after the large-scale epidemic revealed that the Vibrio cholerae was already present before the ***,it appeared that infected individuals react

关键词： Cholera Space-time clustering Guinea

Testing for hepatitis B virus alone does not increase vaccine coverage in non-immunized persons

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第38期23卷 7037-7046页

作者： Anders Boyd Julie Bottero Fabrice Carrat Joel Gozlan Hayette Rougier Pierre-Marie Girard Karine Lacombe Institute Pierre Louis d’épidémiologie et de santépublique(IPLESP UMRS 1136) INSERMSorbonne Universités Service de maladies infectieuses Hopital Saint-AntoineAP-HP Département de santépublique Hopital Saint-AntoineAP-HP Laboratoire de Virologie Hopital Saint-AntoineAP-HP INSERM UMR_S1135 CIMI

AIM To determine whether hepatitis B virus(HBV)-testing could serve as a gateway to vaccinate non-immunized individuals in a low-prevalent *** Non-immunized subjects participating in a multi-center, HBV-testing campaign in Paris, France were identified and contacted via telephone 3-9 mo after testing in order to determine vaccination status. Vaccination coverage was evaluated in per-protocol(for all respondents) and intent-to-treat analysis(assuming all non-responders did not vaccinate).RESULTS In total, 1215/4924(24.7%) enrolled subjects with complete HBV serology were identified as nonimmunized and eligible for analysis. There were 99/902 successfully contacted subjects who had initiated HBV vaccination after screening: per-protocol, 11.0%(95%CI: 9.0-13.2); intent-to-treat, 8.2%(95%CI: 6.7-9.8). In multivariable analysis, vaccination was more likely to be initiated in individuals originating from moderate or high HBV-endemic countries(P < 0.001), patients with limited healthcare coverage(P = 0.01) and men who have sex with men(P = 0.02). When asked about the reasons for not initiating HBV vaccination, the most frequent response was "will be vaccinated later"(33.4%), followed by "did not want to vaccinate"(29.8%), and "vaccination was not proposed by the physician"(21.5%). Sub-group analysis indicated a stark contrast in vaccination coverage across centers, ranging from 0%-56%.CONCLUSION HBV-vaccination after HBV screening was very low in this study, which appeared largely attributed to physician-patient motivation towards vaccination. Increased vaccination coverage might be achieved by emphasizing its need at the organizational level.

关键词： Health service organization Hepatitis B virus vaccination Public health Testing intervention Vaccine coverage

Epidemiological, Clinical and Anatomopathological Aspects of Cancers in Central African Republic Children

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第5期12卷 841-849页

作者： Jess Elio Kosh Komba Palet Cyriaque Simplice Kango Carine Kiteze Nguinzanemou Marie Christine Awa Sépou Yanza Marie colette Nganda Bangue Barbara Ouansaba Mouhamadou Ousmane Jean Chrysostome Gody Boniface Koffi Complexe Pédiatrique de Bangui Bangui République Centrafricaine Faculté des Sciences de la santé de l’Université de Bangui Bangui République Centrafricaine Laboratoire National de Biologie Clinique et de santé publique Bangui République Centrafricaine

Objectives: To determine the epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological aspects of childhood cancer in CAR. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out from May 2015 to May 2018, at the Center Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique de Bangui (CHUPB). The study population consisted of patients aged under 15 followed in the UHOPB for malignant tumors on clinical, radiological or ultrasound suspicion of malignancy and confirmed or not by histology or biology. A questionnaire was used to collect the data which was analyzed using SPSS11.0 software. Results: During the study period, we collected 107 cases of childhood cancer. The annual hospital incidence was 1.27% in 2016;1.93% in 2017 and 1.50% in 2018 The average monthly frequency of patients followed is 35.66. The intensity of pain assessed in the 99 patients ranged from 02/10 to 09/10 with an average of 5.41/10. The mean duration of the disease was 3.3 months with extremes at 1.2 months and 36 months. A predominance of comorbidity with HIV is 41.66%. Histologically diagnosed malignant tumors are dominated by 30.4% Burkitt’s lymphoma. Conclusion: Data on cancer incidence are scarce in developing countries and for the most part are hospital statistics. In CAR, it will be important to set up a national register for collecting information.

关键词： Cancer Child Epidemiology Central African Republic

Schistosomiasis control in Senegal:results from community data analysis for optimizing preventive chemotherapy intervention with praziquantel

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第6期12卷 101-102页

作者： Boubacar Diop Khadime Sylla NDèye MBackéKane Oumou Kaltoum Boh Babacar Guèye Mady Ba Idrissa Talla Malang Mané Rose Monteil Boniface Kinvi Honorat Gustave Marie Zoure Jorge Cano Ortega Pauline Mwinzi Moussa Sacko Babacar Faye Programme National de Lutte Contre les Bilharzioses et les Géo-Helminthiases Direction de la Lutte Contre la Maladie (DLM) Ministère de la Santé et de l’Action Sociale (MSAS) Dakar Senegal department of Parasitology and Mycology Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD) Dakar Senegal WHO Country Office Dakar Senegal Département de santé publique Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université Amadou Hampathé Ba Dakar Senegal FHI 360 Chargé des Enquêtes et Evaluation des Maladies et des Campagnes de DMM Dakar Senegal Expanded Special Project for Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases (ESPEN) WHO Africa Regional Office Brazzaville Congo Service de Parasitologie Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP) Bamako Mali

Background Over the past two decades,preventive chemotherapy(PC)with praziquantel(PZQ)is the major strategy for controlling schistosomiasis in *** objective of this analysis was to update the endemicity of schistosomiasis at community level for better targeting mass treatment with PZQ in *** demographic and epidemiological data from 1610 community health areas were analyzed using the schistosomiasis community data analysis tool of Expanded Special Project for Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases which developed by World Health Organization/Africa Ofce(WHO/AFRO).The tool uses a WHO/AFRO decision tree for areas without epidemiological data to determine whether mass treatment should be continued at community *** analysis was *** Overall,the endemicity of 1610 community health areas were updated based on the data from the district endemicity(33.5%)and the form of Join request for selected PC medicine(40.5%).Up to 282(17.5%)and 398(24.7%)of community health areas were classifed as moderate and high endemicity.41.1%of communities were non *** endemicity was more important in Tambacounda,Saint Louis,Matam,Louga and Kedougou.A change in endemicity category was observed when data was disagregted from district level to community *** units classifed non endemic were more important at community level(n=666)compared to district level(n=324).Among 540 areas previously classifed high endemic at district level,392(72.6%)remained high prevalence category,while 92(17.0%)became moderate,43(8.0%)low and 13(2.4%)non-endemics at community *** of implementation units requiring PC was more important at district level(1286)compared to community level(944).Number of school aged children requiring treatment was also more important at district level compared to community *** The analysis to disaggregate data from district level to community level using the WHO/AFRO schistosomiasis sub-distric

关键词： Schistosomiasis Community data analysis Endemicity Praziquantel Senegal

A numerical evaluation of continuous backfilling in cemented paste backfilled stope through an application of wick drains

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第6期25卷 897-904页

作者： Li Li Yang Pengyu department of Civil Geological and Mining Engineering école Polytechnique de Montréal

Cemented paste backfill （CPB） is gaining popularity in many underground mines worldwide. Sufficient water is added into CPB to make a flowable material for pipe transportation. Barricades are built near the drawpoints to prevent in-rush of the fill slurry. To avoid barricade failures resulting from excessive backfill pressures, backfilling is typically performed with a plug pour followed by a final pour. The interval between the two pours should be shortened or removed to increase mining productivity and avoid pipe clogging. Recently, Li proposed to apply wick drains in backfilled stopes to promote drainage and consolidation. The preliminary simulations by considering an instantaneous filling indicated that the drainage of CPB can be significantly accelerated by using wick drains. Barricade was not considered. Here, some new numerical modeUings are presented with more representative filling sequences, stope geometry, and different draining configurations. The results illustrate that the stope can be backfilled continuously by using wick drains.

关键词： Mines Cemented paste backfill Backfilled stopes Numerical analyses Drainage Wick drains

Quality of Management of Severe Malaria Cases in Children under Five: A Case of Four Health Facilities in the Littoral department in Benin

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2020年第3期10卷 163-175页

作者： Gloria Ayivi-Vinz Ghislain E. Sopoh Charles Sossa Chabi Olaniran Alphonse Biaou Abdou-Rahim Ouro-Koura Michel Makoutodé Edgar-Marius Ouendo Institut Régional de santé publique Comlan Alfred Quenum Université d’Abomey Calavi Bénin Centre de Formation en santé publique (CFSP) Lomé Togo

Background: Benin republic is a sub-Saharan African country endemic to malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. To reduce the death rate due to this scourge, it is essential to ensure quality care, especially for children under five years who are the most vulnerable. The main objective of this study is to assess the quality of severe malaria case management in patients under five years. Methods: Descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study

关键词： Severe Malaria Case Management Protocol Observance Quality of Care Benin

Analysis of the Relationship between Oral Diseases and Glycemic Control of Diabetes in the West African Context: Survey at the Centre Anti-Diabetique d’Abidjan (CADA),cote d’Ivoire

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2018年第4期8卷 213-225页

作者： Jean-Claude Guinan Guanga David Meless Abou Dramane Sangaré Datté Atta Sébastien Mamadou Samba Viviane Da-Danho Ramata Bakayoko-Ly Département de santé publique UFROS UFHB Abidjan cote d’Ivoire Laboratoire de santé publique Cariologie et Plantes Médicinales Abidjancote d’Ivoire

The relationship between diabetes and periodontitis is established and described as a bidirectional influence, whereas that with dental caries is still controversial. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between blood glucose control and oral diseases in a population of diabetics followed at the “Centre Anti Diabétique d’Abidjan” (CADA). The dental condition of the diabetics included in this cross-sectional study was assessed by the DMF index, periodontal condition by the CPITN and oral hygiene by the OHIS index. Diabetes data were extracted from CADA patient medical records. Blood glucose control has been defined by an average of the blood glucose values of the last 3 months less than or equal to 1.26 g/l. Regression models were constructed to estimate the risk of diabetes imbalance adjusted for all characteristics collected. The sample of 356 diabetics consisted of 53.7% women with an average age of 55.6 years (range: 12 - 85 years). The average DMF index was 7.9 (Std: 6.6) with an estimated prevalence of caries of 77.0%, that of periodontitis of 53.1%. The proportion of subjects with good glycemic control was estimated at 41.3%. The characteristics associated with glycemic control were: dry mouth (p = 0.005), type of diabetes treatment (p described in the literature but didn’t find significant association between dental caries and diabetes.

关键词： Diabetes Glycemic Control Oral Health Periodontitis dental Caries West Africa cote d’Ivoire

Evaluation of the Functionality of the Networking of Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights Services in the Event of Gender-Based Violence in the Commune of Kpomasse in 2022

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2022年第12期12卷 271-280页

作者： Patrick Makoutode colette Azandjeme Jolinda Capo-Chichi Jacques Saizonou Ghislain Sopoh Institut Régional de santé publique University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin

Introduction: In developing countries, gender-based violence (GBV) is a real public health problem. In Benin, GBV affects the majority of women and girls (69%). Benin has implemented strategies and set up integrated centers for the management of violence in order to reduce cases of violence and ensure the holistic management of victims. The objective of our study was to assess the functionality of the network of sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) in case of GBV in the commune of Kpomasse in 2022. Method: This descriptive and evaluative study was conducted from March 21 to April 11, 2022. The sampling method used was non-probabilistic. Reasoned choice and convenience were the techniques used for the different targets of the study. The functionality of the SRHR service network was assessed first by calculating scores at the structure, process and outcome levels, and then by analysis using the human rights-based approach. Results: Out of the 34 GBV victims identified, only one had received a full response and 54% of the victims had no knowledge of SRHR. The lack of knowledge about health care facilities was 41% for victims and 80% for non-victims in the community who participated in the study. In the case of gender-based violence, the community preferred to settle out of court rather than report it. The functionality of the networking of sexual and reproductive health rights services in the event of the occurrence of gender-based violence in the commune of Kpomassè is insufficient. Lack of knowledge of the roles of rights holders (DD) and duty bearers (DO) explains the insufficient functionality of networking. Conclusion: Training of SRHR service agents and community sensitization are essential to improve the functionality of SRHR service networking in the commune of Kpomasse.

关键词： Evaluation Functionality Gender-Based Violence Networking Services Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights Benin

Evaluation of the Quality of Hospital-Based Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children under 5 in Benin

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2017年第11期8卷 1012-1021页

作者： Tchasso Serge Kenao Charles Sossa Jerome Yolaine Glèlè Ahanhanzo Ghislain Emmanuel Sopoh Patrick Makoutodé Victoire Damienne Agueh Département de Promotion de la santé Institut Régional de Santé Publique Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey Calavi Bénin Département d’épidémiologie et de Biostatistique Institut Régional de Santé Publique Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey Calavi Bénin Département de santé et Environnement Institut Régional de Santé Publique Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey Calavi Bénin Département de Politique et Système de santé Institut Régional de Santé Publique Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey Calavi Bénin

Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess the quality of the management of severe acute malnutrition in the Mono departmental Hospital Center (CHD) in Benin. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and evaluative study which took place from 03 February to 20 July 2016. The study was carried out in the mono departmental hospital of Lokossa. The non-probabilistic sampling method was used to select all our study materials and all our targets were systematically selected. Our study materials involved observation checklist, guidelines documents and questionnaires to collect data. The assessment of the quality of the hospital management of severe acute malnutrition was based on national and international standards like Benin’s national protocol of acute malnutrition management. Results: In our study, 27 cases of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children were considered. The median age of those children was 12 months. The rates of the components inputs, process and results were 25% (poor), 58.33% (acceptable) and 40% (poor), respectively. The sub components with respect to the norms were all related to the management of severe acute malnutrition like, availability of therapeutic foods ready for use, availability of management protocol, availability of trained and supervised staff in the management of the severe acute malnutrition and the proportion of dead and cured children. The study showed that the quality of the management of severe acute malnutrition at the mono departmental hospital of Lokossa was poor with a rate of 41.38%. Conclusion: The quality of the management of severe acute malnutrition at the mono departmental hospital of Lokossa was poor. The sub components that need to improve were the availability of therapeutic foods ready for use, availability of management protocol, along with the training and supervision of staff in charge of the management of severe acute malnutrition.

关键词： Evaluation Severe Acute Malnutrition Benin