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Improvement of polyploidy induction in Eriocheir sinensis

Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2004年第4期23卷 725-732页

作者： CUIZhaoxia XIANGJianhai ZHOULinghua CAINaner SONGLinsheng EMBL InstituteofOceanologyChineseAcademyofSciencesQingdao266071China

An incubating temperature of 15 C is used to induce triploidy in Eriocheir sinensis through inhibition of the releaseof polar body II, and that of 18 C to induce tetraploidy through inhibition of the first cleavage. Flow cytometry isused to identify the ploidy in different developmental stages. For induction of triploidy in fertilized eggs in vitro, thehighest induction rate observed in blastula by cytochalasin B, 6-DMAP and KCl is 49.1%, 51.7% and 77.5%,respectively. In the KCl treatment of pregnant crabs with the fertilized eggs, the highest triploid induction rateobserved in the zoea is 85.3%. For induction of tetraploidy, the highest induction rate observed in the blastula bycytochaslasin B, 6-DMAP and KCl is 50.3%, 54.9% and 79.8% respectively. In the KCl treatment of pregnant crabswith the fertilized eggs, the highest induction rate in zoea is 27.3%. Through this study such difficulty as in vitroculture is overcome. Triploid zoea Eriocheir sinensis has been developed for the first time. The induction rate oftetraploid zoea has also been greatly improved.

关键词： Eriocheir sinensis triploid tetraploid zoea

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Effects of salinity on embryonic and larval development of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis(Decapoda: Brachyura) and salinity-induced physiological changes

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第5期37卷 1777-1788页

作者： WANG Ruifang HUANG Xiaorong WANG Haihua LU Jianxue SHI Xiaotao FENG Guangpeng ZHUANG Ping East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesShanghai 200090China College of Animal Science Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region Ministry of EducationThree Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China

To investigate the effects of salinity on early development of Chinese mitten crab ( Eriocheir sinensis ), and the salinity tolerance mechanism of embryos, different developmental stages of embryos (gastrula, eyespot and pre-hatching stage), and hatched stage I zoea and megalopa, were exposed to a range of salinities (1, 5, 10, 15 (control), 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40). Hatching, survival and molting were monitored. Effects of 24-hour hypersaline (35) and hyposaline (1) stress on egg diameter, water content, Na +/K +-ATPase (NKA) activity, and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) gene mRNA expression in embryos and megalopa, are reported. Embryos are more tolerant of low (≤ 5) than high (≥25) salinities, with optimum ranges for gastrula and pre-hatching stage embryos being 5-20, and for eyespot embryo and stage I zoea, 10-20. Most megalopa can molt to the first juvenile instar by day 5 at salinities between 1 and 40, whereas molting of megalopa stages was delayed at 40. Hypersaline conditions resulted in a loss of moisture, reduction of egg volume, and a signifi cant increase in NKA activity and CHH mRNA expression at some developmental stages. Hyposaline conditions did not affect moisture content or egg volume, but resulted in decreased NKA activity and CHH mRNA expression in embryos. For megalopa stages, NKA activity was significantly upregulated following both hypo- and hypersaline stress. Our results suggest high salinity will inhibit development and hatching of E. sinensis embryos, and low salinity will affect the survival of their stage I zoea. Increased NKA activity in embryos and megalopa stages might indicate a hyporegulation response under hypersaline conditions. These findings provide useful information for spawning ground protection of indigenous E . sinensis and enrich the knowledge of embryonic tolerance mechanisms of hyperregulating crustaceans following osmotic stress.

关键词： Eriocheir sinensis salinity embryo development zoea megalopa Na +/K +-ATPase

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Toxicity of cadmium on larvae of Palaemon adspersus Rathke, 1837 from the Black Sea

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2017年第9期5卷 375-378页

作者： Levent Bat Sabri Bilgin Aysah Oztekin Fisheries Faculty Department of HydrobiologySinop UniversityTR57000SinopTurkey Fisheries Faculty Department of Fishing Technology and ProcessingSinop UniversityTR57000SinopTurkey

Objective: To evaluate the suitability of Palaemon adspersus (P. adspersus) as a bio-indicator for 4 and 10 days of cadmium toxicity bioassays. Methods: Four and ten days experiments were designed. CdCl2·2?H2O was dissolved in distilled water and a stock solution was made. At 4-day bioassay, the larvae of Baltic prawns were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/L of Cd for 4 days. The 4-day LC50 was calculated by the probit analysis. At 10-day bioassay, the concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg/L were introduced into each of the jars in triplicate treatments and 0 mg/L as control. Each tank containing 20 larvae was exposed to test solutions. Results: Results from probit analysis showed that the 96-h LC50 value was 0.14 mg/L for Cd. The 10 days bioassays were conducted with nominal concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg/L Cd. Mortality increased in parallel with the increase in concentrations of Cd on zoea – I stage of P. adspersus and time of exposure. The toxicity rate of the organism is concentration-dependent. All organisms except the control group died at the end of 10 days. Less than 25% of the animals survived at the 5 days of the exposure to concentrations of 0.5 mg/kg Cd or more. Only 20% of the organisms survived at the 7 days of the exposure to concentrations of 0.1 mg/kg Cd or less in seawater with clean sediment. Conclusions: The results showed that Cd was highly toxic to P. adspersus. When the larvae were exposed to concentrations of Cd, they become slightly excited and swam erratically, probably due to stress. However, behavioural and swimming patterns in control groups were normal, and there was not any mortality during the course of the experiment.

关键词： Palaemon adspersus zoea Black Sea Cadmium Bioassay Toxic

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