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In vivo synaptic transmission in the zebra finch high vocal center and robust nucleus of the arcopallium after different stimulus patterns

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Neural Regeneration Research 2008年第5期3卷 472-477页

作者： Suqun Liao Wenxiao Liu Peng Xiao Dongfeng Li College of Life Sciences South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 Guangdong Province China

BACKGROUND： Electrophysiological studies using brain slices have revealed that the developmental regulation of synaptic plasticity in vocal learning pathway is essential for song learning in zebra finches. Publications reporting in vivo electrophysiological investigation are scarce. Many aspects of neural mechanisms underlying song learning and production still remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE： To observe the efficacy of paired pulses and the effect on synaptic transmission induced by low-frequency stimulations, high-frequency stimulations, and theta-burst stimulations. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A comparative observation. The experiment was conducted from October 2006 to October 2007 in the Neurophysiology Laboratory of South-China Normal University. MATERIALS： Twenty-four adult male zebra finches were supplied by the Department of Animal Experiment of College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University. A SEN-7203 stimulator （NIHON KOHDEN）, as well as a DSJ-731WF microelectrode amplifier and DSJ-F amplifier （provided by South-China Normal University）, were used to stimulate and record, respectively. METHODS： Animals were randomly divided into low-frequency, high-frequency, and theta-burst frequency stimulation groups. After recording evoked potentials, an input-output curve was evaluated. Subsequently, the efficacy of paired pulses with different stimulus intensity （1/3, 1/2, 2/3, or 3/4 of the value that induced the largest synaptic response）, as well as interpulse intervals （50, 75, and 100 ms）, was measured in each group. The test stimulus intensity was set to a level that evoked 1/2 or 1/3 amplitude of the maximum response. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Changes in amplitude, slope, and area of evoked potentials elicited by different stimulus patterns. RESULTS：（1） Efficacy of paired pulses： there was significant paired-pulse facilitation in the high vocal center and robust nucleus of the arcopallium （HVC-RA） synapse. Efficacy decreased when paired-pulse intervals or stimulus intensities were increased. （2） Low-frequ

关键词： electrical stimulus patterns synaptic transmission in vivo zebra finch

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Social learning in nest-building birds watching live-streaming video demonstrators

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 204-213页

作者： Lauren M.GUILLETTE Susan D.HEALY School of Biology University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeUK

Determining the role that social learning plays in construction behaviors,such as nest building or tool manufacture,could be improved if more experimental control could be gained over the exact public information that is provided by the demonstrator,to the observing individual.Using video playback allows the experimenter to choose what information is provided but will only be useful in determining the role of social learning if observers attend to,and learn from,videos in a manner that is similar to live demonstration.The goal of the current experiment was to test whether live-streamed video presentations of nest building by zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata would lead observers to copy the material choice demonstrated to them.Here,males that had not previously built a nest were given an initial preference test between materials of 2 colors.Those observers then watched live-stream footage of a familiar demonstrator building a nest with material of the color that the observer did not prefer.After this experience,observers were given the chance to build a nest with materials of the 2 colors.Although two-thirds of the observer males preferred material of the demonstrated color after viewing the demonstrator build a nest with material of that color more than they had previously,their preference for the demonstrated material was not as strong as that of observers that had viewed live demonstrator builders in a previous experiment.Our results suggest researchers should proceed with caution before using video demonstration in tests of social learning.

关键词： construction behavior copying nest social learning video playback zebra finch

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Gravitation-enabled Forward Acceleration during Flap-bounding Flight in Birds

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2018年第3期15卷 505-515页

作者： Yi Wang Bret W. Tobalske Bo Cheng Xinyan Deng School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA Field Research Station at Fort Missoula Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula MT 59812 USA Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA

Flap-bounding, a form of intermittent flight, is often exhibited by small birds over their entire range of flight speeds. Its purpose is unclear during low to medium speed （2 m·s^-1-8 m·s^-1） flight： aerodynamic models suggest continuous flapping would require less power output and lower cost of transport. To explore its functional significance at low speeds, we measured body trajectory and kinematics of wings and tail of two zebra finches （Taeniopygia guttata） during flights between two perches in a laboratory. The flights consisted of three phases： initial, descending and ascending. zebra finch first accelerated using continuous flapping, then descended, featuring intermittent bounds. The flight was completed by ascending using nearly-continuous flapping. When exiting bounds in descending phase, they achieved higher velocity than that of pre-bound forward by swinging their body forward similar to pendular motion with conserved me- chanical energy. We recorded takeoffs of three black-capped chickadees （Poecile atricapillus） in the wild and also found similar kine- matics. Our modeling of power output indicated finch achieved higher velocity （13%） with lower cost of transport （9%） when descending, compared with continuous flapping in previously studied pigeons. Flap-bounding could be useful for unmanned aerial vehicle design by mimicking descending flight to achieve rapid take-off and transition to forward flight.

关键词： zebra finch intermittent flight aerodynamics power unmanned aerial vehicle

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