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Heavy soil drying during mid-to-late grain filling stage of the main crop to reduce yield loss of the ratoon crop in a mechanized rice ratooning system

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The Crop Journal 2022年第1期10卷 280-285页

作者： Chang Zheng Yuechao Wang Shen Yuan Sen Xiao Yating Sun Jianliang Huang Shaobing Peng National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryMARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina

yield loss(Y_(loss)) in the ratoon crop due to crushing damage to left stubble from mechanical harvesting of the main crop is a constraint for wide adoption of mechanized rice ratooning *** drying before the harvest of the main crop has been proposed to overcome this *** objective of this study was to determine the effect of soil drying during the mid-to-late grain filling stage of the main crop on grain yield of the ratoon crop in a mechanized rice ratooning *** experiments were conducted to compare Y_(loss) between light(LD) and heavy(HD) soil drying treatments in Hubei province,central China in 2017 and 2018.Y_(loss) was calculated as the percentage of yield reduction in the ratoon crop with the main crop harvested mechanically,relative to the grain yield of the ratoon crop with the main crop harvested *** comparison with LD,soil hardness was increased by 42.8%-84.7% in HD at the 5-20 cm soil depth at maturity of the main *** hardness at 5 and 10 cm depths reached respectively 4.05 and 7.07 kg cm^(-2) in *** drying treatment did not significantly affect the grain yield of the main *** mechanical harvesting of the main crop,HD increased the grain yield of the ratoon crop by 9.4% relative to ***,Y_(loss) was only 3.4% in HD,in contrast to 16.3% in *** differences in grain yield and Y_(Loos) between the two soil drying treatments were explained mainly by panicles m^(-2),which was increased significantly by HD in the track zone of the ratoon crop compared with *** results suggest that heavy soil drying practice during the mid-to-late grain filling stage of the main crop is effective for reducing Y_(loss) of the ratoon crop in a mechanized rice ratooning system.

关键词： Crushing damage Mechanical harvesting Ratoon rice Soil drying yield loss

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Estimating the yield loss of Winter Wheat from Drought in the United States Southern Plains Region as Influenced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 1018-1034页

作者： Prem Woli Gerald R. Smith Charles R. Long Francis M. Rouquette, Jr. Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center Overton USA

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is a major economic activity in most regional and rural areas in the Southern Plains, a semi-arid region of the United States. This region is vulnerable to drought and is projected to experience a drier climate in the future. Since the interannual variability in climate in this region is linked to an ocean-atmospheric phenomenon, called El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), droughts in this region may be associated with ENSO. Droughts that occur during the critical growth phases of wheat can be extremely costly. However, the losses due to an impending drought can be minimized through mitigation measures if it is predicted in advance. Predicting the yield loss from an imminent drought is crucial for stakeholders. One of the reliable ways for such prediction is using a plant physiology-based agricultural drought index, such as Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID). This study developed ENSO phase-specific, ARID-based models for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in this region by accounting for its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought. The reasonable values of the drought sensitivity coefficients of the yield model for each ENSO phase (El Niño, La Niña, or Neutral) indicated that the yield models reflected reasonably well the phenomena of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region during different ENSO phases. The values of various goodness-of-fit measures used, including the Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.54 to 0.67), the Willmott Index (0.82 to 0.89), and the percentage error (20 to 26), indicated that the yield models performed fairly well at predicting the ENSO phase-specific loss of wheat yields from drought. This yield model may be useful for predicting yield loss from drought and scheduling irrigation allocation based on the phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought as impacted by ENSO.

关键词： ARID Drought Drought Index ENSO El Niño Growth-Stage Model Phenological-Phase Prediction Semi-Arid Wheat yield loss

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Study on Analysis Model of Millet yield loss Caused by Weeds in Summer Season Millet Field

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Plant Diseases and Pests 2013年第2期4卷 36-39页

作者： Lv Peng Duan Xishun Liu Hongxia Hou Shenglin Bo Kuiyong Wang Xinyu Xiang Jinying Ma Xue Jia Haiyan Zhou Hanzhang National Millet Improvement Center/Hebei Branch of National Sorghum Improvement Center/Millet Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science/Key Laboratory of Minor Crops in Hebei Province Seed Management Station of Shijiazhuang Vocational and Technical Education Center of Shenze County

Weed management in summer season foxtall millet field was studied by evaluating weed damage and exploring competition between weeds and foxtail millet, and a few fitting models were simulated and compared by employing field plot experiment and nonlinear regression analysis. The results showed that the millet yield losses and weed density were extremely significantly correlated. Among the tested models, the determination coefficient （ R2 ） of hyperbolic model was 0.997 12, and minimum residual sum of squares was 16.174, which was considered the optimal model to simulate the competition relation between weeds and millet. The predicted equation was Y = d/（ 1. 733 ＋ 0. 018d） ; the interspecific competitiveness of weeds was 0. 577 0 and the intraspecific competitiveness was 0.010 3 ; the maximum loss rate of millet yield was 55.56%. This study had established an analysis model with high gcodness-of-fit and practical prediction which could help weed management in summer season millet field.

关键词： Millet field Weeds yield loss Analysis model

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Disease Grading Criterion and Assessment of yield loss Caused by Maize Rough Dwarf Disease

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Plant Diseases and Pests 2012年第1期3卷 1-4,9页

作者： TAN Gen-jia DONG Meng SHEN Jing-ting WANG Xiang-yang GONG Xu MENG Zhao-peng GAO Jing-tang College of Plant Protection Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036 China Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Xiaoxian County Xiaoxian235200 China Agricultural Scientific Research Institute of Xiaoxian County Xiaoxian 235200 China

[Objective] The paper was to study the disease grading criterion and assess the yield loss caused by maize rough dwarf disease. [Method] The ear lengths and yields of each healthy and infected plant of 5 cultivars were measured during 2009 and 2010. The severity grading criterion was deduced according to the ear length ratios. [Result]When the ratios were 0.92-1.00, 0.67-0.91, 0.41-0.66, 0.10-0.40 and 0, its corresponding disease grading criterions were 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7, respectively. The severity grading criterion was closely correlated to the yield loss. By analyzing the data of disease indexes and yield loss rates of 27 cultivars with DPS （Data Processing System）, the regression equations were established respectively. According to the comparison with each other, the Weibull Model was proved to have the highest fitting degree. Validating with the disease indexes of 27 cultivars in 2010, the equation supported the feasibility of the equation to predict the yield loss caused by maize rough dwarf disease. [Conclusion] The paper provided theoretical basis for further study on maize rough dwarf disease.

关键词： Maize rough dwarf disease Disease grading criterion Disease severity yield loss China

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Damage evaluation of soybean chilling injury based on Google Earth Engine(GEE)and crop modelling

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第8期30卷 1249-1265页

作者： CAO Juan ZHANG Zhao ZHANG Liangliang LUO Yuchuan LI Ziyue TAO Fulu State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology/MEM&MoE Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Hazards Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Frequent chilling injury has serious impacts on national food security and in northeastern China heavily affects grain *** and accurate measures are desirable for assessing associated large-scale impacts and are prerequisites to disaster ***,we propose a novel means to efficiently assess the impacts of chilling injury on *** chilling injury events were diagnosed in 1989,1995,2003,2009,and 2018 in Oroqen *** total,512 combinations scenarios were established using the localized CROPGRO-Soybean ***,we determined the maximum wide dynamic vegetation index(WDRVI)and corresponding date of critical windows of the early and late growing seasons using the GEE(Google Earth Engine)platform,then constructed 1600 cold vulnerability models on CDD(Cold Degree Days),the simulated LAI(Leaf Area Index)and yields from the CROPGRO-Soybean ***,we calculated pixel yields losses according to the corresponding vulnerability *** findings show that simulated historical yield losses in 1989,1995,2003 and 2009 were measured at 9.6%,29.8%,50.5%,and 15.7%,respectively,closely(all errors are within one standard deviation)reflecting actual losses(6.4%,39.2%,47.7%,and 13.2%,respectively).The above proposed method was applied to evaluate the yield loss for 2018 at the pixel ***,a sentinel-2A image was used for 10-m high precision yield mapping,and the estimated losses were found to characterize the actual yield losses from 2018 cold *** results highlight that the proposed method can efficiently and accurately assess the effects of chilling injury on soybean crops.

关键词： chilling injury Google Earth Engine(GEE) CROPGRO-Soybean soybean yield loss cold degree days(CDD)

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Assessment of Rice Cultivars in China for Field Resistance to Aphelenchoides besseyi

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第10期13卷 2221-2228页

作者： FENG Hui WEI Li-hui LIN Mao-song ZHOU Yi-jun College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Institute of Plant Protection Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The effect ofAphelenchoides besseyi on 27 cultivars of rice （23japonica and 4 indica） was assessed in the field for two seasons during 2010 and 2011. The vigorous pathogenic nematodes culturing on Botrytis cinerea were used for this experiment. Inoculation was carried out at the tilling stage; the growth parameters and nematode population were recorded at the end of growth of rice plants. The results showed that the cultivars differed in their response to infection. Most of cultivars were lack of the characteristic symptom of white tip, which was seen less frequently than the other two symptoms, namely small grains and erect panicles; moreover, the expression of symptoms was probably hereditary. The infection lowered the values of all the measured biological parameters, namely length of the stem and of the panicle, the number of filled grains per panicle, and 100-grain weight, in all the cultivars. The final nematode population indicated that the threshold of economic damage had also been exceeded in 10 cultivars, and none of them was immune. Three japonica cultivars proved most vulnerable whereas Tetep, an indica type, showed a level of resistance potentially useful in controlling A. besseyi.

关键词： Aphelenchoides besseyi rice symptom expression yield loss resistance assessment

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Agroecological management of a soil-dwelling orthopteran pest in vineyards

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Insect Science 2018年第3期25卷 475-486页

作者： Jerry Asalma Nboyine Stephane Boyer David J. Saville Stephen David Wratten Bio-Protection Research Centre Lincoln University Christchurch New Zealand CSIR Savanna Agriculture Research Institute Tamale Ghana Environmental and Animal Sciences Unitec Institute of Technology Auckland New Zealand Saville Statistical Consulting Limited Lincoln New Zealand

The efficacy of different combinations of undervine and inter-row treatments for managing a soil-dwelling orthopteran pest, weta （Hemiandrus sp.）, in vineyards was investigated over 2 seasons. This insect damages vine buds, thus reducing subsequent grape yield. The undervine treatments comprised pea straw mulch, mussel shells, tick beans [Viciafaba Linn. var minor （Fab）], plastic sleeves on vine trunks （treated control） and control （no intervention）, while inter-rows contained either the existing vegetation or tick beans. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 10 replicates. Data were collected on weta densities, damage to beans and components of yield. The latter were numbers of bud laid down per vine, shoots per bud, clusters per shoot, grape bunches per vine, bunch weight and yield. The undervine treatments significantly affected all variables except the number of shoots per bud. In contrast, none of the variables was significantly affected by the inter-row treatments or their interaction with undervine treatments, apart from weta density. At the end of the experiment, weta density in the shell treatment was about 58% lower than in the control. As a result, there was about 39% significant yield increase in that treatment compared to the control. Although the undervine beans and sleeves treatments increased yield, there were no reductions in weta density. With undervine beans, the insect fed on the bean plants instead of vine buds. Thus, yield in that treatment was approximately 28% higher than in the control. These results demonstrate that simple agroecological management approaches can reduce above-ground damage by soil-dwelling insects.

关键词： cover crops grapevine yield pest management soil-dwelling insects vineyards yield loss

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Investigation on the Relationship Between Corn yield losses,Maize Growth,and the Severity of Maize Dwarf Disease

Investigation on the Relationship Between Corn Yield Losses,...

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中国植物病理学会2011年学术年会

作者： Ye Jian-ren~1,Wang Hua-di~2,Huang Xian-fu~1 (1.Wenling Station of Plant Protection,Wenling,317500 2.Zhejiang Provincial Station of Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine,Hangzhou,310020)

＜正＞Maize rough dwarf disease,transmitted by small brown planthopper（SBPH）, was one of main viral diseases on maize plants in Wenling city,Zhejiang *** recent years,rice black-streaked dwarf disease also occurred seriously on rice plants in the city. SBPH transmitted the viral disease between rice,weed,maize,and other host plants. Therefore,the disease caused a great of yield losses of both rice and *** order to explore the basic mechanism of occurrence and prevalence of MRDD and to provide a scientific guidline for accurate forecast and prevention of the disease,we investigated on the relationship between corn yield losses,maize growth,and the severity of Maize dwarf disease during 2009～*** main conclusions were summarized as following. Infected maize plants appeared pronounced dwarfing and developed shorter and lighter *** cultivars of maize plants displayed significant differences in the severities of *** the height of diseased maize plants decreased by 10%,the yield losses is up to 2.8%;When the plant height decreased by 10.1%～20%,the yield losses is up to 3.8%;When the plant height decreased by 20.1%～30%,the yield losses is up to 5.1%～8.1%;When the plant height decreased by 30.1%～40%,the yield losses is up to 7.6%～10.4%;When the plant height decreased by 40.1%～50%,the yield losses is up to 25.7%～38.4%;When the plant height decreased by more than 40.1%),the yield losses is very significant because too many diseased plants produced no ear. The height ratio of diseased plants to healthy plants was considered as an indicator for classification in this *** on the close liner correlation of yield losses with the severity of disease,the standards were established for classifying the disease index and the formula of relationship between yield losses and the severity of disease was also established for defining both disease index and standard of prevention,timely and accurately forecasting,and providing a scientific bas

关键词： maize rough dwarf disease,disease classification yield loss research

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Dual Resistance of Melon to Fusarium oxysporum Races 0 and 2 and to Papaya ring-spot virus is Controlled by a Pair of Head-to-Head-Oriented NB-LRR Genes of Unusual Architecture

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Molecular Plant 2013年第1期6卷 235-238页

作者： Yariv Brotman Michael Normantovich Zachi Goldenberg Zvi Zvirin Irina Kovalski Nastacia Stovbun Tirza Doniger Anthony M. Bolqer Christelle Troadec Abdelhafid Bendahman~ RoniCohen Nurit Katzir Michel Pitrat Catherine Dogimont Rafael PerI-Treves Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 52900 Israel Max Planck institute of Molecular Plant Physiology 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany Unite de Recherche en Genomique Veagetale INRA-UEVE-CNRS Evry France Department of Vegetable Research Agricultural Research Organization Newe Ya'ar Research Center PO Box 1021 Ramat Yishay 30095 Israel Unite de Genetique et Amelioration des Fruits et Legumes INRA UR1052 84143 Montfavet cedex France

Dear Editor, Potyviruses such as Papaya ring-spot virus （PRSV） cause important yield losses in cucurbits. Two distinct resistant alleles were identified in the Cucumis melo germplasm. Accession PI 414723 （Supplemental Table 1） possesses mono- genic resistance, controlled by the Prv2 allele, and reacts to PRSV by systemic necrotic lesions; plants with the PryI allele, described in cultivar WMR-29, remain symptomless （Pitrat and Lecoq, 1983）. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis （FUS） exclusively attacks melon, causing severe wilt. Monogenic dominant resistance was described against races O, 1, and 2. The Fore-2 gene, controlling resistance to races 0 and 1, was cloned by Joobeur et al. （2004）, and encodes a nucleotide bindina domain （NB）-Ieucine rich repeat （LRR） protein.

关键词： Melons Chpher(0) Genes Pairing Potyvirus papayas yield loss Racial Stocks Fusarium oxysporum

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Evaluation of Gray Leaf Spot Tolerant Genotypes from CIMMYT in the Highland Maize Production Eco-systems of Bhutan

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Journal of Life Sciences 2013年第5期7卷 443-452页

作者： Tirtha Bdr. Katwal Dorji Wangchuk Lhap Dorji Namgay Wangdi Rinzin Choney Renewable Natural Resources Research and Development Centre Wengkhar Mongar Bhutan Department of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Forests Thimphu Bhutan

Bhutan is a small landlocked country located in the eastern Himalayas. Over 69% of the population is engaged in agriculture. Rice, maize, wheat, barley, buckwheat and millets are the major cereal crops cultivated. Rice is the most preferred food crop of the Bhutanese. Maize is a primary food crop after rice and it ranks first among food crops in production. The cultivation ranges from less than 300 m asl （metres above sea level） nearly up to 2,800 m asl. In 2007, a new, extremely serious problem of GLS （gray leaf spot） in maize that was previously never reported in Bhutan was confirmed. This disease spread rapidly in the highland maize growing areas causing production losses of over 50% to 70%. All the maize varieties cultivated in the country were found to be highly susceptible to the disease. In order to contain this devastating disease, the national maize program drew short and long term strategies with the help of a CIMMYT Expert. As an immediate short term action to contain GLS, systemic fungicide Tilt 25 EC （active ingredient propiconazole） was supplied free of cost to the farmers. A longer term strategy pursued was the introduction, e＇valuation and selection of GLS tolerant genotypes for the highland ecosystem. Over 100 GLS tolerant genotypes vcere introduced from CIMMYT Colombia, Mexico, Zimbabwe and Nepal. These materials were initially evaluated in a disease hotspot sites and then further tested in multi-location trials in GLS affected areas across the country. Farmers were engaged for Participatory Variety Selection by organizing farmer＇s field days at the trial sites. Finally, in 2011 considering the need of GLS tolerant varieties for farmers, two GLS tolerant genotypes ICAV305 and S03TLYQAB05 were provisionally released. In the 2011 season, these two provisionally released genotypes were put under large scale demonstration in the GLS affected areas in nine districts across the country. In 2012, the two genotypes were formally released by the Technology

关键词： Gray leaf spot hotspot yield loss participatory variety selection community based seed production and seedreplacement.

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