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Molecular data resolve a new order of Arthoniomycetes sister to the primarily lichenized Arthoniales and composed of black yeasts, lichenicolous and rock-inhabiting species

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Fungal Diversity 2014年第3期66卷 113-137页

作者： Damien Ertz James D.Lawrey Ralph S.Common Paul Diederich Jardin botanique national de Belgique Domaine de BouchoutB-1860 MeiseBelgium Department of Environmental Science and Policy George Mason University4400 University DriveFairfaxVA 22030-4444USA 534 Fenton St LansingMI 48910USA P.Diederich Musée national d’histoire naturelle 25 rue MunsterL-2160 LuxembourgLuxembourg

Lichenicolous fungi belonging to the anamorphtypified genus Phaeosporobolus and to the teleomorph-typified genus Lichenostigma were isolated in pure culture or sequenced directly,with nuLSU and mtSSU sequences obtained.Phylogenetic analyses place the species of Phaeosporobolusin a strongly supported clade with the generic type of Lichenostigma(L.maureri),the genus Phaeococcomyces and several melanized rock-inhabiting isolates.This strongly supported nonlichenized lineage is sister to the primarily lichenized Arthoniales in the Arthoniomycetes and is here described as the Lichenostigmatales.The new order is characterized by cells multiplying by budding,either representing black yeasts,or species in which conidiomata and ascomata are entirely made of an organised agglomeration of spherical yeast-like cells.This way of life is not only very different from all other Arthoniomycetes that exist only in the mycelial stage,but ascomata and conidiomata representing a dense and organised agglomeration of yeast cells might be unique amongst fungi.A further difference with the Arthoniales is the absence of paraphysoids.Phylogenetic results suggest that Phaeosporobolus usneae is the asexual stage of Lichenostigma maureri.Most species of Phaeosporobolus are transferred to the genus Lichenostigma except P.trypethelii,for which the new genus Etayoa is described.The genus Diederimyces is reduced into synonymy with Lichenostigma.Several other members of Lichenostigma are placed in the Dothideomycetes and are intermixed with Lichenothelia species.

关键词： Anamorphic fungi Arthoniomycetes Dothideomycetes Lichenostigmatales Phaeococcomycetaceae yeasts

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Trends in yeast diversity discovery

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Fungal Diversity 2022年第3期114卷 491-537页

作者： Teun Boekhout Anthony S.Amend Fouad El Baidouri Toni Gabaldón József Geml Moritz Mittelbach Vincent Robert Chen Shuhui Tan Benedetta Turchetti Duong Vu Qi-Ming Wang Andrey Yurkov Westerdijk Institute of Fungal Biodiversity Uppsalalaan 83584CT UtrechtThe Netherlands Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystems Dynamics(IBED) University of AmsterdamSciencepark 9041098 XH AmsterdamThe Netherlands School of Life Sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa2538 McCarthy MallEdmonson 216HonoluluHI 96822USA Barcelona Supercomputing Centre(BSC-CNS) Jordi Girona2908034 BarcelonaSpain Institute for Research in Biomedicine(IRB Barcelona) The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBaldiri Reixac1008028 BarcelonaSpain Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies(ICREA) BarcelonaSpain MTA-EKE Lendület Environmental Microbiome Research Group Eszterházy Károly UniversityLeányka u.6.3300 EgerHungary Senate Department for the Environment Transport and Climate ProtectionBerlinGermany The yeasts Foundation UtrechtThe Netherlands Department of Agriculture Food and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly Industrial yeasts Collection DBVPG University of PerugiaPerugiaItaly College of Life Sciences Institute of Life Sciences and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaoding 071002HebeiChina Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures BrunswickGermany

yeasts,usually defined as unicellular fungi,occur in various fungal lineages.Hence,they are not a taxonomic unit,but rather represent a fungal lifestyle shared by several unrelated lineages.Although the discovery of new yeast species occurs at an increasing speed,at the current rate it will likely take hundreds of years,if ever,before they will all be documented.Many parts of the earth,including many threatened habitats,remain unsampled for yeasts and many others are only superficially studied.Cold habitats,such as glaciers,are home to a specific community of cold-adapted yeasts,and,hence,there is some urgency to study such environments at locations where they might disappear soon due to anthropogenic climate change.The same is true for yeast communities in various natural forests that are impacted by deforestation and forest conversion.Many countries of the so-called Global South have not been sampled for yeasts,despite their economic promise.However,extensive research activity in Asia,especially China,has yielded many taxonomic novelties.Comparative genomics stud-ies have demonstrated the presence of yeast species with a hybrid origin,many of them isolated from clinical or industrial environments.DNA-metabarcoding studies have demonstrated the prevalence,and in some cases dominance,of yeast species in soils and marine waters worldwide,including some surprising distributions,such as the unexpected and likely common presence of Malassezia yeasts in marine habitats.

关键词： yeasts Ascomycota Basidiomycota Diversity CBD Nagoya protocol Soil DNA-metabarcoding Marine Malassezia Cold environments China

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Isolation and Identification of Indigenous yeasts from “<i>Rabilé</i>”, a Starter Culture Used for Production of Traditional Beer “<i>dolo</i>”, a Condiment in Burkina Faso

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Advances in Microbiology 2019年第7期9卷 646-655页

作者： Iliassou Mogmenga Yerobessor Dadire Marius K.Somda Ibrahim Keita Lewis I.Ezeogu Jerry Ugwuanyi Alfred S.Traore Laboratory of Biotechnology for Food and Nutritional Sciences Research Center in Biological Food and Nutrition Sciences(CRSBAN)Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity Ouaga I Pr Josph KY-ZERBOOuagadougouBurkina Faso Department of Microbiology Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology Faculty of Sciences and TechniquesUniversity of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of BamakoBamakoMali

Rabilé is a ferment of dolo, a traditional sorghum beer of Burkina Faso and it is harvested at the end of dolo fermentation process. It is a significant source of proteins and it is used like a condiment and food seasoning by some communities. The present study characterized and identified the yeasts isolated from Rabilé. A total of 70 samples were collected from 7 localities of Burkina Faso with dolo sellers according to the ethnic groups. The aerobic mesophilic flora count from Rabilé varied from 8.34 ± 0.72 to 10.07 ± 0.51 log10 CFU·g-1 and yeast varied from 7.24 to 8.28 log10 UFC·g-1. Based on morphological, cultural, sexual and biochemical (carbon and nitrogen assimilation) profiles, 50 yeast strains were identified and found to belong to 4 genera and 7 species. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was found as most predominant yeasts species of yeast in of Rabilé with 64 %, Rhodotorula muciloginosa, (8%), Candida pseudorhangii (6%), Candida heliconiae (12%), Candida utilis (4%), Shizosaccharomyces pombe (4%) and Sporobolomyces odoratus (2%). This activity has been carried out in the Laboratory of Biotechnology for Food and Nutritional Sciences, University Ouaga I Pr Josph KY-ZERBO, Burkina Faso, and it was done from June to October 2018.

关键词： Rabilé dolo yeasts Saccharomyces cere-visiae Burkina Faso

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Fungal contamination of stored automobile-fuels in a tropical environment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第10期22卷 1595-1601页

作者： Carlos E.Rodríguez-Rodríguez Evelyn Rodríguez Rigoberto Blanco Ivannia Cordero Daniel Segura Research Center in Tropical Diseases and Laboratory of Research in Anaerobic Bacteriology Faculty of MicrobiologyUniversity of Costa Rica Department of Chemical Engineering School of EngineeringAutonomous University of Barcelona Research Center in Electrochemistry and Chemical Energy University of Costa Rica

Because of the lack of reports, the base levels of microbial contamination on stored fuels are unknown in tropical regions and it is unclear whether these levels have some influence on fuel quality parameters. Therefore, fungal quality in automobile fuels stored across Costa Rican territory was evaluated during two years according to the standard ASTM D6974-04. For a total of 96 samples, counts and identification of molds and yeasts were performed on regular gas, premium gas and diesel taken from the bottom and superior part of the container tanks. The highest contamination was found on the bottom of the tanks, where an aqueous phase was usually identified, showing populations over the ones present in the hydrocarbon itself （up to 108 CFU/L）. Diesel was the most contaminated fuel （up to 107 CFO/L）; however, an alteration on the physicochemical parameters was not observed in any kind of fuel. Seventy-five mold strains were isolated, Penicillium sp. being the most common genus （45.8% of the samples）, and ten yeast strains, from the genera Candida sp. and Rhodotorula sp. Four of the yeasts were able to grow on diesel as the sole carbon source, at concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 25%. Increasing the frequency of tank cleaning, adding antimicrobial agents and monitoring microbial populations are recommended strategies to improve microbial quality of stored fuels.

关键词： fuel microbial contamination biodegradation molds yeasts

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Efflux seems to be a general mechanism to resist tetracycline in the yeasts and possibly the moulds

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2016年第7期4卷 564-567页

作者： Sanjay Sahay Department of Botany Government Postgraduate CollegeBiaoraMPIndia

Objective:To isolate yeasts and moulds from selected natural systems and study the effect of tetracycline(Tet)on them so as to generate comprehensive data for further elucidation of transfer or evolutionary development of Tet resistance in general and in these lower eukaryotes in particular.Methods:A total of 139 natural yeasts have been isolated from various ecosystems on potato dextrose agar medium.These along with model yeasts and selected natural and model moulds have been tested for their responses to Tet at various concentrations added to the growth media.The effluxed materials were obtained by vortexing and centrifugation of cells and tested against sensitive bacterium.Results:It was found that Tet efflux was a general feature of natural yeasts and filamentous fungi(moulds)could resist Tet upto a concentration of 5 mg/mL.However,at a very high concentration(10 mg/mL)neither the yeasts nor the moulds could grow indicating that Tet is toxic for these eukaryotes at very high concentrations.The presence of Tet in the medium exaggerates filamentation in all the hyphal forming yeasts.Conclusions:The results suggest efflux as the general mechanism of Tet-resistance in yeasts and moulds possibly acquired from bacteria via horizontal transfer.

关键词： yeasts Moulds Tet resistance Efflux of Tet Tet-assay

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SLOW WALKER3,Encoding a Putative DEAD-box RNA Helicase,is Essential for Female Gametogenesis in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第9期52卷 817-828页

作者： Man Liu Dong-Qiao Shi Li Yuan Jie Liu Wei-Cai Yang Key Laboratoryof Molecular and Developmental Biology National Centre for Plant Gene Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

RNA helicases are adenosine tri-phosphatases that unwind the secondary structures of RNAs and are required in almost any aspect of RNA metabolism. They are highly conserved from prokaryotic to eukaryotic organisms. However, their precise roles in plant physiology and development remain to be clarified. Here we report that the mutation in the gene SLOW WALKER3 （SWA3） results in the slow and retarded progression of mitosis during megagametogenesis in Arabidopsis. SWA3 is a putative RNA helicase of the DEAD-box subfamily. Mutant megagametophyte development is arrested at fouror eight-nucleate stages, furthermore, one of the synergids in about half of the mutant embryo sacs displays abnormal polarity, with its nucleus locating at the chalazal end, instead of the micropylar end in the wild-type. Transmission of the mutation through female gametophytes is severely reduced in swa3. However, a small portion of mutant embryo sacs are able to develop into mature and functional female gametophytes when pollination was postponed. The SWA3 in Arabidopsis is a homolog of Dbp8 in yeast. Dbp8 interacts with Efs2 and is essential for biogenesis of 18S rRNA in yeast. Our data suggest that SWA3 may form a complex with AtEfs2 and take roles in ribosomal biogenesis as RNA helicase during megagametogenesis in Arabidopsis.

关键词： RNA Mutation Females yeasts Mutants Arabidopsis

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Rice OsRAD21-2 is Expressed in Actively Dividing Tissues and its Ectopic Expression in Yeast Results in Aberrant Cell Division and Growth

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第1期53卷 14-24页

作者： Chunyan Gong Tang Li Qi Li Longfeng Yan Tai Wang Research Center forMolecular &-Deveiopmental Biology Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis & Environmental Molecular Physiology Institute of Botany. the Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research Beijing 100093 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beiiina 100049 China

Rad21 and its meiotic counterpart Rec8, the key components of the cohesin complex, are essential for sister chromatid cohesion and chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis, respectively. In contrast to yeast and vertebrates, which have only two RAD211REC8 genes, the rice genome encodes four Rad21/Rec8 proteins. Here, we report on the cloning and characterization of OsRAD21-2 from rice （Oryza sativa L.）. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length amino acids showed that OsRad21-2 was grouped into the plant-specific Rad21 subfamily. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed OsRAD21-2 preferentially expressed in premeiotic flowers. Further RNA in situ hybridization analysis and promoter：：β-glucuronidase staining indicated that OsRAD21-2 was mainly expressed in actively dividing tissues including premeiotic stamen, stem intercalary meristem, leaf meristem, and root pericycle. Ectopic expression of OsRAD21.2 in fission yeast resulted in cell growth delay and morphological abnormality. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the OsRAD21-2.expressed cells were arrested in G2 phase. Our results suggest that OsRad21-2 functions in regulation of cell division and growth.

关键词： Genomes Meristems Growth Hybridization Rice Cells Lymphocytes yeasts

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Fermented liquid feed for pigs： an ancient technique for the future

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第1期7卷 1-9页

作者： Joris AM Missotten Joris Michiels Jeroen Degroote Stefaan De Smet Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality Department of Animal ProductionGhent UniversityGhentBelgium Department of Applied Biosciences Ghent UniversityValentin Vaerwyckweg 1B-9000 GhentBelgium

Fermented liquid feed is feed that has been mixed with water at a ratio ranging from 1：1.5 to 1：4. By mixing with water lactic acid bacteria and yeasts naturally occurring in the feed proliferate and produce lactic acid, acetic acid and ethano which reduces the pH of the mixture. This reduction in pH inhibits pathogenic organisms from developing in the feed. In addition, when this low pH mixture is fed, it reduces the pH in the stomach of pigs and prevents the proliferation of pathogens such as coliforms and Salmonella in the gastrointestinal tract. For piglets, the use of fermented liquid feed offers the possibility of simultaneously providing feed and water, which may facilitate an easier transition from sow＇s milk to solid feed. Secondly, offering properly produced fermented liquid feed may strengthen the role of the stomach as the first line of defense against possible pathogenic infections by lowering the pH in the gastrointestinal tract thereby helping to exclude enteropathogens. Finally, feeding fermented liquid feed to pigs has been shown to improve the performance of suckling pigs, weaner pigs and growing-finishing pigs. In this review, current knowledge about the use of fermented liquid feed in pig diets will be discussed. This will include a discussion of the desirable properties of fermented liquid feed and factors affecting fermentation. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of fermented liquid feed will be discussed including its effects on gastrointestinal health, intestinal pH and the types of bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract as well as the effects of fermented liquid feeds on pig performance.

关键词： Fermented liquid feed Lactobacillus spp Pigs Probiotics yeasts

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Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Profile of Wine Lees of Red Wines from Local Grapes Varieties

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第11期14卷 1133-1148页

作者： Ana Chioru Natalia Chiselita Natalia Suhodol Alina Boiştean Aurica Chirsanova Department of Food and Nutrition Chisinau Republic of Moldova Technical University of Moldova Chisinau Republic of Moldova Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology Chisinau Republic of Moldova

In the Republic of Moldova, the viticulture industry is a sector with a high economic impact, and the utilization of secondary products from winemaking represents a growing concern regarding environmental sustainability. Wine lees, one of the types of wine waste, is less studied in order to valorize it. Currently it is used in the production of ethyl alcohol, as aggregates in the soil and others. The aim of this study was to characterize from a physico-chemical and microbiological point of view the lees sediments obtained after the primary fermentation of three types of individualized red wines made from autochthonous grapes varieties. It was found that residual yeasts represent a valuable raw material containing carbohydrates (from 14.35% ± 0.19% to 25.11% ± 1.51% SU), lipids (from 4.61% ± 0.21% to 9.41% ± 2.04% SU), proteins (from 42.62% ± 1.57% to 77.62% ± 9.14% SU), anthocyanins (from 9.18 ± 0.15 to 22.78 ± 1.60 mg cianid) and beta-glucans (from 12.84% ± 0.01% to 17.42% ± 0.02%). The pH value of wine lees ranges from 3.49 ± 0.0 to 3.083 ± 0.01, the dry matter from 9.62% ± 0.22% to 25.06% ± 0.42% and the ash from 0.03% ± 0.42% to 0.035% ± 0.21%. The microbiological study confirmed the presence of live yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which remain active due to the presence of residual sugars and oxygen. The results of the research are promising and encourage the obtaining of new products with special purpose and added value.

关键词： Red Wines Wine Lees yeasts By-Products Winemaking

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Process optimization of benzo[ghi]perylene biodegradation by yeast consortium in presence of ZnO nanoparticles and produced biosurfactant using Box-Behnken design

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Frontiers in Biology 2018年第6期13卷 418-424页

作者： Sanjeeb Kumar Mandal Nupur Ojha Nilanjana Das Bioremediation Laboratory Department of Bio-Medieal SciencesSchool of Bio Sciences and TechnologyVIT (Vellore Institute of Technology)Vellore-632014Tamil NaduIndia

Benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) containing six fused benzene rings is considered as priority pollutant because of its carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and acute toxicity. The synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was done following the standard method. Biosurfactant production by yeast consortium YC04 in MSM was confirmed by various tests viz. drop collapse test, methylene blue agar plate method and emulsification test (E24) using the standard procedures. Efficiency of YC04 was tested to remediate BghiP in presence of ZnO nanoparticles and produced biosurfactant in the growth medium. Response surface methodology (RSM), 3-level five variables Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the factors viz. pH 7.0, temperature 30°C, shaking speed 130 rpm, inoculum dosage 3% and ZnO nanoparticles concentration 2 g/L after a period of 6 days of incubation for the enhanced degradation of BghiP (63.83±0.01%). It was well in close agreement with the predicated value obtained by RSM model yield (63.83±0.08%). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed F-value of 51.70, R2 of 0.9764, probability of<0.0001 and coefficient of variation of 1.25% confirmed the validity of the model. Degradation of BghiP was assessed using GC-MS and FTIR analysis. Kinetic study demonstrated that BghiP degradation fitted first order kinetic model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on process optimization toward nanobioremediation of BghiP using yeast consortium in presence of ZnO nanoparticles and produced biosurfactant in medium.

关键词： biodegradation bioremediation optimization pollutants yeasts

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