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Education and Employment （2005-2009） A Comparative Analysis Between the Spanish and Foreign working population

Chinese Business Review 2012年第4期11卷 411-423页

作者： Ma Olga Gonzalez Morales Flora Ma Diaz Perez Jose Antonio Alvarez Gonzalez University of La Laguna S/C Tenerife Spain

Spain became a net receiver country of a high number of foreigners entering the labour market in the first decade of the 21 st century. The ensuing economic crisis, beginning in 2007, led to the destruction of a large number of companies and jobs. The objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between educational level, employment and economic activity, in the Spanish and foreign working population in the Spanish labour market and the impact that the economic crisis is having on employment and self-employment. The hypotheses considered have been as followed--HI： The economic crisis mainly affects the less educated working population, both Spanish and foreign; H2： Self-employment is characterized by being an initiative of a working population with low educational levels for both population groups （Spanish and foreign）; H3： Employment is related to the productive economic structure. Micro-data from the Labour Force Survey 2009 （EPA in Spanish） has been used, compiled by Spains National Statistics Office （INE in Spanish）, and it has been applied Multiple Correspondence Analysis （MCA） to detect possible associations among the study variables （nationality, level of education, salaried employment, self-employment and economic activity）. The results show significant differences between both groups： Spanish and foreign working population. The study also shows how the crisis affects employment, and the important role played by the educational level of the working population, especially foreigners employed in certain economic activities.

关键词： working population nationality salaried employment self-employed level of education activity sector economic crisis

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Doubling over ten years of central obesity in Hong Kong Chinese working men

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Chinese Medical Journal 2007年第13期120卷 1151-1154页

作者： KO Gary Tin-choi CHAN Juliana CHAN Amy WONG Patrick HUI Stanley CHOW Ferrie TONG Spencer CHAN Cecilia Department of Medicine Alice HML Nethersole HospitalHong Kong SAR China The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SARChina Hong Kong Hospital Authority Hong Kong SARChina The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SARChina

Obesity is now an epidemic in most parts of the world. In this cross sectional study, we report the most recent data on obesity in Hong Kong Chinese working population and compare the changes over 10 years. Methods Between July 2000 and March 2002, 5882 adult subjects from the working class in Hong Kong were recruited （2716 men （46.2%） and 3166 women （53.8%））. They were randomly selected using computer generated codes according to the distribution of occupational groups. Results of this study were compared with the data collected from a prevalence survey for cardiovascular risk factors in a Hong Kong Chinese working population conducted in 1990 （1513 subjects, 910 men （60.1%） and 603 women （39.9%））. Results Standardized percentages of overweight, obesity, and central obesity, in Hong Kong Chinese working population were 59.7%, 35.0%, 26.7% in men and 32.0%, 21.7%, 26.7% in women. Compared to the data collected in 1990, the percentage of obesity increased by 5% in men and reduced by 6% in women. The percentage of central obesity doubled in men （from 12.2% to 26.7%） but remained stable in women.Conclusions There is a doubling of the percentage of central obesity in Hong Kong Chinese working men over previous decade. Education and proper lifestyle modification program to tackle this social health issue are urgently indicated.

关键词： obesity prevalence Hong Kong Chinese working population health promotion

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双重边界视角下乡镇人口收缩的精准识别与特征分析

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地理 2024年第4期

作者：张学良潘婷

文章以黄河流域乡镇为研究对象，以“六普”“七普”、空间遥感和相关经济社会统计数据为支撑，提出一种在行政边界(广义)和经济边界(狭义)双重视角下的收缩识别方法，对黄河流域乡镇人口收缩进行精准界定，进而分析人口收缩的空间格局... 详细信息

文章以黄河流域乡镇为研究对象，以“六普”“七普”、空间遥感和相关经济社会统计数据为支撑，提出一种在行政边界(广义)和经济边界(狭义)双重视角下的收缩识别方法，对黄河流域乡镇人口收缩进行精准界定，进而分析人口收缩的空间格局和特征。研究发现：①2010-2020年黄河流域发生了严重的乡镇收缩现象，76.82％的乡镇发生广义收缩，45.65％的乡镇发生狭义收缩，其中2629个乡镇同时发生广义收缩和狭义收缩，即真正意义上的收缩，占比36.42％。②收缩乡镇的分布呈现出不均衡性，以黄河“几字湾”的西北侧和东侧为主，基本形成了集中连片的分布态势，其中河南省收缩乡镇占比最高。③从空间自相关性看，黄河流域收缩乡镇具有显著的空间集聚特征，低—低集聚区和高—高集聚区的乡镇数量占比分别为37.58％和19.25％。④相比于非收缩乡镇，收缩乡镇劳动年龄人口减少更快，老龄化程度更严重、抚养压力更大、人口红利更少。⑤收缩乡镇在工业企业、规模以上工业企业和综合商店或超市数量的高值区间内远远低于非收缩乡镇，呈现出发展分异。⑥收缩更容易发生在人口规模较小的乡镇；资源型城市内的乡镇比非资源型城市内的乡镇人口收缩程度严重；城市群内的乡镇比城市群外的乡镇人口流失更严重。

关键词：人口收缩乡镇黄河流域经济边界行政边界老龄化劳动人口 population shrinkage townships Yellow River basin economic boundaries administrative boundary aging working population

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