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Employment and working Hour Effects of Minimum Wage Increase:Evidence from China

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China & World Economy 2014年第2期22卷 61-80页

作者： Peng Jia Institute of Population and Labor Economics Chinese Academy of Social Science

Using a difference-in-differences model, the present paper provides empirical evidence of minimum wage effects on employment and working hours in China. The results show that male employment is not affected by a minimum wage increase, although men ＂s working hours do increase. In contrast, female employment is more likely to be negatively affected by a minimum wage increase, while their working hours remain unchanged. This may lead to women being in a more disadvantaged position in the workforee, and adopting a monthly minimum wage may induce firms to extend men＇s working hours. Therefore, to better protect disadvantaged workers, we suggest that minimum wage regulation should focus on the target group of less-educated women, and that a unified minimum hourly wage needs to be set for both full-time and part-time workers. Meanwhile, the importance of human capital accumulation shouM be addressed in alleviating the negative effects of minimum wage increases.

关键词： difference-in-differences model employment minimum wage working hours

A Wireless Video Capsule Endoscopy System: Design and Realization

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2015年第6期20卷 649-653页

作者：朱柄全颜国正刘刚徐文铭 Institute of Precise Engineering and Intelligent Microsystems Shanghai Jiaotong University

Wireless capsule endoscopy(CE), an image inspection technique, has been an important advancement in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal(GI) tract diseases. A video capsule endoscopy(VCE) system is analyzed in this study. A complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS) analog image sensor is adopted, and other illumination, communication and energy modules are designed for functional realization. Measuring only φ11 mm ×25 mm, the VCE has a total power consumption of 52.5 m W, which enables it to work continuously for 8 h. The in vivo experiment on a living pig indicates that a clear video with high frame rate of 30 f/s can be obtained.

关键词： video capsule endoscopy(VCE) frame rate working hours in vivo experiment

Labor Inputs and Productivity in Chinese Industries:2000-2018

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China Finance and Economic Review 2022年第1期11卷 24-47页

作者： Menggen Chen Yuanyuan Hou School of Statistics Beijing Normal University

Under the framework of growth accounting,this paper introduces four heterogeneity characteristics of labor,namely,educational level,age,gender and industry,constructs a cross classification matrix of employment,labor compensation and working hours,and calculates the labor input(volume)of the whole country and of 19 industries during *** it decomposes the volume into quantity and quality parts to analyze the total amount of labor input and the performance of industry labor *** results are as ***,during the research period,the annual growth rate of labor input was 2.5%,and 78.8%of that came from the growth of labor input *** growth of labor input was mainly resulted from the improvement of educational level and the optimization of industrial ***,in 2018,the proportions of labor input of the primary,secondary and tertiary sectors were 13.76%,31.06%and 55.18%respectively,and the transfer speed of labor input to the secondary and tertiary sectors was higher than that of the quantity structure;the labor input volume in the new economy and related industries in the tertiary sector has been greatly ***,the index method-based labor productivity(ILP)of some producer service and consumer service industries was relatively low,and the growth of total industry output mainly attributed to the increase of labor input and the expansion of industrial *** improvement of labor input quality has become the key to the growth of labor input in China,and the improvement of educational level is the core power to improve the labor input quality.

关键词： labor input volume labor input quality labor productivity total employment working hours

Long Work hours and Work-Life Balance in Korea and Japan

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Sociology Study 2014年第10期4卷 844-858页

作者： Jik-Soo Kim Jik-Soo Kim 3rd Floor 387-3 Dangsan-dong 3-gaYeoungdeungpo-gu Seoul 150-804 South Korea

This study examines long work hours and work-life balance in relation to wage level, workaholism, and consumerism in both Korea and Japan. Findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the hypothesis that the wages and working hours have positive but differential effects depending on wage level categories are supported. Second, effects of cultural factors, such as workaholism and consumerism, on long work hours, however, are not significant in both countries. Third, for Korean manual workers, the probability of working long hours is high, but the level of time scarcity is low; but the effect of union membership on long work hours is not significant in both Korea and Japan. Fourth, the hypothesis that negative effects of long work hours and time scarcity on satisfaction with work-life balance are supported. These findings suggest that an increase in wage for non-regular workers and a minimum wage are required to reduce working hours. In addition, they also suggest that reducing working hours, overtime work in particular, and wage gap are crucial to raising the level of satisfaction with work-life balance in both Korea and Japan.

关键词： working hours wage workaholism consumerism work-life balance

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工作时间的法理重述及规范构造

经济法学、劳动法学

经济法学、劳动法学 2022年第4期

作者：王天玉

工作时间具有多义性并对应不同的法律效力。在学理上，工作时间认定存在“实际劳动说”与“指挥命令说”，我国大陆地区司法事实上采取了“实际劳动说”，将不符合劳动给付要求的值班等时间归入工作与休息之间的第三类时间。而“指挥命... 详细信息

工作时间具有多义性并对应不同的法律效力。在学理上，工作时间认定存在“实际劳动说”与“指挥命令说”，我国大陆地区司法事实上采取了“实际劳动说”，将不符合劳动给付要求的值班等时间归入工作与休息之间的第三类时间。而“指挥命令说”在劳动形态日益灵活多元的趋势下也面临解释力不足的困境。因此，应引入“劳动解放法理”，以“劳动者可依自己之目的充分利用时间”为标准，划定工作与休息的时间分界，排除第三类时间。判断劳动者是否获得解放之状态，可适用饮酒测试的分析方法，旨在具象化劳动者是否负有保持劳动力之义务。在工作时间定性基础上可进行类型化，根据劳动强度和“业务遂行性”分为正常工作时间与非正常工作时间，前者受劳动基准法上标准工时的强制规范，后者可由劳雇双方协商后报劳动行政主管部门审批，以基准强制与约定审批相结合的路径实现工作时间的规范。

关键词：工作时间业务遂行性劳动基准指挥命令 working hours Performance of Work Labor Standards Command and Order

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出口冲击、技能差异与劳动时间结构

国际贸易研究 2023年第8期

作者：叶迪史青

本文通过构建Bartik形式的出口需求冲击，分析了出口对不同技能工作者劳动时间结构的影响。研究发现：出口需求冲击使得非技术相对于技术劳动者的工作时长缩短，夜间劳动强度减小，因此出口贸易自由化在劳动时间结构上缩小了两类劳动者... 详细信息

本文通过构建Bartik形式的出口需求冲击，分析了出口对不同技能工作者劳动时间结构的影响。研究发现：出口需求冲击使得非技术相对于技术劳动者的工作时长缩短，夜间劳动强度减小，因此出口贸易自由化在劳动时间结构上缩小了两类劳动者的福利差距。进一步研究表明，不同技能劳动者对出口需求冲击反应的不一致是贸易自由化下劳动时间结构变化的重要来源，且这种不一致可归结为个体劳动者劳动时间供给的差异。

关键词：出口劳动时长夜间劳动强度 export shock working hours night shift

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子女教育投入对女性劳动参与的影响研究

教育学 2022年第3期

作者：陈芷凡

改革开放以来我国女性劳动参与率下降的原因一直是许多学者研究的重点。基于中国家庭追踪调查数据，文章使用OLS模型和Probit模型首次研究中国社会背景下子女教育投入对女性劳动参与的影响，并使用工具变量法解决了可能存在的内生性问... 详细信息

改革开放以来我国女性劳动参与率下降的原因一直是许多学者研究的重点。基于中国家庭追踪调查数据，文章使用OLS模型和Probit模型首次研究中国社会背景下子女教育投入对女性劳动参与的影响，并使用工具变量法解决了可能存在的内生性问题。实证结果表明，在子女教育投入对女性劳动参与的影响中收入效应占主导，即子女教育投入的增加会使女性增加劳动供给。

关键词：教育投入女性劳动参与率劳动时间 education investment female labor force participation rate working hours

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劳动关系认定的理论澄清与规范建构

经济法学、劳动法学

经济法学、劳动法学 2024年第3期

作者：朱军

揭示个别劳动关系认定的指导思想“为资方劳动丧失自主经营的可能”并以此为分析主线，可使诸多争议迎刃而解。从属性理论层面，人格、经济和组织三大从属性统合于劳动从属性。劳动从属性的本质是资方通过指令管理使劳动者丧失自主经营... 详细信息

揭示个别劳动关系认定的指导思想“为资方劳动丧失自主经营的可能”并以此为分析主线，可使诸多争议迎刃而解。从属性理论层面，人格、经济和组织三大从属性统合于劳动从属性。劳动从属性的本质是资方通过指令管理使劳动者丧失自主经营的可能，与劳动者人格无关。经济从属性应被区分为“生存依赖性”和“为资方劳动”两种类型，两者实则为劳动从属性必然导致的双重经济结果，均不必且不宜作为核心标准。“受指令约束”和“为资方劳动”的组织从属性可分别归入其他两大属性而无独立必要。应以此为指导构建劳动关系认定由主观到客观标准的规范。劳资通过合意订立劳动合同建立劳动关系，但法官应谨遵事实优先原则，以劳动从属性为客观核心标准审查实际履行为断。立足于指导思想，法官须甄选和评价所有涉及和保障指令管理的因素综合认定劳动关系。工作时间在所有管理因素中权重最高，其他约束工作履行的因素均围绕和服务于高效支配利用劳动力时间展开。

关键词：劳动关系认定丧失自主经营的可能劳动从属性劳动管理工作时间 employment relationship determination loss of probability of entrepreneurial independence labor subordination labor management working hours

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民国社会对“八小时制”的认知与实践

工会工作 2024年第1期

作者：封磊

学界对新形势下工时形态的研究渐成热点，但对作为新工时基础的八小时制在近代的认知形态与实施情况的研究还有待完善。本研究首先重点考察八小时标准工时在近代中国的认知形态，其次以民国时期天津宝成纱厂改行三八制为典型案例，论析... 详细信息

学界对新形势下工时形态的研究渐成热点，但对作为新工时基础的八小时制在近代的认知形态与实施情况的研究还有待完善。本研究首先重点考察八小时标准工时在近代中国的认知形态，其次以民国时期天津宝成纱厂改行三八制为典型案例，论析实践八小时制的具体过程，最后从作为社会文化事件的宝成纱厂改行三八制的失败之因，近代中国八小时制法制实践的差异性，以及作为政治文化遗产的“五一”等三个层面论析八小时制的全球价值。

关键词：工作时间八小时工作制三八制宝成纱厂 working hours eight-hour working day three-eight system Baocheng Yarn Factory