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Epidemiological study of elderly constipation in Beijing

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第47期21卷 13368-13373页

作者： Mei Zhang Xiao-jiao Yang Hong-Ming Zhu Zhe Tang Bang-Yi Li Dan-Dan Zhao Department of Gastroenterology Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University McGill University

AIM: To investigate the present situation of elderly constipation in urban and rural areas of the Beijing region.METHODS: A total of 1942 cases(≥ 60 years) were selected in the Beijing region for investigation. Constipation-related data collection was carried out via hierarchical status, segmentation, and random cluster sampling. Patient data concerning constipation-related demographic indicators, education level, occupation, economic status, and history of gastrointestinal disease was obtained via questionnaires and surveys. Constipation was defined according to the Rome Ⅲ criteria, with the following constipation judgment indicators: defecation less than 3 times per week, stool weight less than 35 g/d, dry and hard stool, and difficulty in defecating during more than 25% of evacuation attempts.RESULTS: Of the 1942 cases, 634 were diagnosed with constipation, and the total prevalence rate was 32.6%, which increased with age. There was a statistically insignificantly higher prevalence of constipation in females(compared to males) and urban areas(compared to rural areas). There was a statistically insignificantly higher prevalence in the illiterate group compared to the literacy group. Those engaged in mental work suffered from statistically significantly higher constipation prevalence than those engaged in physical labor. A total of 1847 cases did not suffer from gastritis, of which 595 cases were constipated; although the prevalence rate was 32.2%, showing a higher incidence of constipation in patients with gastritis, no significant statistical difference between the two groups was found. A total of 59 cases with a past history of biliary tract disease were found, of which 26 had constipation; constipation prevalence was 44.1%(far higher than other groups), which was a statistically significant difference.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of elderly constipation in the B eijing region closely resembles Western countries, and is significantly affected by region, age, and past history of other related illnesses.

关键词： Key words: constipation Elderly Epidemiology Prevalence Factors

Hot Property of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and its Compatibility with Zingiberis Rhizoma Based on Animal Temperature Tropism

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2012年第4期4卷 -页

作者： SUN Zhi-yong1 1. Integrative Medicine Center of 302 Military Hospital China Military Institute of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing 100039 China 2. Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610075 China 3. Animal Laboratory Center 302 Hospital of PLA China

Abstract: Objective To establish an objective method for evaluating the intrinsic characteristics between hot and cold properties of herbal drugs and to study the hot property of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (ALRP) and its compatibility with Zingiberis Rhizoma (ZR) on animal temperature tropism. Methods The equipment with cold/hot pads was used to investigate the variety of temperature tropism among mice treated by ALRP and its compatibility with ZR. Meanwhile, the activities of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), total anti-oxidant capability (T-AOC), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) were measured. Results Compared with the homologous ALRP group, the compatibility between ALRP and ZR (AZ) had a stronger action against the decreasing of remaining rate on hot pad (P < 0.05), suggesting an enhancement of cold tropism. Meanwhile, the internal indexes of Na+-K+-ATPase activity, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity, and oxygen consuming volume increased significantly (P < 0.05), suggesting an enhancement of energy metabolism. The changes of T-AOC and T-SOD activity suggested that AZ reinforced the anti-oxidative capability of mice. In addition, it could be inferred from cluster analysis that the activity of AZ was concretely stronger than that of homologous ALRP. Conclusion ALRP and ZR are both herbs with hot property, but AZ has an enhanced trend of hot property. This external behavior of cold tropism and the internal activity of energy metabolism and anti-oxidant might reflect the internal hot property in an intuitive and objective way. The changes of ATPase activity of liver tissue might be the mechanism of drug action.

关键词： Key words: Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata animal temperature tropism clustering analysis compatibility Zingiberis Rhizoma

China’s financial conundrum and global imbalances

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China Economist 2009年第4期4卷 65-77页

作者： Ronald Mckinnon Gunther Schnabl Professor of International Economics at Stanford University Professor of International Economics at Leipzig University

China’s financial conundrum arises from two sources: (1) its large trade (saving) surplus results in a currency mismatch because it is an immature creditor that cannot lend in its own currency. Instead foreign currency claims (largely dollars) build up within domestic financial institutions. And (2) economists – both American and Chinese – mistakenly attribute the surpluses to an undervalued renminbi. To placate the United States, the result is a gradual appreciation of the renminbi against the dollar of 6% or more per year. This predictable appreciation since 2004, and the fall in US interest rates since mid 2007, not only attracts hot money inflows but inhibits private capital outflows from financing China’s huge trade surplus. This one-way bet in the foreign exchange markets can no longer be offset by relatively low interest rates in China compared to the United States, as had been the case in 2005-06. Thus, the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) now must intervene heavily to prevent the renminbi from ratcheting upwards – and so becomes the country’s sole international financial intermediary. Despite massive efforts by the PBOC to sterilize the monetary consequences of the reserve buildup, inflation in China is increasing, with excess liquidity that spills over into the world economy. China has been transformed from a deflationary force on American and European price levels into an inflationary one. Because of the currency mismatch, floating the RMB is neither feasible nor desirable – and a higher RMB would not reduce China’s trade surplus. Instead, monetary control and normal private-sector finance for the trade surplus require a return to a credibly fixed nominal yuan/dollar rate similar to that which existed between 1995 and 2004. But for any newly reset yuan/dollar rate to be credible as a monetary anchor, foreign "China bashing" to get the RMB up must end. Currency stabilization would allow the PBOC to regain monetary control and quash inflation. Only then can the Chinese government take decisive steps to redu

关键词： China Finance RMB Exchange Rate Global Imbalances Key words: China finance RMB exchange rate global imbalances

United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/C.2/54/L.44 on International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction: successor arrangements (26 November 1999)

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Natural Disaster Reduction in China 2000年第2期 23-25页

TheGeneralAssembly,Recallingitsresolutions44236of22December1989,4922Aof2December1994,4922Bof20December1994and53185of15December1998,andreiteratingEconomicandSocialCouncilresolution199963of30July1999onthesuccessorarrang... 详细信息

关键词： Key words: resolution A/C.2/54/L.44 successor arrangements

Destruction and Redemption in Seize the Day

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海外英语 2014年第5X期 197-199页

作者： QIAN Jun College of International Studies Southwest University

In the novella Seize the Day Saul Bellow compacts the significance of the whole life of a person into one day’s experience.In just one day the protagonist experiences despair and obtains redemption.The force of destruction causing one to the despair situation interweaves with that of redemption producing hope.With effort one can recognize his or her true self and survive the absurd and crazy world and lead a new spiritual life without burdens of secular confusions.

关键词： Kew words: Destruction Redemption Seize the Day

Smashing Tissue Extraction of Active Saponins from Different Parts of Panax notoginseng and HPLC Determination

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2012年第4期4卷 -页

作者： SHI Sheng-ming1 1. Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110006 China 2. Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research Tianjin 300193 China3. Bio-Organic and Natural Product Laboratory MRC 311 McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School 115 Mill Street Belmont MA 02478 USA 4. Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100193 China5. Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery Ministry of Education Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China

Objective To optimize the extraction technology used for extracting active saponins from the roots, fibrous roots, basal part of stems, root verrucae, fruits, flowers, stems, and leaves of Panax notoginseng based on the contents of ginsengsides Rg1, Rb1, and notoginsengside R1 as evaluation indexes. Methods Different parts of P. notoginseng were extracted by smashing tissue extraction (STE), ultrasound extraction, and reflux extraction. The contents of ginsengsides Rg1, Rb1, and notoginsengside R1 in 24 kinds of extracts were determined by HPLC-UV. Hypersil C18 column (200 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and acetonitrile-warter (20:80 for 30 min→45:55 for 18 min→70:30 for 2 min→80:20 for 10 min→100:0) were used; UV detector was set at 203 nm; The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL/min. Results STE was the most efficient technology with the highest yield of active saponins among the three tested extraction technologies. Conclusion STE is a fast, effective, and economical method to extract the active saponins from different parts of P. notoginseng. It could significantly shorten the extraction time and simplify the determination of the pre-processing work on identifying P. notoginseng. Such quick and effective extraction provides a powerful tool for analyzing P. notoginseng in the future.

关键词： Key words: ginsengside Rb1 ginsengside Rg1 HPLC notoginsengside R1 Panax notoginseng smashing tissue extraction

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation retards the natural senescence of rat hearts

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中国药理学通报 2015年第B11期31卷 196-196页

作者： ZHANGMing-yu LIUDi LIShuang CHANGLing-ling ZHANGYu DepartmentofPharmacologyandKeyLaboratoryofCardiovascularMedicineResearch MinistryofEducationStateProvinceKeyLaboratoriesofBiomedicine-PharmaceuticsofChinaNorthernTracslationalMedicineResearchandCooperationCenterHeilongjiang

Aim Aging is an independent risk factor for heart disease, however the effective intervention has not been found so far. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） have been shown to offer a wide variety of cel- lular functions including the protective effects on damaged hearts. Here we investigated the antiaging properties of BMSCs and the underlying mechanism in a cellular model of cardiomyocyte senescence and a rat model of aging hearts. Methods In vitro study, neonatal rat ventricular cells （NRVCs） and BMSCs were cocultured in the same dish with a semipermeable membrane to separate the two populations. In vivo, the BMSCs were injected into the rat hearts to observe their antiaging effects. The expression of β-galactosidase and aging-related proteins, and the lev- els of oxidative stress were determined in vivo and in vitro. The heart function was measured by the High-Resolution Imaging System. Results Monocultured NRVCs displayed the senescence-associated phenotypes, characterized by an increase in the number of β-galaetosidase-positive cells and decreases in the degradation and disappearance of cellular organelles in a time-dependent manner. The levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde were el- evated, whereas the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were de- creased, along with upregulation of p53, p21cipl/wafl and p16INK4a in the aging eardiomyoeytes. These deleterious alterations were abrogated in aging NRVCs cocultured with BMSCs. Qualitatively, the same senescent phenotypes were consistently observed in aging rat hearts. Notably, BMSC transplantation significantly prevented these detri- mental alterations and improved the impaired cardiac function in the aging rats. Conclusions BMSCs possess strong antiseneseence action on the aging NRVCs and hearts and can improve cardiac function after transplantation in aging rats. The present study, therefore, provides an alternative approach for the treatment of heart failure in the elderly populat

关键词： Key words: senescence bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells heart reactive oxygen species p53 p21Cipl/Wafl