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Coarse woody debris and wood-colonizing fungi differences between a reserve stand and a managed forest in the Taborz region of Poland

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第3期30卷 1081-1091页

作者： Slwomir Pieeka Agata Sotnik Marta Damszel Zbigniew Sierota Department of Forestry and Forest Ecology Warmia and Mazury University in OlsztynPl.Lodzki 210-727 Olsztyn Poland Milomlyn Forest District Nadlesna 914-140 Milomlyn Poland Department of Entomology Phytopathology and Molecular DiagnosticsWarmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn Prawochen′skiego 1710-721 OlsztynPoland

The aim of this research was to evaluate the amount of woody debris (m3/ha) on the forest floor and the associated wood-colonizing fungi. The study was performed in the Taborz region, known for its Scots pine provenance experiments, against the background of a recently launched Polish legislation to protect the biodiversity on the forest floor in managed (harvested) stands. We investigated a managed stand (136-years-old) and the reserve stand ‘Sosna Taborska’(261-years-old). In the reserve stand, the mean volume of woody debris was six times higher than in the managed forests, i.e. 65 versus 11 m3/ha. In addition, in the reserve stand, the number of fungi taxa colonizing the dead wood was larger than in the managed stands, with a higher number of fruitbodies. Total fungal richness was higher in the reserve than in the managed stand, i.e. 28 versus 12 species. The dominant taxa at both sites were Fomitopsis pinicola and Fomes The aim of this research was to evaluate the amount of woody debris (m^3/ha) on the forest floor and the associated wood-colonizing fungi. The study was performed in the Taborz region, known for its Scots pine provenance experiments, against the background of a recently launched Polish legislation to protect the biodiversity on the forest floor in managed (harvested) stands. We investigated a managed stand (136-years-old) and the reserve stand ‘Sosna Taborska’(261-years-old). In the reserve stand, the mean volume of woody debris was six times higher than in the managed forests, i.e. 65 versus 11 m^3/ha. In addition, in the reserve stand, the number of fungi taxa colonizing the dead wood was larger than in the managed stands, with a higher number of fruitbodies. Total fungal richness was higher in the reserve than in the managed stand, i.e. 28 versus 12 species. The dominant taxa at both sites were Fomitopsis pinicola and Fomes fomentarius, although some taxa were only found in the reserve (e.g., Stereum hirsutum). The volume of woody debris as w

关键词： Coarse woody debris Fungi Managed (harvested) stands Reserve Sosna Taborska Reserve Forest Indices

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Wood density and carbon concentration of coarse woody debris in native forests,Brazil

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第2期6卷 149-158页

作者： Andrea B.Moreira Timothy G.Gregoire Hilton Thadeu Z.do Couto Department of Forestry Sciences-Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture(ESALQ)-University of Sao Paulo(USP) Rua Pádua Dias11-13418-900PiracicabaSPBrazil School of Forestry&Environmental Studies Yale University06511 New HavenCTUSA

Background: With the objective of increasing knowledge on biomass and carbon stocks, and thus improving the accuracy of published estimates, the present study explored wood density and carbon concentration of coarse woody debris (diameter≥10) by decay class in a Seasonal Semi-deciduous Forest (SSF) area in the Atlantic Rain Forest and in a Cerrado sensu-stricto (CSS) area (Brazilian savanna), in Brazil. Two strata were identified in each area and ten sampling units were systematic located in each stratum. Data were collected according to the line intersect sampling method. Each tallied element, the diameter, length, and perpendicular width were recorded at the transect intersection point. Each element was classified into a decay class, and the species was identified when possible. Sample discs were cut from each element, from which cylindrical samples were extracted and oven-dried to determine density. These cylinders were milled and analyzed using a LECO-C632 to determine carbon concentration as percentage of mass. Results: In both areas, wood density decreased as the decay class increased. For SSF the mean carbon concentration of all analyzed samples was 49.8% with a standard deviation of 3.3, with a range of 27.9–57.0% across 506 observations. For CSS the general mean was 49.6% with a standard deviation of 2.6, with a range of 31.2–54.5% over 182 observations. Carbon concentration barely change between decay classes. Carbon stock was estimated at 3.3 and 0.7 MgC/ha for the SSF and the CSS, respectively. Similar results were obtained when using a 50% conversion constant. Conclusions: The present study concludes that wood density decreases as the woody debris becomes more decomposed, a pattern found in many previous studies. The carbon concentration, however, barely changes between decay classes, and that result is consistent with most of the literature reviewed. Our carbon concentrations are very close to the 50% used most commonly as a conversion factor. We stron

关键词： Carbon concentration Wood density Coarse woody debris Seasonal semi-deciduous forest Brazilian savanna

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Low carbon storage of woody debris in a karst forest in southwestern China

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第4期38卷 576-586页

作者： Yangyang Wu Libin Liu Chunzi Guo Zhonghua Zhang Gang Hu Jian Ni State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesLincheng West Road 99Guiyang 550081China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yuquan Road 19ABeijing 100049China Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station Chinese Academy of SciencesPudingAnshun 562100China College of Chemistry and Life Sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityYingbin Avenue 68& Jinhua 321004China Haihe River Water Resources Protection Bureau Haihe River Water Conservancy CommissionThe Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of ChinaLongtan Road 15Tianjin 300170China School of Enviroment and Life Science Guangxi Teachers Education UniversityMingxiu East Road 175Nanning 530001China Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf Ministry of EducationMingxiu East Road 175Nanning 530001China

The properties of woody debris(WD) vary across different forests under various soil *** to the relatively shallow and low amounts of soils on karst terrains, it is necessary to determine the WD carbon inventory of karst forests. In this study, we recorded WD with a basal diameter for standing snags and the largeend diameter for fallen logs of ≥ 1 cm. The carbon density of WD in a secondary karst mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest that had been clear-cut 55 years ago in southwestern China were inventoried in a 2 ha plot. woody debris carbon density calculated using specific gravity and carbon concentration was 4.07 Mg C ha^-1. woody debris with diameters ≥ 10 cm(coarse WD) constituted 53.8% of total carbon storage whereas WD < 10 cm in diameters(fine WD) accounted for more pieces of WD(89.9%).Lithocarpus confinis contributed the most WD carbon(26.5%). Intermediate decayed WD was relatively more abundant, but WD with final decay contributed the least to the total pieces of WD(6.7%). The contribution of WD to carbon storage of karst forest was low compared to other forests worldwide. Significant positive correlations were found between WD carbon and biodiversity(R^2= 0.035,p < 0.01) and elevation(R^2= 0.047, p < 0.01) and negative correlations was found in outcrop coverage(R^2= 0.034, p <0.01). Further studies are needed to elucidate the ecological functions of WD to better understand their roles in maintaining biodiversity, enhancing productivity, and controlling vegetation degradation in karst forest ecosystems.

关键词： Secondary forest Fine woody debris Coarse woody debris Dead wood Karst Subtropical China

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Seasonal variations of leaf traits and drought adaptation strategies of four common woody species in South Texas, USA

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第5期30卷 1715-1725页

作者： Juan Qin Zhouping Shangguan Weimin Xi School of Resources and Environment Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036AnhuiChina Department of Biological and Health Sciences Texas A&M University-KingsvilleKingsvilleTX 78363USA State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina

Understanding physiological responses and drought adaptation strategies of woody plant leaf traits in sub-humid to semi-arid regions is of vital importance to understand the interplay between ecological processes and plant resource-allocation strategies of different tree *** variations of leaf morphological traits,stoichiometric traits and their relationships of two drought tolerant woody species,live oak(Quercus virginiana)and honey mesquite(Prosopis glandulosa)and two less drought tolerant species,sugarberry(Celtis laevigata)and white ash(Fraxinus americana)were analyzed in a sub-humid to semi-arid area of south Texas,*** findings demonstrate that for the two drought tolerant species,the leguminous *** had the highest specific leaf area,leaf N,P,and lowest leaf area and dry mass,indicating that *** adapts to an arid habitat by decreasing leaf area,thus reducing water loss,reflecting a resource acquisition *** the evergreen species *** exhibited higher leaf dry mass,leaf dry matter content,C content,C:N,C:P and N:P ratios,adapts to an arid habitat through increased leaf thickness and thus reduced water loss,reflecting a resource conservation strategy in south *** the two less drought tolerant deciduous species,the variations of leaf traits in *** and *** varied between *** and ***,reflecting a trade-off between rapid plant growth and nutrient maintenance in a semi-arid environment.

关键词： Drought adaptation strategies Leaf traits Seasonal variations South Texas woody species

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woody Plants as Resources in China, Their Conservation and Use

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北京林业大学学报 1992年第S2期14卷 80-89页

作者： Ren Xianwei Liang Hongping Zhang YujunForest Resources College. Beijing Forestry University

This paper deals with species of the woody plants in China and their conservation problems. The floristic elements of woody plants was computed and the results indicate that the elements of Tropical Asia accounts for the largest number of genus while the proportion of the elements of Temperate Asia is relatively small. For each of eight vegetation region, the number of woody plants was established and a list of the endangered and rare species was compiled. In regard to the problems of protecting the endangered precious and rare species at present we propose some workable solutions.

关键词： woody plants resources conservation use

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A STUDY ON THE FLORA OF woody PLANTS OF SHANXI AND THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG THE FLORA OF SHANXI AND SOME REGIONS,CHINA

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Chinese Geographical Science 1998年第2期8卷 57-65页

作者：张峰上官铁梁

There are 463 species of woody plant, belonging to 166 genera and 70 families in Shanxi, North China. The floristic composition types of genera and species are abundant, in which the compositions distributed in temperate zones (including North Temperate, Old World Temperate and Temperate Asia), having 62 genera, are dominant and account for 38.27% in total genera (except for Cosmopolitan), and they are major constructive or dominant species of vegetation in Shanxi. The floristic compositions of woody plants of Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Shandong, Henan, Jiangxi and Inner Mongolia were studied comparatively by using diversity index, principal component analysis(PCA) and groupaverage clustering, respectively. The floristic composition of Shanxi was considerably similar to that of Hebei, Beijing and Shandong because they shared a lot of genera, specially genera distributed in temperate regions, such as Rosa, Quercus, Populus, Salix, Acer, Ulmus,　Pinus etc. and their ecoenvironment were considerably similar. However, the flora of Shanxi was comparatively different from that of Henan, Jiangxi and Inner Mongolia by reason that there were distinct differences among their ecogeographic conditions, floristic compositions and constructive or dominant species of dominant vegetation types. 

关键词： woody plant floristic composition diversity index PCA groupaverage clustering Shanxi

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Effects of current climate, paleo-climate, and habitat heterogeneity in determining biogeographical patterns of evergreen broad-leaved woody plants in China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2019年第7期29卷 1142-1158页

作者： XU Yue SHEN Zehao YING Lingxiao ZANG Runguo JIANG Youxu Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and Protection Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091 China Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Science the MOE Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Understanding biogeographic patterns and the mechanisms underlying them has been a main issue in macroecology and biogeography, and has implications for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem sustainability. Evergreen broad-leaved woody plants(EBWPs) are important components of numerous biomes and are the main contributors to the flora south of 35°N in China. We calculated the grid cell values of species richness(SR) for a total of 6265 EBWP species in China, including its four growth-forms(i.e., tree, shrub, vine, and bamboo), and estimated their phylogenetic structure using the standardized phylogenetic diversity(SPD) and net relatedness index(NRI). Then we linked the three biogeographical patterns that were observed with each single environmental variable representing the current climate, the last glacial maximum(LGM)–present climate variability, and habitat heterogeneity, using ordinary least squares regression with a modified t-test to account for spatial autocorrelation. The partial regression method based on a general linear model was used to decompose the contributions of current and historical environmental factors to the biogeographical patterns observed. The results showed that most regions with high numbers of EBWP species and phylogenetic diversity were distributed in tropical and subtropical mountains with evergreen shrubs extending to Northeast China. Current mean annual precipitation was the best single predictor. Topographic variation and its effect on temperature variation was the best single predictor for SPD and NRI. Partial regression indicated that the current climate dominated the SR patterns of Chinese EBWPs. The effect of paleo-climate variation on SR patterns mostly overlapped with that of the current climate. In contrast, the phylogenetic structure represented by SPD and NRI was constrained by paleo-climate to much larger extents than diversity, which was reflected by the LGM–present climate variation and topog-raphy-derived habitat heter

关键词： evergreen broad-leaved woody plants species richness standardized phylogenetic diversity net relatedness index present climate Quaternary climate variability habitat heterogeneity

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Structural Diversity of woody Species in the Senegalese Semi-Arid Zone—Ferlo

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第3期5卷 416-426页

作者： Ousmane Ndiaye Aly Diallo Stephen A. Wood Aliou Guisse Department of Ecology Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University New York USA Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal Tessekere International Human-En- vironment Observatory Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Sénégal

The combined effects of climate change and human pressure have led to the progressive degradation of natural resources in semi-arid regions. woody taxa in these regions play an important role in the functioning and services provided by semi-arid savannah by serving as forage for both domestic and non-domestic grazers. Maintaining the functioning of semi-arid savannas thus requires understanding the dynamics of these communities of woody taxa and their responses to exogenous forces, such as climate. To better understand the dynamics of woody taxa in semi-arid environments we collected dendrometric characteristics from five field sites along an environmental gradient in the Ferlo region of central Senegal. Density and basal area were found to be greater in the northern part of the zone, contrasted with the distance between individuals and crown cover, which is greater in the southern part of the zone. Stand structure estimated from the distribution according to height and diameter at breast height shows a preponderance of individuals in the shrub layer, although with a significant representation of the tree layer in southern Ferlo. Stand regeneration was better in the south and less effective in the north. There was a trend towards the rejuvenation of populations belonging to the dominant species. There were only three species for which degradation was not apparent (Balanites aegyptiaca, Acacia raddiana and Dalbergia melanoxylon), all of which have important ethnobotanical uses, suggesting that human use of taxa can play an important role in preventing degradation. Three distinct groups of woody taxa were found to correspond to gradients of precipitation, topography, and human land use pressure. Our results suggest an important role in the management and reintroduction of woody species in the Sahel and the regulation of pastoral techniques necessary for the rehabilitation of the agro-pastoral zone of Senegal.

关键词： woody Taxa Senegal Ferlo Drylands Community Structure

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Aerial Bud Bank and Structural Changes of woody Species from Argentine Chaco in Response to Disturbances

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2019年第2期8卷 58-69页

作者： Sandra Bravo María Basualdo Carlos Kunst Florencia del Corro Cátedra de Botánica General Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero Santiago del Estero ZC: 4200 Avenida Belgrano 1912 (S) Argentina Cátedra de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero Santiago del Estero ZC: 4200 Avenida Belgrano 1912 (S) Argentina Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Santiago del Estero ZC: 4200 Jujuy 850 Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET Santiago del Estero ZC: 4200 Ruta 9 El Zanjón Argentina

The objectives of this work were to estimate the ABB (Aerial Bud Bank) size in small individuals of four native woody species and its relationship with structural changes of plants after disturbances. Study area was located in dry forests from Western Chaco region, Argentina. Three tree species: Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco (Apocynaceae), Schinopsis lorentzii (Anacardiaceae), Sarcomphalus mistol (Rhamnaceae) and a shrubby species, Schinus fasciculatus (Anacardiaceae) were selected for this study. Twenty (20) juvenile individuals (below 6 cm diameter) were randomly sampled from each species and plant height (m), diameter (cm) and plant cover (%) were recorded. ABB was estimated by counting of all growth modules (shoots/branches and thorns) identified in a 1 m length segment of main stem. Results of an ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) showed significant effects of species (p woody species and open new research lines for futures studies.

关键词： ABB architectural changes woody species disturbances

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Stock and Flow of Carbon in Plant woody Debris in Two Different Types of Natural Forests in Bateke Plateau, Central Africa

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Open Journal of Forestry 2015年第1期5卷 38-47页

作者： Averti S. Ifo Felix Koubouana Charlotte Jourdain Dominique Nganga Département des Sciences Naturelles Ecole Normale Supérieure Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville République du Congo ENSAF Laboratoire d’Ecologie Appliquée et d’Environnement Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville République du Congo Forestière Programme ONU-REDD Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’Alimentation et l’Agriculture Brazzaville République du Congo Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville République du Congo

In order to know the role of plant woody debris in the carbon cycle, a study of carbon stocks and carbon flow of plant woody debris was conducted in the natural forests of the centre of the republic of Congo in the Bateke Plateau. Allometric equations were used to measure the carbon stock of in dead wood debris of Lesio-louna tropical rainforest. Three plots of 40 m × 40 m were delimited in each forest types. All plots were within 300 m of each other. The average stocks of carbon in coarse woody debris obtained are 10993 g·m-2 and 14172 g·m-2, respectively, in the Gallery forest (GF) and the hill-slope forest clump (HF), the difference of carbon stock between the two forests is not significant (p = 0.78). The interannual mean flow in both forests is respectively 1776 and 545 g·m-2·an-1 in the FG and the MSDS;this medium is not significant (p = 0.10). Carbon stocks of fine woody debris are respectively 965 and 83 g·m-2 in the GF and HF, difference is significant (p = 0.0013). The interannual mean flow of carbon in fine woody debris in the GF and the HF were respectively 310 g·m-2·an-1 and 51 g·m-2·an-1.

关键词： Coarse woody Debris Fine woody Debris Carbon Bateke Plateau Republic of Congo

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