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Effects of Irrigation on Nitrogen Metabolism and Yield of Strong Gluten wheat

Agricultural Science & Technology 2010年第3期11卷 68-71页

作者：李晓姚占军管涛郭天财冯伟河南农业大学生命科学学院河南郑州450002 安阳大学河南安阳455000 河南农业大学国家小麦工程技术研究中心河南郑州450002

[Objective] The aim was to provide reference for the field irrigation management of high yield and quality cultivation of strong gluten wheat.[Method]Under field conditions,the effects of irrigation times on nitrogen metabolism and yield of strong gluten wheat cultivar zhengmai 9023 were studied.[Result]The results indicated that NR activity,Chlorophyll and nitrogen content in flag leaf increased with irrigation times,and the irrigation treatment had obvious advantages during middle filling *** protein content showed ＂V＂ type change with grain filling going on,and protein content decreased when irrigation times going *** was significant difference among treatments during early stage of grain filling,and the difference became smaller in the late grain filling *** grain yield and protein yield increased but the protein content decreased with increasing of irrigation times.[Conclusion] Increasing irrigation times properly could improve grain yield and protein yield per unit area,but reduce the grain protein content.

关键词： winter wheat Irrigation Nitrogen metabolism Grain yield

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Research on Inversion of Soil Water Dynamic Parameters by Field Soil Moisture Content

Research on Inversion of Soil Water Dynamic Parameters by Fi...

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2011 International Conference on New Technology of Agricultural Engineering(ICAE 2011)

作者： Wang Yang-ren Hydraulic Engineering Department Tianjin agricultural university Tianjin China Zhou Qing-yun Hydraulic Engineering Department Tianjin agricultural university Tianjin China Li Yan Hydraulic Engineering Department Tianjin agricultural university Tianjin China Han Na-na Hydraulic Engineering Department Tianjin agricultural university Tianjin China Sun Shu-hong Hydraulic Engineering Department Tianjin agricultural university Tianjin China

The field soil moisture data under different vegetation and irrigation condition were accumulated by many irrigation *** soil water dynamic parameters were acquired or improved by the parameters inversion method and making good use of these *** was significance in monitoring and forecasting soil moisture and field water *** this paper,according to the measured soil moisture of winter wheat from regreening to harvest in 2009 on Tianjin agricultural university agricultural water cycle experimental base,the parameter inversion model was established based on the objective function is the minimum of the relative error square sum between the simulated and measured value of the soil moisture content and the constraint is the diversification range of the water movement parameters acquired from the *** water transport parameters of soil characteristic in experimental site are acquired by use of the interior point method and model *** results showed that the simulation accuracy of the field soil moisture dynamic is significantly improved by the parameter *** changed initial value and step scaling factor are in favor of improving parameter optimization results.

关键词： soil moisture parameter inversion optimization calculation unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity winter wheat

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Root vertical distribution is important to improve water use efficiency and grain yield of wheat

Root vertical distribution is important to improve water use...

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2017年中国作物学会学术年会

作者： Suwei Feng Shubo Gu Hongbo Zhang Dong Wang

The winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) production of the North China Plain is threatened by increasing water ***,the invention of effective irrigation techniques is crucial to maintain high yields of winter wheat through improved water use efficiency(WUE).In this study,field experiments were carried out in the North China Plain region in 2012-2013 and *** on the soil moisture regulation at sowing to ensure the normal emergence of the winter wheat,four supplemental irrigation(SI) regimes were set up:no-irrigation after emergence(T1),SI at jointing and anthesis(T2),SI at sowing,jointing and anthesis(T3),and SI at pre-wintering,jointing and anthesis(T4).The results showed that the root length density(RLD),root surface area density(RAD),and root weight density(RWD) in the 0-0.2 m soil layer from T2 increased rapidly after jointing and were significantly higher than those from T3 and T4 at *** of T2 in the 0.6-0.8 m and 0.8-1.0 m soil layers were also significantly higher at anthesis.T2 was significantly higher than T1 in the photosynthetic rate(Pn) and instantaneous water use efficiency(WUE) of flag leaves,post-anthesis dry matter accumulation(DMA),contribution of DMA to grain(CDMA),grain yield and WUE,but lower than T1 in the pre-anthesis dry matter remobilization efficiency(DMRE) and contribution of DMR to grain(CDMR).T2 had significantly lower plant populations and dry matter at jointing,Pn and WUE at 28 days after anthesis,DMA and CDMA,but higher dry matter increase rate after jointing,tiller survival rate,DMR,DMRE,CDMR and *** combined effect of these differences enabled T2 to have yield that was not significantly different to *** summary,SI at joining and anthesis that was based on suitable soil water content at sowing increased the absorbing area of roots in both deep and surface soil layers;accelerated the dry matter accumulation after jointing;increased the Pn and WUE of flag leaves,DMA and DMR;and finally achieved a

关键词： Vertical root distribution Gas exchange characteristics Dry matter redistribution Water use efficiency winter wheat

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冀东冬小麦生育期干旱特征分析及对策探讨

冀东冬小麦生育期干旱特征分析及对策探讨

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第34届中国气象学会年会

作者：高桂芹董玉武王冠唐山市气象局

利用唐山地区三个国家基准站1981-2015年冬小麦生育期内逐日降水资料,分别统计不同生育期逐年的水分亏缺率,以中华人民共和国气象行业标准颁布的小麦干旱等级作为评价指标,分析近35a唐山地区冬小麦不同生育期干旱变化特征。结果表明:（... 详细信息

利用唐山地区三个国家基准站1981-2015年冬小麦生育期内逐日降水资料,分别统计不同生育期逐年的水分亏缺率,以中华人民共和国气象行业标准颁布的小麦干旱等级作为评价指标,分析近35a唐山地区冬小麦不同生育期干旱变化特征。结果表明:（1）冬小麦全生育期及各发育期发生干旱的频率及干旱等级区域差别不大。播种-越冬期发生干旱的频率略低25-35%,且以轻旱为主;返青后小麦各发育期干旱发生频率85-100%,且均以中等以上干旱为主,其中拔节-抽雄重旱以上发生频率高达93.55%;全生育期重旱发生频率北部略低77.42%,中部和南部均在90%以上。（2）冬小麦生育期间水分亏缺变化趋势不明显,年际间水分亏缺变化较大,拔节‐抽穗阶段水分亏缺率均在‐50100之间波动;返青‐拔节有70%的年份在‐50100之间波动,返青-成熟期小麦缺水严重。

关键词： winter wheat water deficiency rates drought level the tendency rate

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冬小麦生育期和生产力对气候变暖的实际响应及其生理生态机制(英文)

冬小麦生育期和生产力对气候变暖的实际响应及其生理生态机制(英...

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多学科在现代农业建设中交叉运用技术研讨会

作者：田云录张卫建邓艾兴郭嘉张彬陈金宋振伟南京农业大学应用生态研究所中国农业科学院作物科学研究所

＜正＞A better understanding of crop response to the anticipated global warming will be of enormous benefits to the technique selection of crop production for future food *** conducted a five-year warming experiment in the Free Air Temperature Increase（FAT1） facility to investigate winter wheat responses in East *** of 1.5℃of the crop canopy was found to shorten the pre-anthesis phase by 12 days（P ＜ 0.05） on average with an unchanged or even prolonged post-anthesis *** temperature elevation consistently increased the numbers of the effective spikes and the filled grains,as well as the 1000-grain weight（P ＜ 0.05）.Warming also significantly enlarged the areas of the flag leaf and the total green leaves during post-anthesis phase,but did not affect their photosynthesis *** effective spike rate,dry matter translocation rate and the harvest index in the warmed plots were higher than those in the un-warmed *** filling rate and the activities of sucrose synthase（SuSase） and soluble starch synthase（SSSase） in the inferior grains were significantly stimulated by warming,though they stayed almost unchanged in the superior ***,the anticipated warming enhanced the aboveground biomass and grain yield by 7.8%and 16.3%（P ＜ 0.05） respectively on average across the five years of the *** results of this study show that warming can enhance winter wheat productivity through increasing biomass growth efficiency by altering the phenophases.

关键词： climate warming crop productivity biomass growth efficiency field warming experiment winter wheat food security

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Environmentally Smart Nitrogen (ESN)——Potential for Improving Modern Crop Production and N-Use Efficiency

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2020年第6期10卷 327-340页

作者： Tarlok Singh Sahota Lakehead University Agricultural Research Station 5790 Little Norway RoadThunder BayOntarioCanada

Environmentally smart nitrogen(ESN)is polymer coated urea that is designed to release N in synchrony with crop *** on ESN was initiated in field crops in Ontario,Canada in 2006,initially on timothy,spring wheat and winter wheat and later(till date)on bromegrass,grass mixtures(timothy,bromegrass,orchardgrass),other forages(barley,silage corn,oat,MasterGraze corn and sorghum Sudangrass)and *** winter wheat,in three out of six years ESN gave^0.6 MT/ha higher grain yield than *** spring wheat,in a relatively warm year with well-distributed rainfall,ESN produced 1 MT/ha higher grain yield than urea;averaged over three years,two-thirds N from urea and one-third N from ESN could be ***-thirds N from urea and one-third N from ESN gave^0.75 MT/ha extra seed yield as compared to urea alone at 180 kg N/ha in canola during 2016 to *** entire N in winter/spring wheat could be applied in seed rows at seeding as ESN without any detrimental *** highest barley forage yields were recorded by urea at 50 kg N/ha+ESN at 20 kg N/ha which produced 1.2 MT/ha more forage yield than urea at 70 kg N/*** substitution of N from urea with ESN improved forage dry matter yield of timothy and MasterGraze *** MasterGraze corn 100 kg N/ha from urea+ESN(3:1 on N basis)equaled that with urea at 150 kg N/ha in dry matter yield,%protein and relative feed value(RFV),but not in silage corn and sorghum *** equal rates of N,single/fall application of ESN in timothy and bromegrass gave equal yield to urea applied in two splits in spring/*** wheat grain yields were the same with fall/spring application of ***/urea+ESN(3:1 on N basis)increased the grain/forage protein content in almost all crops by 1%-2%points at an extra cost of only$6.0-10.5/ha(with urea+ESN in 3:1 ratio on N basis).The results indicate that ESN could improve both crop yields and quality,make better use of N/or increase N-use *** paper summarizes

关键词： Environmentally smart nitrogen urea spring wheat winter wheat barley canola timothy bromegrass and MasterGraze corn

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Effects of Different Line Spacing and Seedling Belt Width on Yield Formation of Broad-Width Fine Sowing wheat

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2020年第3期9卷 29-33页

作者： Minmin SHAO Leiming SUN Kai ZHAO Xingke XU Ling HUANG Lin WANG Lu YAN Zhengchun JU Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jining 272031China Shandong General Station of Agricultural Technology Extension Jinan 250013China

In order to explore the interaction effects of line spacing and seedling belt width on wheat yield formation and improve the cultivation techniques of broadwidth and fine seeding of wheat,a high-yielding winter wheat cultivar Shannong 28 was selected as material. Using the split plot design,the main plot was set with line spacing as 20,25 and 30 cm,respectively,and the sub-plot was set with seedling belt width as 3,5,7,9 and 11 cm,respectively. Then,the population dynamics,dry matter accumulation and translocation and yield of wheat were studied under the experimental conditions. The results showed that under the line spacing of 20 cm,the dry matter accumulation and yield of winter wheat were higher with the seedling belt width of 5 cm. When the line spacing was 25 cm,the dry matter accumulation and yield under the seedling belt width of 9 cm reached a high level. Under the line spacing of 30 cm,Shannong 28 achieved higher dry matter accumulation and yield with the seedling belt width of 11 cm. Comprehensive analysis revealed that the suitable treatment for Shannong 28 was 25 cm of line spacing with 9 cm of seedling belt width,which could realize the coordination of the three factors of yield composition and get higher yield. Therefore,the reasonable line spacing and seedling belt width were the important technical ways to realize high yield of wheat.

关键词： winter wheat Wide planting Row space form Seedling belt width Yield

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北朝农作物种植结构的变化对府兵制形成的影响

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魏晋南北朝隋唐史 2012年第5期

作者：李文涛

北魏时期，因为军事需要，各地建立了乡兵组织。但到了北齐、北周时期，乡兵组织逐渐分化，北周在乡兵基础上建立了府兵制，北齐乡兵没有转化为政府军队。造成这种状况的原因是北方种植结构发生了一定的变化。自汉武帝时期开始在黄河流... 详细信息

北魏时期，因为军事需要，各地建立了乡兵组织。但到了北齐、北周时期，乡兵组织逐渐分化，北周在乡兵基础上建立了府兵制，北齐乡兵没有转化为政府军队。造成这种状况的原因是北方种植结构发生了一定的变化。自汉武帝时期开始在黄河流域扩大的冬小麦种植到了北朝时在一些地区逐渐萎缩，粟豆又成为该地区的主粮之一。种植结构的变化，使农民的闲暇时间也有一定的改变，也使建立在此基础之上的一些制度发生了变化，府兵制在关中地区兴起就是其中的反映。在北朝时期，由于气候发生变化、战乱及关中地区降水量减少，冬小麦种植面积减少，农民闲暇时间增多，亦兵亦农的府兵制逐渐形成。而在关东地区，由于还普遍存在小麦的种植，这一地区的兵制没有发生变化。府兵制的出现，对中国历史产生了深远的影响。

关键词：北朝府兵制种植结构冬小麦乡兵 the Northern Dynasty government military system planting structure winter wheat local military organization

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