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Typhoon-induced wind waves in the northern East China Sea during two typhoon events:the impact of wind field and wave-current interaction

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第3期40卷 934-949页

作者： Zhao LI Shuiqing LI Yijun HOU Dongxue MO Jian LI Baoshu YIN Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Ocean and Climate Dynamics Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center of State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061China

We examined the influences of the wind fi eld and wave-current interaction(WCI)on the numerical simulation results of typhoon-induced wind waves in the northern East China Sea(NECS)using the coupled Simulating Waves Nearshore+Advanced Circulation(SWAN+ADCIRC)model.The simulations were performed during two typhoon events(Lekima and Muifa),and two widely used reanalysis wind fields,the Climate Forecast System Version 2(CFSv2)from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)and the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)Reanalysis(ERA5),were compared.The results indicate that the ERA5 and CFSv2 wind fields both reliably reproduced the wind variations measured by in-situ buoys,and the accuracy of the winds from ERA5 were generally better than those from CFSv2 because CFSv2 tended to overestimate the wind speed and the simulated significant wave height(SWH),particularly the peak SWH.The WCI effects between the two wind field simulations were similar;these effects enhanced the SWH throughout the nearshore NECS during both typhoons but suppressed the SWH on the right side of the Typhoon Muifa track in the deep and off shore sea areas.In summary,variations in the water depth and current propagation direction dominate the modulation of wave height.

关键词： wind field typhoon track significant wave height wave-current interaction the northern East China Sea

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Improvement of displacement error of rainfall and wind field forecast associated with landfalling tropical cyclone AMPHAN

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2022年第3期11卷 146-162页

作者： S.D.Kotal S.K.Bhattacharya India Meteorological Department Ministry of Earth Science Government of IndiaNew DelhiIndia

Spatial distribution of rainfall and wind speed forecast errors associated with landfalling tropical cyclones(TC)occur significantly due to incorrect location forecast by numerical models.Two major areas of errors are:(i)over-estimation over the model forecast locations and(ii)underestimation over the observed locations of the TCs.A modification method is proposed for real-time improvement of rainfall and wind field forecasts and demonstrated for the typical TC AMPHAN over the Bay of Bengal in 2020.The proposed method to improve the model forecasts is a relocation method through shifting of model forecast locations of TC to the real-time official forecast locations of India Meteorological Department(IMD).The modification is applied to the forecasts obtained from the operational numerical model,the Global Forecast System(GFS)of IMD.Application of the proposed method shows considerable improvement of both the parameters over both the locations.The rainfall forecast errors due to displacement are found to have improved by 44.1%–69.8%and 72.1%–85.2%over the GFS forecast locations and over the observed locations respectively for the respective forecast lead times 48 h,72 h,and 96 h.Similarly,the wind speed forecasts have improved by 27.6%–56.0%and 63.7%–84.6%over the GFS forecast locations and over the observed locations respectively for the respective forecast lead times 60 h,72 h,and 84 h.The results show that the proposed technique has capacity to provide improved spatial distributions of rainfall and wind speed forecasts associated with landfalling TCs and useful guidance to operational forecasters.

关键词： Tropical cyclone Track forecast Rainfall forecast wind field Spatial distribution North Indian ocean

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Wave effects on the retrieved wind field from the advanced scatterometer(ASCAT)

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第1期34卷 79-84页

作者： REN Lin YANG Jingsong ZHENG Gang WANG Juan CHEN Peng State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration

To improve retrieval accuracy, this paper studies wave effects on retrieved wind field from a scatterometer. First, the advanced scatterometer （ASCAT） data and buoy data of the National Data Buoy Center （NDBC） are collocated. Buoy wind speed is converted into neutral wind at 10 m height. Then, ASCAT data are com- pared with the buoy data for the wind speed and direction. Subsequently, the errors between the ASCAT and the buoy wind as a function of each wave parameter are used to analyze the wave effects. Wave param- eters include dominant wave period （dpd）, significant wave height （swh）, average wave period （apd） and the angle between the dominant wave direction （dwd） and the wind direction. Collocated data are divided into sub-datasets according to the different intervals of each wave parameter. A root mean square error （RMSE） for the wind speed and a mean absolute error （MAE） for the wind direction are calculated from the sub-datasets, which are considered as the function of wave parameters. Finally, optimal wave conditions on wind retrieved from the ASCAT are determined based on the error analyses. The results show the ocean wave parameters have correlative relationships with the RMSE of the retrieved wind speed and the MAE of the retrieved wind direction. The optimal wave conditions are presented in terms of dpd, swh, apd and angle.

关键词： advanced scatterometer ASCAT wind field wave effects wave parameters

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Impact of physical representations in CALMET on the simulated wind field over land during Super Typhoon Meranti(2016)

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2019年第4期13卷 744-757页

作者： Sui HUANG Shengming TANG Hui YU Wenbo XUE Pingzhi FANG Peiyan CHEN Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081China Shanghai Typhoon Institute China Meteorological AdministrationShanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Tropical Cyclones China Meteorological Administration Shanghai 200030China The Joint Laboratory for Typhoon Forecasting Technique Applications between Shanghai Typhoon Institute and Wenzhou Meteorological Bureau Wenzhou 325000China

A WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model)/CALMET(California Meteorological Model)coupled system is used to investigate the impact of physical representations in CALMET on simulations of the near-surface wind field of Super Typhoon Meranti(2016).The coupled system is configured with a horizontal grid spacing of 3 km in WRF and 500 m in CALMET,respectively.The model performance of the coupled WRF/CALMET system is evaluated by comparing the results of simulations with observational data from 981 automatic surface stations in Fujian Province.The root mean square error(RMSE)of the wind speed at 10 m in all CALMET simulations is significantly less than the WRF simulation by 20%^30%,suggesting that the coupled WRF/CALMET system is capable of representing more realistic simulated wind speed than the mesoscale model only.The impacts of three physical representations including blocking effects,kinematic effects of terrain and slope flows in CALMET are examined in a specified local region called Shishe Mountain.The results show that before the typhoon landfall in Xiamen,a net downslope flow that is tangent to the terrain is generated in the west of Shishe Mountain due to blocking effects with magnitude exceeding 10 m/s.However,the blocking effects seem to take no effect in the strong wind area after typhoon landfall.Whether being affected by the typhoon strong wind or not,the slope flows move downslope at night and upslope in the daytime due to the diurnal variability of the local heat flux with magnitude smaller than 3 m/s.The kinematic effects of terrain,which are speculated to play a significant role in the typhoon strong wind area,can only be applied to atmospheric flows in stable conditions when the wind field is quasinondivergent.

关键词： physical representations CALMET wind field Super Typhoon Meranti

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Effect of wind field below unmanned helicopter on droplet deposition distribution of aerial spraying

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2017年第3期10卷 67-77页

作者： Chen Shengde Yubin Lan Li Jiyu Zhou Zhiyan Liu Aimin Mao Yuedong College of Engineering South China Agricultural University/Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Aviation Application(ERCAAA)Guangzhou 510642China International Laboratory of Agricultural Aviation Pesticide Spraying Technology Guangzhou 510642China Hunan Longping Seed Industry Co. LtdChangsha 410006China Shenzhen Hi-Tech New Agriculture Technologies Co. LtdShenzhen 518057China

wind field is one of the important factors affecting the distribution characteristics of aerial spraying droplet deposition.In order to reveal the impact mechanism of droplet deposition distribution by the wind field below agricultural unmanned helicopter rotor,in this study,the wind field distribution below uniaxial single-rotor electric unmanned helicopter rotor was measured by using a wireless wind speed sensor network measurement system for unmanned helicopter.The effects of wind field in three directions(X,Y,Z)below the rotor on droplet deposition distribution were analyzed with the condition of aerial spraying droplet deposition in rice canopy,and the regression model was established via variance and regression analyses of experiment results.The results showed that,the wind field in Y direction had a significant effect on droplet deposition in effective spray area,the wind field in Z direction had an extremely significant effect on droplet deposition in effective spray area,and the corresponding significance(sig.)values were 0.011 and 0.000.Furthermore,the wind field in Z direction had a significant effect on the penetrability and uniformity of droplet deposition in effective spray area,the corresponding sig.values were 0.025 and 0.011 respectively.The wind speed in Y direction at the edge of effective spray area had a significant effect on droplet drift,the sig.value was 0.021.In addition,the correlation coefficient R of the regression model was 0.869 between droplet deposition in effective spray area and the wind speed in Y and Z directions,and 0.915 between the uniformity of droplet deposition in effective spray area and the maximum wind speed in Z direction.The result revealed the influencing mechanism of the wind field below the rotor of uniaxial single-rotor electric unmanned helicopter on the distribution of aerial spraying droplet deposition.The results can provide guidance for the actual production application of aerial spraying to reduce liquid drift and improve the utilization rate of pesticide.

关键词： uniaxial single-rotor electric unmanned helicopter aerial spraying wind field droplet deposition

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Design and experiment of a hydraulic lifting wind field test platform for crop protection UAS

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第4期14卷 166-174页

作者： Songchao Zhang Wei Gu Baijing Qiu Xinyu Xue Lixin Zhou Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology Ministry of EducationJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Engineering Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina Nanjing Institutes of Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjing 210014China

As a new type of crop protection machine,the crop protection unmanned aerial system(CPUAS)is developing rapidly in China.The wind field generated by the rotor has a great influence on the deposition and penetration of spraying droplets.The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and stable test platform that could be used for wind field test of CPUAS,and to carry out the downwash experiments on the platform to obtain the downwash distribution law of a CPUAS Z-3N(100 kg level,Nanjing Research Institute on Simulation Technique,Nanjing,China).The tests showed that the performances of the developed platform could meet the expected design requirements.The platform operated stably and reliably during the downwash experiments of Z-3N,which indicated it could be applied for CPUASs of 100 kg level and below.The vibration characteristics of the platform with different heights(2.0 m,3.0 m,5.0 m,7.0 m,10.0 m)were obtained through modal analysis,which could effectively guide avoiding the resonance for stable and reliable operation during the experiments with the tested CPUAS Z-3N.A ring-radial method was designed combined with the platform for the downwash measurement.The experimental results showed that the downwash distribution of Z-3N was not symmetrical;the downwash wind speed decreased with the increase of the radial distance while the changing trend was not consistent as the height increased.Moreover,the area with high wind speed was mainly within 3.0 m of the radial distance,and the maximum value was 11.37 m/s.The study provided a new way for wind field test of CPUASs and would provide some references for better utilization of wind field during the CPUAS spraying.

关键词： crop protection unmanned aircraft system wind field test platform vibration modal aerial spraying

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ASSIMILATION METHOD FOR RETRIEVING HORIZONTAL wind field FROM SINGLE-DOPPLER DATA

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 1997年第4期11卷 469-477页

作者：吴绍荣徐宝祥周秀骥 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081

Doppler weather radar can provide the wind information such as the radial velocity,and has become one of the most powerful means for studies of severe mesoscale and microscale weather systems.Usually the radar observation provides only plane position indicator(PPI)scanning data and range height indicator(RHI)scanning data.and this makes some retrieval methods using three-dimensional volume scanning data impractical in operation.In order to use these data more efficiently,a plane assimilation retrieval(PAR)method is developed using data assimilation technique on the PPI scanning plane.The PAR method is tested with the observation data of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(CAMS)Doppler weather radar and the result is encouraging.

关键词： Doppler weather radar plane assimilation retrieval(PAR) wind field

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Evaluating the influence of air pollution on solar radiation observations over the coastal region of Alicante(Southeastern Spain)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第4期126卷 633-643页

作者： Igor Gómez Sergio Molina Juan JoséGaliana-Merino Department of Applied Physics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of AlicanteSection 99E-03080 AlicanteSpain Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies(MIES)“Ramón Margalef” University of AlicanteSection 99E-03690 AlicanteSpain Department of Physics Systems Engineering and Signal TheoryUniversity of AlicanteSection 99E-03080 AlicanteSpain University Institute of Physics Applied to Sciences and Technologies University of AlicanteSection 99E-03080 AlicanteSpain

The present study evaluates ground-based downward surface shortwave radiation (Rs) over the coastal region of Alicante (Southeastern Spain).Hourly measurements collected over the eleven-year period 2010-2020 are used.Two weather stations located over the region capital,Alicante,have been selected as representative of urban and suburban typologies.Two additional weather stations far from the city have been selected representing rural typologies.Rs is significantly reduced over the urban station during the morning hours within the winter season compared to the observations recorded over the suburban and rural stations,with a global mean difference of-81 and-120 W/m^(2)at 10 LT,respectively.However,no significant differences are obtained during the midday sun,with a global mean difference of-20 W/m^(2)between the urban and rural stations.With the aim of explaining these differences,the current paper investigates the relationship between Rsand different air pollutants:NOx,SO_(2),and fine particulate matter (PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)) as well as the wind field measured at the urban and suburban stations.The results found in this work point towards a close relationship between Rsand NOxconcentrations annual cycles,which are also influenced by the prevailing wind circulations observed over the study area.A global mean NOxconcentration of 107μg/m^(3)is observed over the urban station at 10 LT during the winter season.In contrast,these high concentrations are significantly reduced over the suburban station,with global mean value of 40μg/m^(3)at 10 LT,for this period of the year.

关键词： Solar radiation Air pollution Weather-concentration relationship Coastal cities Atmospheric conditions wind field

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Evaluation on the applicability of ERA5 reanalysis dataset to tropical cyclones affecting Shanghai

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2022年第4期16卷 1025-1039页

作者： Zhihui HAN Caijun YUE Changhai LIU Wen GU Yuqi TANG Yongyu LI Shanghai Ecological Forecasting&Remote Sensing Center Shanghai 200030China Shanghai Marine Meteorological Center Shanghai 200030China National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO80305USA Shanghai Baoshan Meteorological Bureau Shanghai 201900China

Based on the 16 historical tropical cyclones(TCs)affecting Shanghai from 2007 to 2019,the suitability of ERA5 for studying TCs affecting Shanghai is systematically evaluated from the perspective of TC track,intensity,10-m and upper-level wind,using TC best-track data of China Meteorological Administration and surface observations and sounding data.Corresponding to tropical storm(TS),strong tropical storm(STS),typhoon(TY),strong typhoon(STY)and super typhoon(SuperTY),the median TC track bias is 68.1,52.9,42.5,25.4,and 18.2 km,respectively,the median maximum 10-m wind speed(VMAX10m)bias is-3.7,-6.5,-11.4,-21.7,and-32.2 m·s-1,respectively,and the median minimum mean sea level pressure(MSLPmin)bias is 2.2,5.6,8.1,28.2,and 48.7 hPa,respectively.With the increase of TC intensity,the median TC track bias decreases,while the median VMAX10m and MSLPmin bias increase.In general,VMAX10m in ERA5 is lower than observed,and MSLPmin is larger than observed.Under influence of TS,STS,TY and STY,the median 10-m wind speed(V10m)bias in the city is 3.2,4.2,4.7,and 5.4 m·s-1,respectively,and is 4.4-5.2 m·s-1 near the east coast,respectively.V10m is mostly biased high,showing an"M"type pattern with the distance between TC and Shanghai.The median 10 m wind direction(WD10m)bias is in a range of-7° to+7°.The median upper-level wind speed(Vupper)bias decreases with height,with a maximum of~5 m·s-1 at 975 hPa.Below 900 hPa Vupperin ERA5 is typically larger than the radiosonde observation,and its mean bias error(MBE)increases with TC intensity.The upper-level wind direction(WDupper)matches the sounding data well,with a maximum bias of a few degrees only.The results provide a reference for the application of ERA5 to coastal cities affected by TCs.

关键词： ERA5 reanalysis tropical cyclone wind field urban

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Characteristics of outdoor pollutants intrusion and ventilation control in sentry buildings with normal openings

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Building Simulation 2023年第3期16卷 393-411页

作者： Linfeng Liang Haiguo Yin Da Zhang Yuekun Han Yanyan Li Jingying Zhang Yongshou Zhang Zhenjun Ma Angui Li School of Building Services Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'an 710055ShaanxiChina Qinghai Building and Materials Research Co. LtdXining 810008QinghaiChina Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Plateau Green Building and Eco-community Xining 810008QinghaiChina Sustainable Buildings Research Centre University of WollongongWollongongNSW 2522Australia

Sentry buildings have windows that are often open to facilitate communication between personnel.It also provides the possibility for the intrusion of pollutants such as vehicle exhaust emissions.To prevent the intrusion of outdoor pollutants and create an excellent indoor environment,internal circulation with double-attached ventilation(IC-DAV)and external circulation with double-attached ventilation(EC-DAV)are proposed for such buildings,and the isolation effect of two attached ventilation modes on pollutants is compared with that of natural ventilation.A computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method was used to simulate the transportation process and indoor distribution of outdoor pollutants intruding into sentry buildings from the regular openings under different outdoor wind directions,wind velocities,and states of the doors and ventilation modes.The results indicate that the leeward airflow of the three wind directions caused the largest pollutants to invade the room.The amount of pollutants intrusion increased with increasing wind velocity.When the leeward airflow and the windward airflow blow through the building,opening the door increased the amount of pollutants intruding into the room by 3.34 times and 8.85 times,respectively,compared with closing the door.However,the IC-DAV can isolate 81.7% of the pollutants while the EC-DAV can isolate 99.92% of the pollutants as compared with natural ventilation.Applying double attached ventilation mode in buildings can effectively prevent the intrusion of outdoor pollutants into the room,reduce the harm of outdoor pollutants to the health of indoor personnel,and provide a new idea for buildings to improve the indoor air quality.

关键词： sentry buildings pollutants intrusion indoor air quality wind field double attached ventilation computational fluid dynamics(CFD)

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