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Genetic diversity of wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) and its utilization for barley improvement

Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2012年第6期4卷 453-461页

作者： XiaoYing Ma Chao Li AiDong Wang RuiJun Duan GenLin Jiao Eviatar Nevo GuoXiong Chen Extreme Stress Resistance and Biotechnology Laboratory Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Fairy Lake Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Evolution and Department of Evolutionary & Environmental Biology University of Haifa Mount Carmel Haifa 31905 Israel

wild barley （Hordeum vulgare spp. spontaneum） is the undisputed progenitor of cultivated barley and offers considerable poten- tial as a genetic resource for barley improvement. Naturally occurring populations are distributed primarily across the Fertile Crescent, but secondary areas of diversity are also found in central Asia and Tibet. The pattern of its genetic diversity is non-random, and is structured on a global, regional and local scale. On a global scale, diversity follows ecogeography, while on a regional and local scale, it is more strongly determined by ecology. Populations growing in areas where the climate is unreliable and/or the soil is heterogeneous tend to retain the most diversity. A large number of accessions are currently conserved ex situ, but a high proportion of these have originated fi：om the Fertile Crescent. Given the likelihood of future climate change, conserving germplasm both in situ and ex situ in the various regions where the species＇ currently existing is a research priority. The value of H. vulgare spp. spontaneum for the improvement of cultivated barley lies largely in its potential contribution to the levels of attaina- ble pathogen resistance and abiotic stress tolerance.

关键词： wild barley distribution genetic diversity utilization

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The mechanism of adaptive evolution of the early flowering in wild barley to mitigate global climate change

The mechanism of adaptive evolution of the early flowering i...

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遗传学与表观遗传学前沿暨第三届中国青年遗传学家论坛

作者：钱朝菊 Xia Yan Jiecai Zhao Guoxiong Chen Eviatar Nevo Xiao-Fei Ma 于黎 Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions Gansu ProvinceDepartment of Ecology and Agriculture ResearchCold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences Heihe Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology and Integrated River Basin Science Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Evolution University of HaifaMount Carmel

In the recent decades,there found overwhelming evidences showed that the climate is changing rapidly,which has been the research hotspot in the area of evolution and ecology.Global climate change is one of themajor environmental stressesthat threating biodiversity and the living of organisms,as a result,plant always get some phenotypic variation to adapt to the environment,however,for plants,the successful reproduction requires exact timing of flowering,and the time of flowering during the year is an important adaptive trait.Previous studies witnessed that the time of flowering in wild species have been earlier than before,showed that the change of flowering time is an effective strategy to adapt to the climate change.In 2012,a research examined 10 wild barley sampled in 1980 and again in 2008 detected profound adaptive changes in flowering time(Nevo et al.,2012 PNAS),the results found that the average flowering time of the all ten populations of wild barleyin 2008 have been distinct earlier than that in 1980,and SSR analysis showed that the frequencies of genotypes have been changed to mitigate the global climate change.However,thegenetic mechanism of the phenomena has not been detected.We examined the phenotypeof 10wild barley populations sampled in 1980 and again in 2008,then took advantage of the genome of barley to investigate the nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibriumof the flowering time networks based on the Sanger sequencing and Next-generation sequencing.Toanalyze the frequency and the co-contribution to the phenotypes ofthe regulatory network of flowering time genes,we used the clinal variation and candidate gene association study approaches to map the mutationswhich contribute to the complex adaptive traits.This study will address the genetic basis underline early flowering in natural populations of wild barley,to provide an genetic example how annual plantmitigate in a short generations to adaptthe global climate change by regulating flowering timefor the first time.

关键词： global climate change adaptive evolution wild barley genetic basis association study

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