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<i>Commiphora wightii</i>(Arnott) Bhandari—A Natural Source of Guggulsterone: Facing a High Risk of Extinction in Its Natural Habitat

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第6期4卷 57-68页

作者： Neeraj Jain Rajani S. Nadgauda Plant Cell and Molecular Biology Indian Institute of Advanced Research Gandhinagar India.

The plants are the primary producers and an indispensible source of food and nutrition, medicine and fuel/biofuel. Unsustainable overharvesting and indiscriminate felling of plants due to ever increasing needs of population pressure are causes of great concern. The IUCN includes, the species facing a high risk of extinction in the wild as threatened, and “endangered” is one of the sub-categories under “threatened” category. Commiphora wightii (Arnott) Bhandari is an arid region plant, highly valued for its medicinally important guggul gum-resin as a source of guggulsterone. It is listed in IUCN’s Red Data List of threatened plants and now it is becoming endangered. Its population is fast depleting in its natural habitat, primarily due to over-exploitation, unsustainable and destructive methods of gum-extraction coupled with natural dry-arid habitat, slow growth and poor regeneration of the plant. Several other reasons have also been indicated for its declining population. Therefore, it demands severe measures for its conservation before we completely lose this important medicinal plant. A lot of research and study is underway but has vast scope for improvement, requiring efforts to supplement with such information that would aid transgenic development and breeding programmes for production and cultivation of improved varieties. The article presents the importance of this plant and its conservation in a nut-shell.

关键词： IUCN Conservation Commiphora wightii Somatic Embryogenesis Threatened

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In vitro bioactivity and phytochemical analysis of two marine macro-algae

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2017年第10期5卷 427-432页

作者： Ravi Cyril Revathi Lakshmanan Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan Department of Zoology Thiagarajar CollegeMadurai-625009India

Objective: To evaluate the in vitro bioactivity and phytochemical analysis of two marine macro-algae viz., Sargassum wightii (S. wightii) and Gracilaria verrucosa (G. verrucosa). Methods: The marine macro-algae were collected from Gulf of Mannar (latitude 8°55'–9°15' N and longitude 78°–79°16' E), India. The collected marine macro-algae were shade dried, powdered and extracted in Soxhlet apparatus with acetone, methanol, chloroform and petroleum ether separately. Antimicrobial assay was performed against nine bacterial pathogens (isolated from infected ornamental fish) and two fungal strains. The extracts were further tested for anti-hemolytic activity following standard protocol. The methanol extracts were also tested for its anti-cancer property against human AGS cell line. Results: High antibacterial activity was displayed by the petroleum ether extract of G. verrucosa against Micrococcus sp. ((31.5 ± 6.5) mm)Maximum [(21.5 ± 1.0) mm] anti-fungal activity was exerted by the methanol extracts of S. wightii and G. verrucosa against Candida sp. Acetone extract of G. verrucosa produced better anti-hemolytic activity (96.47% ± 0.31%) than other tested extracts. Methanol extract of both seaweeds failed to produce any anti-cancer activity against human AGS cell line. Quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed elevated levels of alkaloids (56 mg/g), saponins (44.5 mg/g), flavonoids (500 mg/g) and phenols (220 mg/g) in G. verrucosa when compared to S. wightii. Conclusions: The tested macro-algae are good source of bioactive compounds, and G. verrucosa displayed better activity than S. wightii and could be explored further.

关键词： Sargassum wightii Gracilaria verrucosa Phytochemical analysis MTT assay AGS cell line

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