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Characterization of value-added chemicals derived from the thermal hydrolysis and wet oxidation of sewage sludge

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第1期15卷 185-198页

作者： Milan Malhotra Anurag Garg Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology BombayPowai Mumbai 400076India

We evaluated the effect of hydrothermal pretreatments,i.e.,thermal hydrolysis(TH)and wet oxidation(WO)on sewage sludge to promote resource *** hydrothermal processes were performed under mild temperature conditions(140°C–180°C)in a high pressure *** reaction in acidic environment(pH=3.3)suppressed the formation of the color imparting undesirable Maillard’s *** oxidative conditions resulted in higher volatile suspended solids(VSS)reduction(~90%)and chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal(~55%)whereas TH caused VSS and COD removals of~65%and~27%,respectively at a temperature of 180°*** TH,the concentrations of carbohydrates and proteins in treated sludge were 400–1000 mg/L and 1500–2500 mg/L,***,WO resulted in solids solubilization followed by oxidative degradation of organics into smaller molecular weight carboxylic acids such as acetic acid(~400–500 mg/L).Based on sludge transformation products generated during the hydrothermal pretreatments,simplified reaction pathways are ***,the application of macromolecules(such as proteins),VFAs and nutrients present in the treated sludge are also *** future study should focus on the development of economic recovery methods for various value-added compounds.

关键词： Hydrothermal pretreatment Reaction kinetics Reaction pathway Sewage sludge Thermal hydrolysis wet oxidation

wet oxidation of Al_x Ga_(1-x)As/GaAs Distributed Bragg Reflectors

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Journal of Semiconductors 2005年第8期26卷 1519-1523页

作者：李若园王占国徐波金鹏张春玲郭霞陈敏中国科学院半导体研究所材料科学重点实验室北京100083 北京工业大学光电子技术实验室北京100022

The wet oxidation of AlGaAs with high Al content in a distributed Bragg reflectors （DBR） is studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Some voids distribute along the oxide/GaAs interfaces due to the stress induced by the wet oxidation of the AlGaAs layers. These voids decrease the shrinkage of the Al2O3 layers to 8% instead of the theoretical 20% when compared to the unoxidized AlGaAs layers. With the extension of oxidation time, the reactants are more completely transported to the front interface and the products are more completely transported out along the porous interfaces. As a result,the oxide quality is better.

关键词： wet oxidation vertical cavity surface emitting laser distributed Bragg reflectors Al2O3 interface

Study on Catalytic wet oxidation of H_2S into Sulfur on Fe/Cu Catalyst

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2006年第1期15卷 63-69页

作者： Junfeng Zhang Zhiquan Tong Environmental Engineering Department of Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China

A wet catalytic oxidation at room temperature was investigated with solution containing ferric, ferrous and cupric ions for H2S removal. The experiments were carried out in a two step process, and the results obtained show that the removal efficiency of H2S can always reach 100% in a 300 mm scrubbing column with four sieve plates, and the regeneration of ferric ions in 200 mm bubble column can match the consumed ferric species in absorption. Removal of H2S, production of elemental sulfur and regeneration of ferric, cupric ions can all be accomplished at the same time. No raw material is consumed except O2 in flue gas or air, the process has no secondary pollution and no problem of catalyst degradation and congestion.

关键词： wet oxidation H2S catalytic sulfur ferric ion ferrous ion cupric ion

Microwave assisted wet oxidation of p-nitrophenol

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2005年第2期48卷 220-232页

作者： BO Longli CHEN Shuo QUAN Xie LIU Xitao ZHAO Huimin School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

Aqueous solution of p-nitrophenol(PNP)was treated continuously by microwave assisted wet oxidation while flowing through a granular activated carbon(GAC)fixed *** was pre-adsorbed onto GAC prior to being put into the reactor so as to prevent PNP adsorption on GAC during microwave *** solutions with different initial concentration(218.6 mg/L and 1200 mg/L)were treated under conditions of microwave power 500 W,liquid flow 6.4 mL/min and air flow 40 mL/min or 60 mL/*** results indicated that the removal of PNP was higher than 90%and more than 65%PNP was ***,nitrobenzene,hydroquinone and benzoquinone occurred as course products during the operation process,which were degraded *** biodegradability of the outflow was improved greatly by microwave assisted wet oxidation.

关键词： p-nitrophenol granular activated carbon fixed bed microwave wet oxidation

wet oxidation of Pharmaceutical Wastewater

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Wet Oxidation of Pharmaceutical Wastewater

作者： Umme Marium Ahmad 北京化工大学

学位级别：硕士

Pharmaceuticals in surface water,wastewaters and potable water have recently been recognized as emerging environmental contaminants which gives rise to a growing concern about the inevitable impact and risk to human health and the *** than 80 different pharmaceuticals up to the ppm level have been reported in aquatic environments around the *** confirms that conventional technologies do not eliminated pharmaceuticals from wastewater completely and require advanced treatment technologies to sustainably reduce and eliminate these hazardous chemicals and prevent pharmaceuticals ending up in the world’s water *** efficient treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater will allow for the safe disposal and recycling of previously toxic wastewaters for reuse in industrial processes and potentially human *** treatment of industrial pharmaceutical wastewater effluents through wet oxidation is studied and optimized.A simple one step method using SCWO is employed to achieve the removal of high levels of organic and inorganic impurities present in the pharmaceutical *** wastewater obtained from a penicillin manufacturing plant is combined with hydrogen peroxide and loaded into a micro bench-top pressure *** effect of time,temperature（70℃ to 200℃）,reactant ratio,pH and adsorbent GAC have been mapped and analysed through a series of water quality test,namely COD,ammonium ion test,and nitrate and nitrite ion *** optimized experimental conditions,efficient treatment of actual pharmaceutical wastewater was achieved,with removal of 100%chemical oxygen demand（COD）,98%nitrate ion,98%nitrite ion and 68%ammonium *** results suggest that WO process subcritical water apparatus is promising for the treatment of pharmaceutical *** study also lends itself well to possible scale-up *** the bench to pilot and pilot to industry,with the technology currently available,transition is extremely f

关键词： wet oxidation subcritical water apparatus pressure reactor chemical oxygen demand pharmaceutical industry wastewater treatment

Investigation on preparation of CuO-SnO_2-CeO_2/γ-Al_2O_3 catalysts for catalytic wet air oxidation process and their catalytic activity for degradation of phenol

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2008年第2期15卷 235-237页

作者：孙晓君张密林万家峰夏至刘晓慧刘慧 College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Heilongjiang University School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering Harbin University of Science and Technology

Catalytic wet Air oxidation process is an efficient measure for treatment of wastewater with great strength which is not biodegradable. Heterocatalysts now become the key investigation subject of catalytic wet air oxidation process due to their good stability and easy separation. In the paper, CuO-SnO2-CeOγ-Al2O3 catalysts are prepared by impregnation method, with SnO2 as a doping component, CuO as an active component, CeO2 as a structure stabilizer, γ-Al2O3 as a substrate. XPS test is carried out to investigate the effect of Sn on the chemical surrounding of Cu and O element on the catalyst surface and their catalytic activity. It is shown that the right doping of Sn can increase Cu^＋ content on the catalyst surface, as a result the quantity of adsorption oxygen is also increased. It is found that Cu^＋ content on the catalyst surface is one of the primary factors that determin catalytic activity of catalyst through analyzing the catalytic wet air oxidation process of phenol.

关键词： wet oxidation SnO2 Cu^+ phenol

Zinc oxide nanostructures and porous films produced by oxidation of zinc precursors in wet-oxygen atmosphere

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2011年第2期21卷 81-96页

作者： Rui-qun CHEN~1,Chong-wen ZOU~(1,2),Xiao-dong YAN~1,Wei GAO~1 1.Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering,University of Auckland, 20 Symonds Street,Private Bag 92019,Auckland 1142,New Zealand 2.National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Auckland 20 Symonds Street Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

wet oxidation can be used to produce high quality zinc oxide（ZnO） nanostructures at moderately high temperatures with low requirements of equipment and experimental *** precursor films were prepared by magnetron sputtering and controlled ZnO nanostructures were produced by oxidation of the Zn precursor films in wet *** growth mechanism of the ZnO nanowires and nanobelts in wet oxidation was discussed based on the experimental *** and nitrogen doping were realized in the wet oxidation process,with different *** structural and optical properties of the ZnO nanostructures were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, and photoluminescence（PL） measurements to understand the growth process of ZnO in wet *** production of ZnO porous films by wet oxidation process is also presented.

关键词： zinc oxide nanostructures wet oxidation

Removal of ammonia from aqueous solutions by catalytic oxidation with copper-based rare earth composite metal materials: catalytic performance, characterization, and cytotoxicity evaluation

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Journal of Rare Earths 2011年第7期29卷 632-637页

作者：洪彰懋 Department of Vehicle Engineering Yung-Ta Institute of Technology and Commerce 316 Chung-Shan Road Linlo Pingtung 909 Taiwan China

Ammonia （NH3） has an important use in the chemical industry and is widely found in industrial wastewater. For this investigation of copper-based rare earth composite metal materials, aqueous solutions containing 400 mg/L of ammonia were oxidized in a batch-bed reac-tor with a catalyst prepared by the co-precipitation of copper nitrate, lanthanum nitrate and cerium nitrate. Barely any of the dissolved ammo-nia was removed by wet oxidation without a catalyst, but about 88% of the ammonia was reduced during wet oxidation over the catalysts at 423 K with an oxygen partial pressure of 4.0 MPa. The catalytic redox behavior was determined by cyclic voltammetry （CV）. Furthermore, the catalysts were characterized using thermogravimetric analyzer （TGA） and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （SEM-EDX）, which showed that the catalytic behavior was related to the metal oxide properties of the catalyst. In addition, the copper-lanthanum-cerium composite-induced cytotoxicity in the human lung MRC-5 cell line was tested, and the percentage cell survival was determined by 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-5-（3-carboxymethoxyphenyl）-2-（4-sulfophenyl）-2H-tetra-zolium （MTS） analysis in vitro. No ap-parent cytotoxicity was observed when the human lung cells were exposed to the copper-lanthanum-cerium composite.

关键词： wet oxidation ammonia copper-lanthanum-cerium composite metal catalyst cytotoxicity rare earths

Comparison of deep desulfurization methods in alumina production process

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Journal of Central South University 2015年第10期22卷 3745-3750页

作者：刘战伟李旺兴马文会尹中林武国宝 Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Cleaning Utilization in Yunnan Province/The National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy (Kunming University of Science and Technology) Zhengzhou Research Institute of CHALCO

Several methods of deep desulfurization in alumina production process were studied, and the costs of these methods were compared. It is found that most of the S2- in sodium aluminate solution can be removed by adding sodium nitrate or hydrogen peroxide in digestion process, and in this way the effect of S2- on alumina product quality is eliminated. However, the removal efficiency of 2?32OS in sodium aluminate solution is very low by this method. Both S2- and 2?32OS in sodium aluminate solution can be removed completely by wet oxidation method in digestion process. The cost of desulfurization by wet oxidation is lower than by adding sodium nitrate or hydrogen peroxide. The results of this research reveal that wet oxidation is an economical and feasible method for the removal of sulfur in alumina production process to improve alumina quality, and provide valuable guidelines for alumina production by high-sulfur bauxite.

关键词： high-sulfur bauxite alumina production desulfurization wet oxidation