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Simple weighing lysimeters for measuring evapotranspiration and developing crop coefficients

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2012年第3期5卷 35-43页

作者： Daniel K.Fisher Crop Production Systems Research Unit USDA-ARSStonevilleMS38776USA

Knowledge of cotton crop evapotranspiration(ET)is important in scheduling irrigations,optimizing crop production,and modeling ET and crop *** ability to measure,estimate,and predict ET and cotton crop water requirements can result in better satisfying the crop’s water needs and improving water use *** lysimeters have been used for many years to measure and study water use,and to develop crop-coefficient functions necessary in estimating *** weighing lysimeters,consisting of a steel outer tank and inner tank,electronic loadcell assemblies,and a PVC drain system,were designed,constructed,and *** lysimeter cost approximately US$1700(in 2001)in materials,required two people and 40 hours of labor to construct,and were installed by two people using minimal excavation and hand *** ET data for cotton were collected from 2003 to 2006 to quantify cotton water-use and to develop crop coefficient *** water use ranged generally from 2 to 8 mm/*** water-use patterns varied considerably among growing seasons due to variable environmental and crop-growth conditions,making determination of an“average”crop-coefficient function difficult.

关键词： weighing lysimeter evapotranspiration crop coefficient water use efficiency cotton

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Water Budget Analysis of Red Soils in Central Jiangxi Province, China

引用

Pedosphere 2004年第2期14卷 241-246页

作者： CHENJia-Zhou HEYuan-Qiu CHENMing-Liangt CollegeofResourcesandEnvironment HuazhongAgriculturalUniversityWuhan430070（China）.E-mail：whcjz@263net InstituteofSoilScience ChineseAcademyofSciencesNanjing210008（China）

The daily soil water budgets in the red soil areas of central Jiangxi Province,southern China,were investigated with a large-scale weighing lysimeter and runoff plots. From 1998 to 2000,peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) and rape (Brassica napus L.) were planted in the lysimeter and in 1999,peanuts were planted in the runoff plots. The soil water budget components including rainfall,runoff,percolation and evapotranspiration were measured directly or calculated by Richards' equation and water balance equation. The results showed that most rainfall,including rainstorms,occurred from March to July,and induced the greatest soil water percolation during the year. The evapotranspiration was still large from July to September when rainfall was minimal. Thus,the lack of synchronization in soil water inputs and losses was disadvantageous to crops growing in this region. Among the soil water losses,percolation was the largest,followed by evapotranspiration,and then soil runoff. Runoff was very small on farmland with crops. It was significantly different from the uncultivated uplands where large-scale runoff was usually reported. The soil water storage fluctuated sinusoidally,with a large amplitude in the rainy season and a small amplitude in the dry season.

关键词： red soil runoff plot water budget weighing lysimeter

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