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The influence of stocking levels,clone,fertilization,and weed control on surface CO_(2)efflux in a mid-rotation Pinus radiata *** plantation in Canterbury,New Zealand

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第6期32卷 2567-2575页

作者： Mohan KC Euan G.Mason Horacio E.Bown School of Forestry University of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800ChristchurchNew Zealand Ministry of Industry TourismForests and EnvironmentHetaudaBagmati ProvinceNepal Faculty of Forestry University of ChileP.O.Box 9206SantiagoChile

Silvicultural practices applied in managed forest plantations may help counteract the effects of climate change by influencing soil surface CO_(2)efflux(Fs).Understanding the effects of silvicultural practices on Fs will provide unbiased estimates of carbon fluxes and allow better silvicultural decisions for carbon ***,we assessed how Fs differed seasonally across silvicultural practices(i.e.,stocking levels,clone,fertilization and weed control treatments)and evaluated the effects of soil temperature(Ts)and soil volumetric water content(θv)on Fs across these practices for a mid-rotation(14 year-old)Pinus radiata plantation in the Canterbury region of New *** were significant differences in Fs(pweed control applied 12 years previously on Fs were *** estimate of Fs(mean±1 standard deviation)from the study site was 22.7±7.1 t ha^(-1)a^(-1)in the form of CO_(2)(6.2±2.1 t ha^(-1)a^(-1)in the form of C).Fs values were consistently higher in plots with 1250 stems ha^(-1)compared to 2500 stems ha^(-1),which may be related to a strong soil resource limitation because of the close spacing in the latter *** differences in Fs across clones suggest that variations in carbon partitioning might explain their growth *** treatments influenced Fs response to soil temperature(p<0.05),resulting in models explaining 28-49%of the total variance in *** findings provide insights into how silvicultural management decisions may impact Fs in mid-rotation radiata pine plantations,contributing towards developing more precise and unbiased plantation carbon budgets.

关键词： Clone Silvicultural practices Soil CO_(2)efflux Stocking weed control

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Effect of wood chip application on root growth of oak seedling and weed control in northern Iran

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第3期24卷 607-610页

作者： Armin Mashayekhan Seyed Mohammad Hojjati Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University Sari-P.O.B: 737 Iran

It was hypothesized that wood chips can serve as a mulch to improve the growth of young trees by facilitating the development of their root systems, inhibiting weed germination, and suppressing weed growth. The present study was carried out in Ghorogh Nursery, Golestan Northern Iran, in order to investigate the impact of wood chips applica- tion on root growth of oak （Quercus castaneifolia） seedlings and control of weed. A three centimeter wood chip layer was used on the soil surface as the mulch treatment with bare soil as the control. The number of new roots, the length of exciting roots and the density of weeds were meas- ured after 5 and 12 weeks. Results showed that wood chip application had significant positive effect on the length of excising roots after 5 and 12 weeks compared with control seedlings. Also, weeds were reduced to near zero levels in treated plot. Our findings suggested that wood chip layer on the soil surface in the nursery can conserve soil moisture and prevent nutrient leaching from the rooting zone as well as diminish weed growth which consequently lead to production of high quality seedling.

关键词： Mulch root growth Quercus castaneifolia weed control Ghorogh Nursery Golestan Province Iran

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Crop plant signaling for real-time plant identification in smart farm: A systematic review and new concept in artificial intelligence for automated weed control

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2020年第1期4卷 262-271页

作者： Wen-Hao Su China Agricultural University College of Engineering17 Qinghua East RoadHaidianBeijing 100083China University of California-Davis Department of Biological and Agricultural EngineeringOne Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA

The continued emergence of herbicide-resistant weeds and the increasing labor costs are threatening the ability of growers to manage weeds and maintain *** smart farm with the advantage of non-invasive and high-efficiency operation plays an important role in increasing the sustainability of agricultural system as it can optimize crop inputs such as herbicides while preserving resources including soil and *** automatic weed control system requires a sensing subsystem capable of detecting and distinguishing crop plants from *** overlapping plants remain a challenge for successful detection of *** plant signaling is a new robot-plant interaction technique that allows the visualization of exogenous fluorescent signals applied to crop plants for crop/weed *** on all published articles in the leading edge of knowledge,a comprehensive review of the mushrooming crop plant signaling for discriminations of weeds and crops is *** discussion outlines the significant progress that has been made in developing new and more robust automated systems along with the current challenges and future *** paper details the promise of crop plant signaling for accurate and automated plant recognitions in cropping *** is no doubt that this review is of great significance to scholars in related research field to study the solutions to real-time weed control.

关键词： Crop plant signaling Robot-plant interaction Fluorescent compound weed control

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A Computer System for Forecasting the Threshold Period for Crop weed control

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第11期7卷 1394-1402页

作者： LI Jing-tao ZOU Ping GU Lin FU Yang CUI Hua-wei ZHANG Xing-tao CAI Chang-shu Kunming University of Science ＆ Technology Kunming 650051 PR.China Yunnan Normal University Kunming 650091 P.R.China Kunming Plant Protection Station Kunming 650101 P.R. China Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 P.R.China Kunming Railway Mechanical School Kunming 650208 P.R.China

In this article, a model of a weed control threshold forecast system has been established, with related model solving, data checking, database setting up, and system engineering illustration. Moreover, it is tested by a software with data from a sugar cane planting experimental field in Yunnan, China. The methodology behind the detailed system analysis, design, and engineering has been discussed. The issue of how to create a dynamic data-dependent forecast model of a threshold forecast system, whose threshold changes according to the change of planting environment has been solved. Hence an effective solution has been initiated for further development on an agricultural expert system.

关键词： weed control threshold forecast system

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Comparison of efficiencies and costs of different weed control methods in paddy production in Iran

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2012年第2期5卷 28-33页

作者： Reza Tabatabaekoloor Hasan Yousefnia pasha Jafar Hashemi Department of Farm Machinery Sari Agricultural Scieneces and Natural Resources UniversitySariIran

Using of efficient and inexpensive method for weed control has an important role in increasing efficiency and reducing costs of *** this study,field experiments were carried out to evaluate the efficiency and costs of several weed control methods in paddy production during summer in Mazandaran,the north province of Iran in *** weed control treatments(T1 to T7)were applied at three stages of rice growth(20 and 35 days after transplanting and grain harvesting time).weed density,weed dry weight,labor used and economical comparison were determined in the basis of a complete randomized block design with three *** showed that there were no significant differences among efficiencies of six treatments(except for weedy check method(T6)treatment).The minimum weed density and dry weight were obtained at herbicide+hand weeding once(T5)and herbicide application once(T7)treatments during all three *** costs of weed control were different among the *** of control method has an important role in reducing *** weeding twice method(T1),because of its high weeding cost,hard work and worker restriction in the required time,is not *** weeding twice method(T2),due to its zero environment pollution,reducing costs of weed control and high benefit/cost,is the best and most appropriate *** of weed damage in weedy check method(T6)varied between 30.5%and 45.3%.

关键词： weed control paddy production economic evaluation mechanical weeding chemical weeding yield

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weed control Strips Influences on the Rubber Tree Growth

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第8期5卷 1059-1068页

作者： Caio Doria Guzzo Leonardo Bde Carvalho Pedro Luis da CAAlves Elaine Cristine Piffer Goncalves Paulo FGiancotti UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e VeterináriasJaboticabalBrazil UDESC Universidade do Estado de Santa CatarinaLagesBrazil APTA Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos AgronegóciosColinaBrazil

Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) is the most widely cultivated tree species for producing natural rubber latex whose productivity can be reduced by weeds. Field experiment was carried out during two years to evaluate the growth of rubber tree plants submitted to different weed control strips (0-weed-free, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400-(weedy cm) and to determine the critical width of weed control strip during the establishment of rubber tree plantation. weed community was composed mainly by Urochloa decumbens (90%). The width of the weed control strip influenced on the initial plant growth of rubber trees, reducing the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and aboveground dry mass accumulation. In consequence, crop plantation was affected by the width of weed control. The critical width of the weed control strip for establishment of a rubber tree plantation was within 100 cm.

关键词： Hevea brasiliensis Urochloa decumbens weed control weed Interference

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A Potential weed control Using Robotic Implement

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Journal of Life Sciences 2014年第5期8卷 473-480页

作者： Kwang Ho Park Soo Hyun Kim Young Kuk Kim Han Jong Joo Yoon Shik Hong Jee Hyong Kim Keun Mo Koo Department of Food Crops Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries Hwaseong 445-760 Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon 305- 701 Republic of Korea Unmanned Technology Research Center Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea Duksan Mecasys Co. Ltd. 7F 6th Byucksan Digital Valley 481-4 Gasan-Dong Geumcheon-Gu Seou1153-704 Republic of Korea

The research was conducted to develop a robot that can navigate a paddy in between rows or hills which were transplanted by the machine transplanter with equal distance. An initial prototype robotic battery-type weeder was manufactured and tested to navigate and control weeds in rice paddy fields, but a speed was so slow, and thus second engine-type prototype was developed. A working acreage for weed control has been attained at and up to 0.8 ha/day. Small and young weed seedlings were uprooted and destroyed by passive devices in between rows as well as hills. This robot was smoothly navigated in between rows on behalf of the guidance under camera and sensor systems and control weeds with mechanical by the use of implements such as passive rotary weeders and then weeds would be cut and buried into the soils. Also muddy water was generated during operation which was none penetrated by light for weed germination to occur. The authors concluded that the robotic was an effective alternative implement to control weeds in lowland rice paddy as long as this tool was systematically introduced into the rice fields at three time intervals, viz. 15-20 days, 25-30days, and 35-40 days after transplanting of rice seedlings.

关键词： Rice transplanting weed control robotic weeder.

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Effects of Different Herbicides on weed control,Agronomic Characters and Grain Quality of Coix lacryma-jobi L.

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Plant Diseases and Pests 2022年第5期13卷 21-24页

作者： Maohong AO Zhiqin SONG Xiaoyu YANG Institute of Subtropical Crops Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingyi 562400China Institute of Crop Variety Resources Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550000China

[Objectives]The paper was to study the effects of different herbicides on weed control,agronomic characters and grain quality of Coix lacryma-jobi L.[Methods]Six commonly used herbicides were selected for the trial,including atrazine SC,butachlor SC,monosulfuron WP,MCPA-starane EC,clopyralid AS and tribenuron-methyl WP.[Results](i)Atrazine,butachlor and monosulfuron had no chemical injury to ***-jobi L.,while clopyralid caused slight chemical injury.(ii)The fresh weight control effects of atrazine,butachlor and monosulfuron on weeds increased first and then *** initial control effect of MCPA-starane and clopyralid reached more than 90%;the control effect of monosulfuron increased gradually in the late stage,reaching 97%at 60 d post spraying,and the overall control effect was optimal.(iii)Compared with manual weeding,herbicides had no significant effect on plant height of ***-jobi ***,compared with no weeding,other herbicides except tribenuron-methyl inhibited plant growth to a certain *** had different effects on main stem diameter,tiller number per plant and grain number per plant of ***-jobi L.(iv)Different herbicides had no significant effect on 100-grain weight,but had significant effect on yield.(v)Compared with manual weeding,atrazine,butachlor and clopyralid decreased the protein content of ***-jobi L.,and the use of atrazine,butachlor,monosulfuron,MCPA-starane and tribenuron-methyl decreased the fat content of ***-jobi L.;butachlor and MCPA-starane decreased the glycerol trioleate content of ***-jobi *** with no weeding,chemical herbicides had no significant effect on the protein content,while atrazine decreased the fat content,and butachlor and MCPA-starane decreased the glycerol trioleate content of ***-jobi L.[Conclusions]The use of herbicides significantly increases crop yield compared with no weeding,but has an impact on agronomic characters and grain quality.

关键词： Herbicide Coix lacryma-jobi L. weed control Agronomic character Grain quality

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Effects of irrigation and weed-control methods on growth of weed and rice

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2014年第5期7卷 22-33页

作者： Jacob Jeremiah Towa Guo Xiangping Key Laboratory of High-Effective Irrigation and Drainage and Agricultural Water and Soil Environment in Southern China Ministry of EducationHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Irrigation and Technical Services Division Ministry of AgricultureFood Security and CooperativeDar es Salaama9192Tanzania

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of weeds control methods and an irrigation model on rice growth as well as water consumption and weed quantity in the paddy *** conventional paddy rice production,one of the most important irrigated crops,a significant amount of irrigation water is lost due to percolation and evaporation.A new irrigation model called the Rain-Catching and controlled Irrigation(RCCI)model has been developed as a viable water-saving technology in the production of paddy *** this study the performance of the RCCI model has been analyzed under mulching,hand weeding and weedy conditions in Jiangsu Province of *** experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design(RCBD)with three replications and nine *** three replicates consisted of three water management regimes:high dry high flooding(HD-HF),high dry low flooding(HD-LF),and shallow and frequent irrigation(SF)water *** RCCI model was adopted in HD-HF and HD-LF while Flooding Irrigation(CFI)was adopted in SF as a *** nine treatments were equally divided under mulching,hand weeding and weedy *** lowest and maximum irrigation water delivery was 244.86 mm in mulching and 429.22 mm in hand weeding,respectively at *** the lowest and maximum irrigation water delivery was 300.1 mm in the mulching field and 680.72 mm under hand weeding,respectively at *** Nanjing 44 rice variety was *** was observed that weed density and dry weight were significantly influenced by the amount of irrigation water in all the mulching,hand weeding and weedy *** yield and the number of irrigations,the RCCI model produced better results than *** under RCCI was an effective method to control weeds and reduce labor *** addition,mulching decreases the use of herbicides and the risk of *** the other hand,mulching could improve yield and save water.

关键词： irrigation weed control mulching hand weeding RCCI weed population agronomy traits paddy rice

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DEVELOPMENT DIRECTION OF THE DAI NATIONALITY'S RICE PRODUCTION VIEWED FROM THE weed control TECHNIQUES IN PADDY FIELDS OF XISHUANGBANNA

DEVELOPMENT DIRECTION OF THE DAI NATIONALITY'S RICE PRODUCTI...

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中国第三届植物化感作用学术研讨会、第八届全国杂草科学大会、联合国粮农组织——中国“水稻化感作用论坛”

作者： Zhao-xiang HUI Kunming Bureau of Agriculture,Kunming 650034

The author studies the species of major weed,occurrence characteristics and changes in control techniques from hand weeding to chemical control by herbicides oxyfluorfen, bensulfuron-methyl+metsulfuron-methyl,bensulfuron-methyl,butachlor and ethachlor in transplanted paddy fields in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan *** results show that standard cultivation of non-polluted rice is very important to help Dai nationality to develop modern rice production technology and necessary to promote agricultural quality and benefit in this area.

关键词： Xishuangbanna rice production weed control

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