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Design of protective and high sensitivity encapsulation layers in wearable devices

Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第1期66卷 223-232页

作者： WANG XiuFeng HUANG JieLong LIU YangChengYi TAN JinYuan CHEN ShangDa AVILA Raudel XIE ZhaoQian School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan UniversityXiangian 41105China Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment Department of Engineering MechanicsDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China

Elastomeric encapsulation layers are widely used in soft, wearable devices to physically isolate rigid electronic components from external environmental stimuli(e.g., stress) and facilitate device sterilization for reusability. In devices experiencing large deformations, the stress-isolation effect of the top encapsulation layer can eliminate the damage to the electronic components caused by external forces. However, for health monitoring and sensing applications, the strain-isolation effect of the bottom encapsulation layer can partially block the physiological signals of interest and degrade the measurement accuracy. Here, an analytic model is developed for the strain-and stress-isolation effects present in wearable devices with elastomeric encapsulation layers. The soft, elastomeric encapsulation layers and main electronic components layer are modeled as transversely isotropicelastic mediums and the strain-and stress-isolation effects are described using isolation indexes. The analysis and results show that the isolation effects strongly depend on the thickness, density, and elastic modulus of both the elastomeric encapsulation layers and the main electronic component layer. These findings, combined with the flexible mechanics design strategies of wearable devices, provide new design guidelines for future wearable devices to protect them from external forces while capturing the relevant physiological signals underneath the skin.

关键词： strain-isolation effect stress-isolation effect elastomeric encapsulation transversely isotropic medium wearable devices

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Facilely prepared layer-by-layer graphene membrane-based pressure sensor with high sensitivity and stability for smart wearable devices

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第10期42卷 241-247页

作者： Tao Liu Caizhen Zhu Wei Wu Kai-Ning Liao Xianjing Gong Qijun Sun Robert K.Y.Li Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Mechanical and Automotive EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China

With the prosperous development of artificial intelligence,medical diagnosis and electronic skins,wearable electronic devices have drawn much attention in our daily *** pressure sensors based on carbon materials with ultrahigh sensitivity,especially in a large pressure range regime are highly required in wearable *** this work,graphene membrane with a layer-by-layer structure has been successfully fabricated via a facile self-assembly and air-drying(SAAD)*** the SAAD process,air-drying the self-assembled graphene hydrogels contributes to the uniform and compact layer structure in the obtained *** to the excellent mechanical and electrical properties of graphene,the pressure sensor constructed by several layers of membranes exhibits high sensitivity(52.36 kPa……-1)and repeatability(short response and recovery time)in the loading pressure range of 0–50 *** with most reported graphene-related pressure sensors,our device shows better sensitivity and wider applied pressure ***’s more,we demonstrate it shows desired results in wearable applications for pulse monitoring,breathing detection as well as different intense motion recording such as walk,run and ***’s hoped that the facilely prepared layer-by-layer graphene membrane-based pressure sensors will have more potential to be used for smart wearable devices in the future.

关键词： Graphene membrane Self-assembly High sensitivity wearable devices Human motions

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wearable devices and IoT applications for symptom detection, infection tracking, and diffusion containment of the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021年第11期22卷 1413-1442页

作者： Roberto DEFAZIO Nicola Ivan GIANNOCCARO Miguel CARRASCO Ramiro VELAZQUEZ Paolo VISCONTI Department of Innovation Engineering University of SalentoLecce73100Italy Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Universidad Adolfo IbáñezPeñalolénSantiago7941169Chile Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad PanamericanaAguascalientes20290Mexico

Until a safe and effective vaccine to fight the SARS-CoV-2 virus is developed and available for the global population, preventive measures, such as wearable tracking and monitoring systems supported by Internet of Things(IoT) infrastructures, are valuable tools for containing the pandemic. In this review paper we analyze innovative wearable systems for limiting the virus spread, early detection of the first symptoms of the coronavirus disease COVID-19 infection, and remote monitoring of the health conditions of infected patients during the quarantine. The attention is focused on systems allowing quick user screening through ready-to-use hardware and software components. Such sensor-based systems monitor the principal vital signs, detect symptoms related to COVID-19 early, and alert patients and medical staff. Novel wearable devices for complying with social distancing rules and limiting interpersonal contagion(such as smart masks) are investigated and analyzed. In addition, an overview of implantable devices for monitoring the effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system is presented. Then we report an overview of tracing strategies and technologies for containing the COVID-19 pandemic based on IoT technologies, wearable devices, and cloud computing. In detail, we demonstrate the potential of radio frequency based signal technology, including Bluetooth Low Energy(BLE), Wi-Fi, and radio frequency identification(RFID), often combined with Apps and cloud technology. Finally, critical analysis and comparisons of the different discussed solutions are presented, highlighting their potential and providing new insights for developing innovative tools for facing future pandemics.

关键词： wearable devices IoT health-monitoring applications Medical sensors COVID-19 pandemic Symptom detection

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Research on urban intelligent fashion advertising service model based on wearable devices

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服饰导刊 2020年第3期9卷 16-22页

作者： Zhen Chen Zhi Tang Shunqi Mei School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Wuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430073 China Hubei Digital Textile Equipment Key Laboratory Wuhan 430073 China School of Fashion Wuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430073 China

We are developing a novel wearable devices called the urban intelligent fashion *** system is mobile information devices capable of supporting remote communication and intelligent interaction between *** this paper,we explore the possible functions of such a wearable devices and will present the service-based architecture combing the hardware and the *** architecture involves two major *** first part is hardware design,which includes microcontroller,display part,communication module,and positioning system *** second part is software design,which is a real-time interactive system that includes signal reception,position detection,and user workload ***,we use the interactive concept and interactive technology to construct the urban fashion advertising service model,and elaborate on its business ***,we present sustainability development recommendations for the proposed service model.

关键词： urban intelligent fashion advertising service sustainable development wearable devices interactive concept and interactive technology

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Integrated photonic convolution acceleration core for wearable devices

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Opto-Electronic Science 2023年第12期2卷 16-25页

作者： Baiheng Zhao Junwei Cheng Bo Wu Dingshan Gao Hailong Zhou Jianji Dong Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Optics Valley Laboratory Wuhan 430074China

With the advancement of deep learning and neural networks,the computational demands for applications in wearable devices have grown ***,wearable devices also have strict requirements for long battery life,low power consumption,and compact *** this work,we propose a scalable optoelectronic computing system based on an integrated optical convolution acceleration *** system enables high-precision computation at the speed of light,achieving 7-bit accuracy while maintaining extremely low power *** also demonstrates peak throughput of 3.2 TOPS(tera operations per second)in parallel *** have successfully demonstrated image convolution and the typical application of an interactive first-person perspective gesture recognition application based on depth *** system achieves a comparable recognition accuracy to traditional electronic computation in all blind tests.

关键词： optoelectronic compute wearable devices micro-ring resonator hand gesture recognition

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The applications of wearable devices in the rehabilitation of ankle injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Medicine in Novel Technology and devices 2023年第1期17卷 86-95页

作者： Xiaoya Wang Jihong Qiu Daniel T.P.Fong College of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesShandongChina Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine School of SportExercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK

wearable devices have been used in the treatment and rehabilitation of ankle *** article systematically reviewed the trials that summarize and evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation treatment after an ankle *** databases,PubMed(1974–2021),Embase,and Web of Science(1950–2021),were *** intervention was any wearable device,and the outcome measures were Activities Scale for Kids performance(ASKp),Foot and Ankle Outcome Score(FAOS),American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS),Olerud-Molander Ankle Score(OMAS),and Circumference as measured by any validated outcome *** independent authors evaluated the studies with the Cochrane risk-of-bias *** papers were included,involving 476 participants,with a mean age of 29.3±6.7 *** mean duration of wearable devices was 3.83 weeks,and the mean length of training was 3.75 *** devices achieved better results compared with control on the functional performance(standardized mean difference[SMD]0.66;95%confidence interval[CI]0.29 to 1.04;I^(2)=76%;Pdevices are a promising approach that has positive effects on ankle injuries in terms of functional performance and reducing the extent of *** is insufficient evidence from randomized controlled trials(RCTs)to support this for ankle injury patients using wearable ***,there is an need for well-conducted randomized controlled trials investigating more adaptive orthoses to achieve more effective strategies for early functional *** registration number:CRD42021246289.

关键词： wearable devices Ankle injuries Functional performance Ankle score Swelling Rehabilitation

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On Monetizing Personal wearable devices Data:A Blockchain-based Marketplace for Data Crowdsourcing and Federated Machine Learning in Healthcare

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Artificial Intelligence Advances 2022年第2期4卷 8-16页

作者： Mohamed Emish Hari Kishore Chaparala Zeyad Kelani Sean D.Young Department of Informatics University of CaliforniaIrvine92697United States of America Department of Political Science Faculty of Economics and Political Science Cairo UniversityEgypt Department of Emergency Medicine University of CaliforniaIrvine92697United States of America

Machine learning advancements in healthcare have made data collected through smartphones and wearable devices a vital source of public health and medical *** wearable device data help to monitor,detect,and predict diseases and health conditions,some data owners hesitate to share such sensitive data with companies or researchers due to privacy ***,wearable devices have been recently available as commercial products;thus large,diverse,and representative datasets are not available to most *** this article,the authors propose an open marketplace where wearable device users securely monetize their wearable device records by sharing data with consumers(e.g.,researchers)to make wearable device data more available to healthcare *** secure the data transactions in a privacy-preserving manner,the authors use a decentralized approach using Blockchain and Non-Fungible Tokens(NFTs).To ensure data originality and integrity with secure validation,the marketplace uses Trusted Execution Environments(TEE)in wearable devices to verify the correctness of health *** marketplace also allows researchers to train models using Federated Learning with a TEE-backed secure aggregation of data users may not be willing to *** ensure user participation,we model incentive mechanisms for the Federated Learning-based and anonymized data-sharing approaches using *** authors also propose using payment channels and batching to reduce smart contact gas fees and optimize user *** widely adopted,it’s believed that TEE and Blockchain-based incentives will promote the ethical use of machine learning with validated wearable device data in healthcare and improve user participation due to incentives.

关键词： wearable devices Data integrity Data validation Federated learning Blockchain Trusted execution environment Health informatics Healthcare data collection Data monetization

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Self-powered and self-sensing devices based on piezoelectric energy harvesting

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1631-1667页

作者： CHEN GanTong ZHU Yue HUANG DongMei ZHOU ShengXi School of Aeronautics Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710072China School of Mathematics and Statistics Xidian UniversityXi’an710071China

wearable devices,interactive human-machine interface equipment,wireless sensors,and small-scale cleaning devices play crucial roles in biomedical implantation,disease treatment,health monitoring,environmental purification,*** devices require a sustainable energy source to work *** the consideration of the global energy crisis and environmental pollution,researchers are exploring new,stable,and environmentally friendly methods to power these low-powered *** energy is one of the most abundant natural energy *** mechanical energy from the ambient environment or host structures into electrical energy via the direct piezoelectric effect is an efficient energy harvesting *** paper reviews the application of advanced piezoelectric materials,and small-scale self-powered and self-sensing piezoelectric devices at the cubic centimeter scale in energy harvesting and health monitoring of human,animal,machinery,roads,bridges,as well as the pollutant degradation of the *** of these devices have the capability to not only harvest mechanical energy but also enable real-time monitoring and analysis of the electrical signals generated by the direct piezoelectric effect,facilitating prompt decision-making and appropriate *** addition,potential challenges and future prospects of small-scale self-powered and self-sensing piezoelectric devices are discussed.

关键词： piezoelectric energy harvesting self-powered self-sensing wearable devices implantable devices

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Nanomaterial-assisted wearable glucose biosensors for noninvasive real-time monitoring:Pioneering point-of-care and beyond

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Nano Materials Science 2024年第3期6卷 263-283页

作者： Moein Safarkhani Abdullah Aldhaher Golnaz Heidari Ehsan Nazarzadeh Zare Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani Omid Akhavan YunSuk Huh Navid Rabiee NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center Department of Biological Sciences and BioengineeringInha UniversityIncheon22212Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Sharif University of TechnologyTehranIran School of Natural Sciences Massey UniversityPrivate Bag 11222Palmerston North4410New Zealand School of Chemistry Damghan UniversityDamghan36716-45667Iran School of Biomedical Engineering University of Technology SydneySydneyNSW2007Australia Department of Physics Sharif University of TechnologyP.O.Box 11155-9161TehranIran Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics Murdoch UniversityPerthWA 6150Australia School of Engineering Macquarie UniversitySydneyNew South Wales2109Australia

This review explores glucose monitoring and management strategies,emphasizing the need for reliable and userfriendly wearable sensors that are the next generation of sensors for continuous glucose *** addition,examines key strategies for designing glucose sensors that are multi-functional,reliable,and cost-effective in a variety of *** unique features of effective diabetes management technology are highlighted,with a focus on using nano/biosensor devices that can quickly and accurately detect glucose levels in the blood,improving patient treatment and control of potential diabetes-related *** potential of next-generation wearable and touch-sensitive nano biomedical sensor engineering designs for providing full control in assessing implantable,continuous glucose monitoring is also *** challenges of standardizing drug or insulin delivery doses,low-cost,real-time detection of increased blood sugar levels in diabetics,and early digital health awareness controls for the adverse effects of injectable medication are identified as unmet ***,the market for biosensors is expected to expand significantly due to the rising need for portable diagnostic equipment and an ever-increasing diabetic *** paper concludes by emphasizing the need for further research and development of glucose biosensors to meet the stringent requirements for sensitivity and specificity imposed by clinical diagnostics while being cost-effective,stable,and durable.

关键词： Glucose sensor Biosensor wearable devices Noninvasive Real-time monitoring

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Highly stretchable double-network gel electrolytes integrated with textile electrodes for wearable thermo-electrochemical cells

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SusMat 2024年第4期4卷 77-89页

作者： Yuetong Zhou Ding Zhang Shuai Zhang Yuqing Liu Rujun Ma Gordon Wallace Jun Chen School of Materials Science and Engineering National Institute for Advanced MaterialsNankai UniversityTianjinChina Intelligent Polymer Research Institute ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials ScienceAustralian Institute for Innovative MaterialsUniversity of WollongongNorth WollongongNew South WalesAustralia State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina

Thermo-electrochemical cells(TECs)provide a new potential for self-powered devices by converting heat energy into ***,challenges still remain in the fabrication of flexible and tough gel electrolytes and their compat-ibility with redox actives;otherwise,contact problems exist between electrolytes and electrodes during stretching or ***,a novel robust and neutral hydrogel with outstanding stretchability was developed via double-network of crosslinked carboxymethyl chitosan and polyacrylamide,which accommodated both n-type(Fe^(2+)/Fe^(3+))and p-type([Fe(CN)_(6)]^(3-)/[Fe(CN)_(6)]^(4-))redox couples and maintained stretchability(>300%)and recoverability(95%compression).Moreover,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)textile elec-trodes with porous structure are integrated into gel electrolytes that avoid contact issues and effectively boost the P_(max) of n-and p-type thermocell by 76%and 26%,*** optimized thermocell exhibits a quick current density response and is continually fully operational under deformations,which satisfies the working conditions of wearable *** thermocells(four pairs)are effectively connected in alternating single n-and p-type cells in series and out-putted nearly 74.3 mV atΔT=10℃.The wearable device is manufactured into a soft-pack thermocells to successfully harvest human body heat and illuminate an LED,demonstrating the potential of the actual application of the thermocell devices.

关键词： human body heat porous textile electrodes stretchable double-network hydrogel electrolytes thermo-electrochemical cells wearable devices

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