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Slippery Surface of Nepenthes alata Pitcher： The Role of Lunate Cell and wax crystal in Restricting Attachment Ability of Ant Camponotus japonicus Mayr

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2016年第3期13卷 373-387页

作者： Lixin Wang Shiyun Dong Qiang Zhou College of Mechanical Engineering Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang 050018 China National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing Academy of Armord Forces Engineering Beijing 100072 China Department of Mechatronic Engineering China Agricultural Universing Beijing 100083 China

This study attempts to investigate how the slippery surface of Nepenthes alata pitchers restricts the attachment ability of ant Camponotus japonicus Mayr, via climbing behavior observation and friction force measurement. Ants exhibited ineffective climbing behaviors and rather small friction forces when attached to upward-oriented slippery surfaces, but opposite phenomena were shown when on inverted surfaces. Friction forces of intact, claw tip-removed and pad-destroyed ants were measured on intact and de-waxed slippery surfaces, exploring the roles of wax crystals and lunate cells in restricting ant＇s attachment. On downward-directed slippery surfaces, greater forces were exhibited by intact and pad-destroyed ants; on the two slippery sur- faces, pad-destroyed ants presented slightly smaller forces and clawless ants generated considerably smaller forces. Somewhat different force was provided by clawless ants on upward and downward oriented slippery surfaces, and slightly higher force was shown when ants climbed on wax-removed surface. Results indicate that the lunate cells contribute greatly to decrease the friction force, whereas the wax crystals perform a supplementary role. Mechanical analysis suggests that the directionally growing lunate cells possess a sloped structure that effectively prevents the claw＇s mechanical interlock, reducing the ant＇s attachment ability considerably. Our conclusion supports a further interpretation of slippery surface＇s anti-attachment mecha- nism, also provides theoretical reference to develop biomimetic slippery plate to trap agricultural insect.

关键词： biotribology Nepenthes alata pitcher slippery surface lunate cell wax crystal ant Camponotusjaponicus Mayr

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Study on the effect of CH_(4) dissolution on the microstructure of wax crystal in waxy crude oil

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Petroleum Science 2022年第4期19卷 1853-1865页

作者： Bing-Fan Li Man-Ping Yang Gang Liu Li-Ming Zheng Chao Yang School of Vehicles and Energy Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004HebeiChina University of Petroleum(East China) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil&GasStorage and Transportation SafetyQingdao266580ShandongChina Technology Inspection Center of Shengli Oilfield SINOPECDongying257000China

In this work, the influence of the dissolution of methane(CH_(4)) gas on the wax crystal of waxy crude oil and the effect on the rheology of crude oil by dissolved CH_(4) were studied comprehensively. A self-deign high-pressure micro visualization device was developed to analyze wax crystals before and after gas dissolution. The crude oil from Shengli and Nanyang was tested by the device under various gas pressures. Results showed that the viscosity, maximum shear stress and equilibrium shear stress of Shengli crude oil decreased with the increasing pressure of the dissolved CH_(4). Due to the supersaturation of dissolved gas, the viscosity, maximum shear stress and equilibrium shear stress of Nanyang crude oil decreased initially and increased with the increasing pressure of dissolved CH_(4). The change in rheology of the dissolved gas crude oil can be a combined influence of gas pressure and dissolution mechanisms caused by CH_(4). Additionally, the wax precipitation point of Shengli crude oil decreased at the saturated dissolution of CH_(4), while Nanyang crude oil showed an increasing wax precipitation ***, the wax precipitation area, number of wax particles, and average diameter of wax crystal in both crude oils gradually decreased with dissolution. However, a saturation of CH_(4) caused a small amount of precipitation of wax crystals in Nanyang crude oil, and the small wax crystals were aggregated to form the large wax crystals. The dissolution of CH_(4) gas can affect the wax crystallization process, crystallization ability, and morphology of wax crystals that resulted in significant variation in the rheology of crude oil.

关键词： waxy crude oil CH_(4)dissolution wax crystal Rheology Mechanism

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Relationship between waxy crude viscosities and wax crystal microstructure

Relationship between waxy crude viscosities and wax crystal ...

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The 9th National Conference on Rheology

作者：高鹏张劲军侯磊王海峰 PetroChina Planning & Engineering Institute

＜正＞It is important and profound to quantitatively study the relation between rheoiogy and microstructure for development of the microstructural mechanism of crude oil rheology and even for the waxy crude oil ***,due to the high complexity and irregularity of wax crystal morphology,quantitative characterization is hard to *** has hampered further study on the rbeology—microstructure relationship.A new approach combined the fractal geometry and the stereology theory is presented for quantifying the intricate wax crystal morphology and *** on the characterization,the effects of microstructures and oil composition on the waxy crude viscosities are analyzed quantitatively It further validates the previous qualitative research and enriches understanding into the microstructural mechanism of waxy crude oil rheology.

关键词： waxy crude oil apparent viscosity wax crystal morphology and structure quantitative analysis

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Study on Dibehenyl Fumarate-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer for Lowering Cold Filter Plugging Point of Diesel Fuel

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2010年第4期12卷 52-56页

作者： Du Tao Wang Shujun Liu Hongyan Zhang Ying State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 Faculty of Chemical Science ＆ Engineering China University of Petroleum

In the practice of petroleum industry, adding cold flow improver （CFI） to lower the fuel＇s cold filter plugging point （CFPP） is an effective and economic way for improving the cold flow performance of diesel fuel. This paper described the synthesis and evaluation of the performance of dibehenyl fumarate-vinyl acetate （FV） copolymer for improving the cold flow performance of the tested diesel fuels. The carbon distribution in n-alkanes of the tested diesel samples were analyzed by gas phase chromatography. The structure of the copolymer was confirmed by the 1H NMR spectroscopy. The wax crystals morphologies with and without adding the FV additive were investigated by means of polarizing microscope. The test results indicated that the FV additive could depress CFPP of the tested diesel samples by 2℃ and 4℃, respectively, when dosage of the additive was 0.08 m%. The additive can modify the size and shape of the wax crystals and inhibit the formation of larger wax crystal lattices.

关键词： diesel fuel cold flow improver cold filter plugging point copolymer wax crystal

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