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The Role of Ozone Depletion in the Lack of Cooling in the Antarctic Upper Stratosphere during Austral Winter

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第4期40卷 619-633页

作者： Xuan MA Lei WANG Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences&Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute Shanghai 200232China Big Data Institute for Carbon Emission and Environmental Pollution Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia UniversityPalisadesNew York 10964USA

Temperature trends in the upper stratosphere are investigated using satellite measurements from Stratospheric Sounding Unit(SSU)outputs and simulations from chemistry-climate models(CCMs)and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6).Observational evidence shows a lack of cooling in the Antarctic,in contrast to strong cooling at other latitudes,during austral winter over *** of CCM simulations for a longer period of1961-97 also shows a significant contrast in the upper stratospheric temperature trends between the Antarctic and lower *** from two sets of model integrations with fixed ozone-depleting substances(ODSs)and fixed greenhouse gases(GHGs)at their 1960 levels suggest that the ODSs have made a major contribution to the lack of cooling in the Antarctic upper *** from CMIP6 simulations with prescribed GHGs and ozone confirm that changes in the dynamical processes associated with observed ozone depletion are largely responsible for the lack of cooling in the Antarctic upper *** lack of cooling is found to be dynamically induced through increased upward wave activity into the upper stratosphere,which is attributed mainly to ODSs ***,the radiative cooling caused by the ozone depletion results in a stronger meridional temperature gradient between middle and high latitudes in the upper stratosphere,allowing more planetary waves propagating upward to warm the Antarctic upper *** findings improve our understanding of the chemistry-climate coupling in the southern upper stratosphere.

关键词： Antarctic stratosphere temperature trends ozone wave activity

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Anomalous Midsummer Rainfall in Yangtze River-Huaihe River Valleys and Its Association with the East Asia Westerly Jet

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2011年第2期28卷 387-397页

作者：宣守丽张庆云孙淑清 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

In this study, the interannual and interdecadal relationship between midsummer Yangtze River-Huaihe River valley （YHRV） rainfall and the position of the East Asia westerly jet （EAWJ） were investigated. The midsummer YHRV rainfall was found to significantly increase after the 1980s. Moreover, the location of the EAWJ was found abnormally south of the climatic mean during 1980–2008 （ID2） compared to 1951–1979 （ID1）. During ID2, associated with the southward movement of the EAWJ, an anomalous upper-level conver-gence occurred over middle-high latitudes （35° –55° N） and divergence occurred over lower latitudes （～30°N） of East Asia. Correspondingly, anomalous descending and ascending motion was observed in middle-high and lower latitudes along 90°–130° E, respectively, favoring more precipitation over YHRV. On an interan-nual time scale, the EAWJ and YHRV rainfall exhibited similar relationships during the two periods. When the EAWJ was centered abnormally southward, rainfall over YHRV tended to increase. However, EAWJ-related circulations were significantly different during the two periods. During ID1, the circulation of the southward-moving EAWJ exhibited alternating positive–negative–positive distributions from low to middle– high latitudes along the East Asian coast; the most significant anomaly appeared west of the Okhotsk Sea. However, during ID2 the EAWJ was more closely correlated with the tropical and subtropical circulations. Significant differences between ID1 and ID2 were also recorded sea surface temperatures （SSTs）. During ID1, the EAWJ was influenced by the extratropical SST over the northern Pacific; however, the EAWJ was more significantly affected by the SST of the tropical western Pacific during ID2.

关键词： anomalous rainfall events Yangtze River-Huaihe River valleys East Asian westerly jet wave activity

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The boreal spring stratospheric final warming and its interannual and interdecadal variability

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Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第2期57卷 710-718页

作者： HU JingGao REN RongCai YU YueYue XU HaiMing College of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

Based on the daily NCEP/DOE reanalysis II data,dates of the boreal spring Stratospheric Final Warming(SFW) events during 1979–2010 are defined as the time when the zonal-mean zonal wind at the central latitudes(65°–75°N) of the westerly polar jet drops below zero and never recovers until the subsequent *** is found that the SFW events occur successively from the mid to the lower stratosphere and averagely from the mid to late April with a temporal lag of about 13 days from 10 to 50 *** the past 32 years,the earliest SFW occurs in mid March whereas the latest SFW happens in late May,showing a clear interannual variability of the time of *** the SFW onset,the stratospheric circulation transits from a winter dynamical regime to a summertime state,and the maximum negative tendency of zonal wind and the strongest convergence of planetary-wave are *** results show that the early/late SFW events in boreal spring correspond to a quicker/slower transition of the stratospheric circulation,with the zonal-mean zonal wind reducing about 20/5 m s-1 at 30 hPa within 10 days around the onset ***,the planetary wave activities are relatively strong/weak associating with an out-of-/in-phase circumpolar circulation anomaly before and after the SFW events in the *** these results indicate that,the earlier breakdown of the stratospheric polar vortex(SPV),as for the winter stratospheric sudden warming(SSW) events is driven mainly by wave forcing;and in contrast,the later breakdown of the SPV exhibits more characteristics of its seasonal ***,after the breakdown of SPV,the polar temperature anomalies always exhibit an out-of-phase relationship between the stratosphere and the troposphere for both the early and late SFW events,which implies an intimate stratosphere–troposphere dynamical coupling in *** addition,there exists a remarkable interdecadal change of the onset time of SFW in the mid *** aver

关键词： stratospheric final warming onset date wave activity anomalous circulation

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