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Sensitivity analyses of random cave groups on karst tunnel stability based on water–rock interaction using a novel contact dynamic method

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Underground Space 2024年第5期18卷 162-186页

作者： Chengzhi Xia Zhenming Shi Huanjia Kou Shaoqiang Meng Maomao Liu College of Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

This paper concentrates on the sensitivity and dynamic simulation of randomly distributed karst cave groups on tunnel stability and connectivity extended ratio based on water–rock interaction using a novel contact dynamic method(CDM).The concept of karst cave group connectivity extended ratio during tunneling and water inrush is *** effects of cave shape and spatial distribution on Qiyueshan tunnel are *** deformation and damage index,and connectivity extended ratio with uniform random karst cave groups are *** results demonstrate that the connectivity extended ratio is verified as a crucial judgment in predicting the safe distance and assessing the stability of the tunnel with the karst cave *** model captures the fracture propagation and contact behavior of rock mass,surface flow,as well as the bidirectional water–rock interaction during the water inrush of Qiyueshan tunnel with multiple caves.A larger cave radius and smaller minimum distance between the cave and tunnel increase the deformation and damage index of the surrounding *** the cave radius and cave area ratio increase,the failure pattern shifts from overall to local *** findings potentially have broad applications in various surface and subsurface scenarios involving water–rock interactions.

关键词： Karst tunnel stability Contact dynamic method Connectivity extended ratio Karst cave groups Qiyueshan tunnel water-rock interaction

Implication of water-rock interaction for Enhancing Shale Gas Production

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第7期20卷 1441-1462页

作者： Qiuyang Cheng Lijun You Cheng Chang Weiyang Xie Haoran Hu Xingchen Wang Shale Gas Research Institute PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengdu610056China Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Evaluation and Exploitation PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengdu610056China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China

Horizontal well drilling and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing technologies are at the root of commercial shale gas development and *** these processes,typically,a large amount of working fluid enters the formation,resulting in widespread water-rock *** understanding such effects is required to optimize the production *** this study,the mechanisms of water-rock interaction and the associated responses of shale fabric are systematically reviewed for working fluids such as neutral fluids,acid fluids,alkali fluids and oxidative *** is shown that shale is generally rich in water-sensitive components such as clay minerals,acidsensitive components(like carbonate minerals),alkali-sensitive components(like quartz),oxidative-sensitive components(like organic matter and pyrite),which easily lead to change of rock fabric and mechanical properties owing to water-rock *** to the results,oxidizing acid fluids and oxidizing fracturing fluids should be used to enhance shale gas *** study also indicates that an aspect playing an important role in increasing cumulative gas production is the optimization of the maximum shut-in time based on the change point of the wellhead pressure drop *** important influential factor to be considered is the control of the wellhead pressure considering the stress sensitivity and creep characteristics of the fracture network.

关键词： Shale gas reservoir hydraulic fracturing working fluid water-rock interaction oxidation shut-in production system

Study of water-rock interaction with Hydrochemical and Isotopic Datum in Laizhou Bay

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Study of Water-rock Interaction with Hydrochemical and Isoto...

Hydrochemical Assessment of Groundwater and Dominant water-rock interactions in Ooeides Aquifer System, North Greece

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2015年度（第15届）学术年会

作者： Liu Feng Ma Fengshan Guo Jie Ding Kuo Key Laboratory Of Institute Shale Gas and Geoengineering Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

water-rock interaction of the groundwater in aquifer system has been analyzed and inferred with hydrochemical and isotopic datum in Laizhou Bay,eastern China.32 samples of groundwater from three boreholes(96-5#,96-6#,112-1#),couples of seawater,saline water,fresh water,surface water and rainfall are obtained in study area for hydrochemical and isotopic *** origin of groundwater is generally concluded by stable isotope(8 O and SD)and the analytic results of Na,Ca,Mg,Cl,SO,HCOchanging with depth,combined with total dissolved solids(TDS),electrical conductivity(EC),can be apparently proofs for serious water-rock *** conclusion reveals that the origin of96-5#,112-1#is most likely saline water different from that the groundwater of 96-6#which is possible originated from fresh water,surface water or mixing of *** the ion content of same borehole at different depth and different boreholes with same depth,the optimal area for building main well and mining area is determined eventually is around96-5#.

关键词： water-rock interaction hydrochemical and isotopic datum boreholes mining area

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第11期12卷 73-101页

作者： Adam Adamidis Ioannis Gkiougkis Andreas Kallioras Panagiotis Angelidis Fotios-Konstantinos Pliakas Laboratory of Engineering Geology and Groundwater Research Department of Civil Engineering Democritus University of Thrace Xanthi Greece School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering National Technical University of Athens Athens Greece

This paper deals with the assessment of main controls on groundwater chemistry in the aquifer system of Ooeides, Orestiada Region, NE Greece, contributing to the assessment of groundwater and surface water interaction, as well as water-rock interactions in the study area. Statistical analysis and relevant hydrochemical plots were employed in the analysis of groundwater samples from the study area during sampling campaigns for the years 2018, 2019 and 2020. The process included the collection and analysis of hydrochemical, hydrological and hydrogeological information and data regarding the aquifer system of the study area. Based on the statistical processing and the spatial analysis of the relevant results of the research, interesting and useful information emerged regarding: i) the recharge procedure of the aquifer from surface water of rivers and streams in the study area;ii) the relationship of groundwater composition with the type of rock through which water flows;iii) the impact on groundwater quality from anthropogenic activities (cultivation activities, municipal waste). From the elaboration of all the above, interesting findings and suggestions came out, which are considered useful for the optimal management of the hydrogeological regime of the study area.

关键词： Groundwater Hydrochemical Analysis Conjunctive Use of Surface water and Groundwater water-rock interaction Orestiada Greece

Identification of key factors governing chemistry in groundwater near the water course recharged by reclaimed water at Miyun County, Northern China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第9期25卷 1754-1763页

作者： Yilei Yu Xianfang Song Yinghua Zhang Fandong Zheng Ji Liang Dongmei Han Ying Ma Hongmei Bu Key Laboratory of water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Beijing Hydraulic Research

Reclaimed water was successfully used to recover the dry Chaobai River in Northern China, but groundwater may be polluted. To ensure groundwater protection, it is therefore critical to identify the governing factors of groundwater chemistry. Samples of reclaimed water, river and groundwater were collected monthly at Chaobai River from January to September in 2010. Fifteen water parameters were analyzed. Two kinds of reclaimed water were different in type （Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 or Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3 ） and concentration of nitrogen. The ionic concentration and type in river were similar to reclaimed water. Some shallow wells near the river bed had the same type （Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 ） and high concentration as reclaimed water, but others were consistent with the deep wells （Ca-Mg-HCO3 ）. Using cluster analysis, the 9 months were divided into two periods （dry and wet seasons）, and all samples were grouped into several spatial clusters, indicating different controlling mechanisms. Principal component analysis and conventional ionic plots showed that calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate were controlled by water-rock interaction in all deep and some shallow wells. This included the dissolution of calcite and carbonate weathering. Sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfate in river and some shallow wells recharged by river were governed by evaporation crystallization and mixing of reclaimed water. But groundwater chemistry was not controlled by precipitation. During the infiltration of reclaimed water, cation exchange took place between （sodium, potassium） and （calcium, magnesium）. Nitrification and denitrification both happened in most shallow groundwater, but only denitrification in deep groundwater.

关键词： reclaimed water groundwater chemistry multivariate analysis Chaobai River water-rock interaction evaporation crystallization cation exchange denitrification

Geochemistry of Thermal waters of Continental Margin of Far East of Russia

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第1期90卷 276-284页

作者： Ivan V. BRAGIN Georgy A. CHELNOKOV Oleg V. CHUDAEV Natalia A. KHARITONOVA Sergey V. VYSOTSKIY Far East Geological Institute Russian Academy of SciencesVladivostok690022 Russia Moscow State University Moscow119991 Russia Far East Federal University Vladivostok690922 Russia

Studied waters belong to warm （T=30-50℃）, alkaline （pH=8.9-9.3）, low mineralized （TDS〈235 mg/l） Na-HCO3 or Na-SO4-HCO3 thermal waters with high content of SiO2 （up to 81 mg/1） and F （up to 3.9 mg/l）, occur on modern volcano-tectonic rejuvenated areas of Eastern Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt. Low 3He concentration as well as N2/O2 and N2/Ar ratios exclude influence of deep mantle fluid. New rare earth element data constrain our understanding of water-rock interaction occurring in the water source region. Meteoric origin of waters is proved by stable isotope values varying from -71%o to -136.1‰ and from -10.8‰ to -18.8%o for δ^2H and δ^18O respectively. REE patterns reflect high pH, resultfing from water-rock interaction and oxidative conditions. Calculations of deep aquifer temperature using Na-K and quartz geothermometers show 116.8-131.1℃ and 82.2-125.8℃ respectively. Presence of deep faults both with abnormal thermal gradient （-45- 50 K/km） define unique geochemical shape of thermal waters of Sikhote-Alin, area, where no present volcanic activity is registered.

关键词： thermal waters water-rock interaction stable water isotopes rare earth elements in thermal waters

Understanding of mineral change mechanisms in coal mine groundwater reservoir and their influences on effluent water quality:a experimental study

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2021年第1期8卷 154-167页

作者： Kai Zhang Huifang Li Jiaming Han Binbin Jiang Ju Gao School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyBeijingBeijing100083China State Key Laboratory of water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining Beijing102211China

This paper presents results of an experimental study to characterize the law of mineral change of fallen rock in coal mine groundwater reservoir ant its influence on water *** minerals of the underground reservoir of Daliuta Coal Mine is taken as the research *** experiments were designed and conducted to simulate water–rock action in the *** mineral composition was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer(XRD),the surface morphology of the mineral was analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM),and the specific surface area,total pore volume and average pore diameter of the mineral were measured by fast specific surface/pore analyzer(BET).The experimental results show that the sandstone and mudstone in the groundwater reservoir of Daliuta Coal Mine account for 70%and 30%,*** pore diameter is 15.62–17.55 nm,and pore volume is 0.035 cc/*** pore structure is a key factor in the occurrence of water–rock *** to the water–rock simulation experiment,the quartz content before the water–rock action is about 34.28%,the albite is about 21.84%,the feldspar is about 17.48%,and the kaolinite is about 8.00%.After the water–rock action,they are 36.14%,17.78%,11.62%,and 16.75%,*** content of albite and orthoclase is reduced while the content of kaolinite is increased,that is,the Na+content becomes higher,and the Ca2+and Mg2+contents become *** research builds a good theoretical foundation for revealing the role of water and rock in underground coal reservoirs.

关键词： Coal mine underground reservoir Fallen rock water-rock interaction rock composition

Geochemical Analysis on Educts in the Drainage Corridor of a Big Dam over Yangtze River

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Journal of Earth Science 2012年第2期23卷 180-186页

作者：李静梁杏毛绪美彭红明 School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences State Key Laboratories of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences

The analysis of educts has become an important aspect for the security evaluation of hy-draulic construction. Brown, white-based colloidal educts appeared in the left drainage corridors of the dam over the Yangtze River after its 5-year operation, which did not happen in the initial investigation. In this article, the physics characteristics of the educts were affirmed, and the analysis results of the major and trace elements among educts and the corresponding location of water samples, core samples, indicate that educts are the products from the chemical potential erosion of the dam foundation rock. Brown educts are uncertainties Fe and Mn-based materials, mainly derived from the corrosion of the chlorite and biotite, which may be caused by the changes of the oxidizing condition. White educts mainly with Si and Ca are derived from the corrosion of the calcite, feldspar, and partly invalidation of foundation curtain. Additionally, similarities of the chondrite normalized rare earth element （REE） patterns between educts and bedrock further illustrate homologous, and Ce and Eu anomalies relative to chondrite reflect changes of the water environment condition.

关键词： educt water-rock interaction geochemistry drainage corridor REE.

Geochemistry of rare earth elements in groundwater from deep seated limestone aquifer in Renlou Coal Mine,Anhui Province,China

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Journal of Central South University 2011年第5期18卷 1646-1653页

作者：孙林华桂和荣陈陆望陈松 School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Suzhou University School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Hefei University of Technology

Rare earth element （REE） concentrations were measured by ICP-MS for groundwater collected from deep seated Taiyuan Fm limestone aquifer （from -400 to -530 m） in Renlou Coal Mine, northern Anhui Province, China. It can be concluded that the groundwater is warm （34.0-37.2 ℃） C1-Ca, Na type water with circum-neutral pH （7.35-8.28） and high total dissolved solids （TDS, 1 746-2 849 mg/L）. The groundwater exhibits heavy REEs enrichment relative to light REEs compared with Post Archean Average Shale （PAAS）, as well as their aquifer rocks （limestone）. The enrichment of REEs is considered to be controlled by terrigeneous materials （e.g. zircon） in aquifer rocks, whereas the fractionation of REEs is controlled by marine derived materials （e.g. calcite）, to a less extent, terrigeneous materials and inorganic complexation. The Ce anomalies normalized to PAAS and aquifer rocks are weak, which probably reflects the signature of the aquifer rock rather than redox conditions or pH. The similarities of REE patterns between groundwater and aquifer rocks imply that aquifer rocks play important roles in controlling the REE characteristics of groundwater, and then provide a probability for discrimination of groundwater sources by using REEs.

关键词： rare earth elements geochemistry water-rock interaction limestone aquifer groundwater