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Variation in water source of sand-binding vegetation across a chronosequence of artificial desert revegetation in Northwest China

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2020年第5期12卷 306-316页

作者： YanXia Pan XinPing Wang Rui Hu YaFeng Zhang Yang Zhao Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China

water is the most important limiting factor in arid areas,and thus water resource management is critical for the health of dryland ***,global climate change and anthropogenic activity make water resource management more difficult,and this situation may be particularly crucial for dryland restoration,because of variation in water uptake patterns associated with artificial revegetation of different ages and vegetation ***,there is lacking longterm restorations that are suitable for studying this *** Shapotou area,Northwest China,artificial revegetation areas were planted several times beginning in 1956,and now form a chronosequence of sand-binding landscapes that are ideal for studying variability in water uptake source by plants over *** stable isotopesδ18O andδ2H were employed to investigate the water uptake patterns of the typical revegetation shrubs Artemisia ordosica and Caragana korshinskii,which were planted in different *** compared the stable isotope ratios of shrub stem water to groundwater,precipitation,and soil water pools at five layers(5−10,10−40,40−80,80−150,and 150−300 cm).The results indicate that Artemisia ordosica derived the majority of their water from the 20−150 cm soil layer,whereas Caragana korshinskii obtained water from the 40−150 cm soil *** main water sources of Artemisia ordosica and *** plants changed over time,from deeper about 150 cm depth to shallow 20 cm soil *** study can provide insights into water uptake patterns of major desert vegetation and thus water management of artificial ecosystems,at least in Northwest China.

关键词： artificial vegetation stable isotopes soil water xylem water water source

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Methane hydrate formation comparisons in media with and without a water source supply

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2014年第4期6卷 293-301页

作者： Peng Zhang QingBai Wu State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

water is a necessary element during gas hydrate formations. Therefore, by analyzing water depletion changes in media, the reaction characteristics of methane hydrate in media can be studied. In this study, two water sources supplying some liquid water which may be consumed by the methane hydrate formation reactions were designed and assembled. Using them, the full formation processes of methane hydrate was studied. Experimental results show the following： If heat released from nucleation reaction of methane hydrate is diffused rapidly, the nucleation ratios will be enhanced discernibly. While the hydrate is formed, a force is generated that sucks fresh water from the source into the vicinity of the hydrate, slowing down the cementation process and causing some hydrate grain dissociation. As a result of cementation differences, the hydrate reaction processes with different water sources present linear or quadratic equation characteristics. After a few repeated dissociation and formation processes of some hydrate grains caused by the fresh water, the gas amounts contained in hydrate will be significantly enhanced.

关键词： water source water transfer methane hydrate formation process

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The gross α and β radioactivity levels of drinking water source in one oil industrial city in northeast China

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Radiation Medicine and Protection 2021年第2期2卷 61-66页

作者： Yan Shi Wa Gao Tuya Siqin Zhigang Li Jianwei Zhang Rongshu Guan Jinfeng Li Peilin Sun Hongtao Zhao Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Application Institute of Technical PhysicsHeilongjiang Academy of SciencesHarbin150086China

Objective:To investigate the grossαandβradioactivity levels of drinking water source in the city,the largest oil field production base in northeast China,in order to ensure the safety of drinking water and public ***:The water samples from three drinking water sources were collected and tested in the dry and wet season,*** grossαradioactivity was measured by standard curve method,grossβwas measured by thin sample ***:Totally 184 samples were collected from the three sampling areas in dry and wet season *** average values of grossαandβradioactivity levels in the drinking water source area were(0.24±0.09)and(0.30±0.17)Bq/L *** average activity concentration of grossαand grossβin the dry season was(0.23±0.09)and(0.29±0.18)Bq/L,*** grossαandβradioactivity levels gradually decreased from the intake to the end of the reservoir of drinking water source ***:The grossαandβradioactivity levels and distribution of drinking water source areas in this city were all lower than the drinking water limit issued by China and the reference level recommended by the World Health *** radioactivity of water body of the drinking water source was within the normal background level.

关键词： water source Grossα Grossβ Radioactivity

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Stable isotope analysis of water sources for Tamarix laxa in the mega-dunes of the Badain Jaran Desert, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第6期10卷 821-832页

作者： ZHANG Jinhu WANG Nai'ang NIU Zhenmin SUN Jie DONG Chunyu ZHANG LyuLyu College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Gansu Desertification and Aeolian Sand Disaster Combating Gansu Desert Control Research Institute Department of Geography University of California

The complex interactions in desert ecosystems between functional types and environmental conditions could be reflected by plant water use patterns. However, the mechanisms underlying the water use patterns as well as the water sources of Tamarix laxa in the mega-dunes of the Badain Jaran Desert, China, remain unclear. This study investigated the water sources and water use patterns of T. laxa using the stable oxygen isotope method. The δ18O values of xylem water, soil water in different layers(0–200 cm), rainwater, snow water, lake water, atmospheric water vapor, condensate water, and groundwater were measured. The sources of water used by T. laxa were determined using the Isosource model. The results indicate that T. laxa mainly relies on soil water. At the beginning of the growing season(in May), the species is primarily dependent on water from the middle soil layer(60–120 cm) and deep soil layer(120–200 cm). However, it mainly absorbs water from the shallow soil layer(0–60 cm) as the rainy season commences. In September, water use of T. laxa reverts to the deep soil layer(120–200 cm). The water use patterns of T. laxa are closely linked with heavy precipitation events and soil water content. These findings reveal the drought resistance mechanisms of T. laxa and are of significance for screening species for ecological restoration.

关键词： stable oxygen isotope water source water use pattern soil water stem water mega-dune Tamarix laxa

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A modeling system for drinking water sources and its application to Jiangdong Reservoir in Xiamen city

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013年第5期7卷 735-745页

作者： Pengfei DU Zhiyi LI Jinliang HUANG State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Coastal & Ocean Management Institute Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China

Drinking water sources are highly valued by authorities for safeguarding the life of a city. Models are widely applied as important and effective tools in the management of water sources. However, it is difficult to apply models in water source management because water managers are often not equipped with the professional knowledge and operational skills necessary for making use of the models. This paper introduces a drinking water source simulation and prediction system that consists of a watershed model, a hydrological model and a water quality model. This system provides methods and technical guidance for the conventional management of water sources and emergency water event response. In this study, the sub-models of the system were developed based on the data of the Jiangdong Reservoir in Xiamen, and the model validation was based on local monitoring data. The hydrological model and water quality model were integrated by computer programming, and the watershed model was indirectly integrated into the system through a network platform. Furthermore, three applications for Jiangdong Reservoir water protection utilizing the system were introduced in this paper, including a conventional simulation, an emergency simulation, and an emergency measures evaluation.

关键词： water source integrated modeling system,prediction Jiulong River

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water utilization of typical plant communities in desert steppe,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第9期14卷 1038-1054页

作者： CHEN Juan WANG Xing SONG Naiping WANG Qixue WU Xudong School of Agriculture Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in northwestern China Yinchuan 750021China Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in northwestern China of Ministry of Education Yinchuan 750021China School of Ecology and Environment Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China Institute of Desertification Control Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesYinchuan 750002China

water is a limiting factor in the restoration and construction of desert *** plant water sources is necessary to understand soil-plant interactions and species coexistence;however,water sources of major plant communities within the desert steppe of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China remain poorly *** this study,we analyzed the water uptake of plants in four typical communities:Agropyron mongolicum Keng.;Sophora alopecuroids Linn.;Stipa breviflora Griseb.,and Achnatherum splendens(Trin.)Nevski *** isotopesδD andδ^(18)O in the xylem of plant and soil water at different soil depths were *** Isosource model was used to determine the soil depths from which plants obtained *** showed that *** community obtained water predominantly from 0–20 and 40–80 cm depth,*** community from 0–20 cm depth,*** community from 0–40 cm depth,and *** community from 0–20 and 80–140 cm *** had a wider range of soil depths for water extraction,i.e.,utilizing different water sources depending on habitat,and the plasticity of its water uptake pattern determined its role in different *** source of plants relayed heavily on the distribution of their *** for soil water exists between different plant life forms in the sierozem habitat(***,***,and *** communities),and in the sandy soil habitat(*** community).The use of soil water by *** community is more spatially differentiated,and shrubs and herbs can coexist *** the pattern of extended drought period in the future,sierozem habitat may be more favorable for the formation of a dominant monoculture community type of perennial fibrous *** aeolian sandy soil habitat,*** had a strong competitive advantage,and the growth of shallow-rooted plants was easily suppressed.

关键词： stable isotope water source Isosource model soil water desert steppe

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A preliminary study of water use strategy of desert plants in Dunhuang,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2015年第1期7卷 73-81页

作者： YongQin CUI JianYing MA Wei SUN JiaHuan SUN ZhengHu DUAN Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Institute of Grassland Science Northeast Normal University

water is a restrictive factor for plant growth and ecosystem stability in arid and semiarid areas. The dynamics of water availability in soils and water use by plants are consequently critical to ecosystem functions, e.g. maintaining a high resistance to the changing climate. Plant water use strategies, including water-use efficiency （WUE） and the main water source that a plant species utilizes, play an important role in the evaluation of stability and sustainability of a plantation. The water use strategies of desert plants （Tamarix chinensis, Alhagi sparsifolia, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Sophora alopecuroides, Bassia dasyphylla and Nitraria sphaerocarpa） in three different habitats （saline land, sandy land and Gobi） in Dunhuang （located in the typical arid area of northwestern China） were studied. The stable isotope of oxygen was used to determine the main water source and leaf carbon isotope discrimination was used to estimate the long-term WUE of plant species in the summer of 2010. The results suggest that： 1） the studied desert plants took up soil water below the depth of 80 cm; 2） T. chinensis in the three habitats used deeper soil water and T. chinensis in the Gobi site had higher WUE than those in the saline land and the sandy land. The results indicated that desert plants in Dunhuang depended on stable water source and maintained high WUE to survive in water limited environments.

关键词： desert plant stable isotope water source water-use efficiency Dunhuang

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water use strategy of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus community in a drought year on the Mongolian Plateau

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第6期13卷 793-800页

作者： Ya-Juan Zhu Guo-Jie Wang Zhi-Ming Xin Institute of Desertification Studies Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China Oregon State University Agriculture Program at Eastern Oregon University Oregon State UniversityLa GrandeOR 97850USA Dengkou Desert Ecosystem Research Station Experimental Center of Desert ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryDengkou CountyNei Mongol 015200China

Aims In desert ecosystems,water is a restricting factor for plant growth and vegetation *** relatively stable water source from deep soil profile or groundwater is important for plant survival during *** water use strategy of endangered species,in desert ecosystem is essential for their conservation and restoration such as Ammopiptanthus mongolicus on the Mongolian *** The stable isotope method ofδD andδ^(18)O was used to examine the main water sources of *** and two companion shrubs,*** ordosica and Artemisia *** contribution of different water sources to each species was calculated by Isosource ***δ13C was used to compare long-term water use efficiency of three *** moisture and root distribution of three shrubs was measured to explain plant water use *** Findings The results showed that *** relied on groundwater and 150–200 cm deep soil water,with the former contributing to almost half of its total water *** ordosica mainly used 150–200 cm deep soil water,but also used shallow soil water within 100 cm in summer and *** xerophytica mainly used 150–200 cm deep soil water and groundwater,with the latter contributing to about 30%–60%of its total water *** three shrubs had dimorphic or deep root systems,which are in accord with their water *** WUE in the evergreen shrub *** was higher than in two deciduous Artemisia shrubs,which may be an adaptive advantage in desert ***,groundwater is an important water source for the endangered shrub *** in a drought year on Mongolian *** mongolicus and two Artemisia shrubs competed for deep soil water and groundwater.

关键词： Ammopiptanthus mongolicus endangered species groundwater soil water stable isotope water source water use efficiency

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Detection of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol by liquid-liquid extraction-gas chromatograph mass spectrum (LLE-GCMS) and solid phase extraction-gas chromatograph mass spectrum (SPE-GCMS)

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2007年第3期1卷 286-291页

作者： MA Xiaoyan GAO Naiyun CHEN Beibei LI Qingsong ZHANG Qiaoli GU Guofen State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai waterworks Shibei Co.Ltd. Shanghai 200086China

Two sample preparation methods were introduced and compared in this paper to establish a simple,quick and exact analysis of geosmin and ***-18 column was employed in solid phase extraction(SPE),1.0 mL of hexane was adopted in liquid-liquid extraction(LLE),and the extracts were analyzed by gas chromatograph mass spectrum(GCMS)in selected ion *** recoveries of SPE were low for 2-methylisoborneol(2-MIB)and geosmin(GSM)with values below 50%.For LLE,the recoveries were satisfyingly above 50%for 2-MIB and 80%for *** limits of the LLE method were as low as 1.0 ng/L for GSM and 5.0 ng/L for 2-MIB.A year-long investigation on odor chemicals of drinking water in Shanghai demonstrated that in the summer,there was a serious odor problem induced by a high concentration of *** highest concentration of 152.82 ng/L appeared in July in raw water,while GSM flocculation was minimal with concentrations below odor threshold.

关键词： geosmin(GSM) 2-methylisoborneol(2-MIB) liquid-liquid extraction(LLE) solid phase extraction(SPE) drinking water water source

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Exploitation of groundwater resources and protection of wetland in the Yuqia Basin

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2017年第3期5卷 222-234页

作者： ZHANG Chun-chao LI Xiang-quan GAO Ming HOU Xin-wei LIU Ling-xia WANG Zhen-xing MA Jian-fei Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Shijiazhuang 050061 China

In Yuqia Basin, the climate is arid and the ecologic environment is fragile, and shortage of water resources has seriously restricted the sustainable development of local economy. In order to meet the needs of industrial and domestic water in the Yuqia Basin, numerical simulation was used to evaluate the groundwater resources and potential for exploitation. The results showed that the mathematical model and calculation parameters used were mainly in accordance with practical situation. The calculated value of the underground water level is consistent with measured value during the period of identification and validation. The total recharge of groundwater resources was 22.02×10~4 m^3/d, and the total drainage was 21.95×10~4 m^3/d at present. The Yuqia River leakage is the main supply source of groundwater. There is no significant effect on area of wetland when water source place exploited by 2.5×10~4 m^3/d at alluvial-diluvial fan of Yuqia River. After long-term exploitation, the spring flow reduces from 1.42×10~4 m^3/d to 1.01×10~4 m^3/d and wetland area reduces by 32.7% of original area. The calculation of water balance shows that it is safe to the Yuqia Basin, Da Qiadam Lake, the Mahai Basin at downstream of Yuqia River and wetland under the condition of water source place exploited by 2.5×10~4 m^3/d.

关键词： Yuqia Basin Groundwater resources Numerical simulation water source Wetland

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