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Influence of Seed Priming on Performance and water productivity of Direct Seeded Rice in Alternating Wetting and Drying

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Rice science 2015年第4期22卷 189-196页

作者： Hafeez Ur REHMAN Muhammad KAMRAN Shahzad Maqsood Ahmed BASRA Irfan AFZAL Muhammad FAROOQ Department of Agronomy University of AgricultureFaisalabad Institute of Agriculture University of Western Australia College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University

Direct seeded rice is promising alternative to traditional transplanting, but requires appropriate crop and water management to maintain yield performance and achieve high water productivity. Present study evaluated the effect of seed priming and irrigation on crop establishment, tillering, agronomic traits, paddy yield, grain quality and water productivity of direct seeded rice in alternate wetting and drying （DSR-AWD） in comparison with direct seeded rice at field capacity （DSR- FC）. Seed priming treatments were osmo-priming with KCI （2.2%）, CaCI2 （2.2%） and moringa leaf extracts （MLE, 3.3%） including hydro-priming as control. Among the treatments, seed osmo-primed with MLE emerged earlier and had higher final emergence, followed by osmo-priming with CaCI2. Tillering emergence rate and number of tillers per plant were the highest for seed priming with CaCI2 in DSR- AWD. Total productive and non-productive tillers, panicle length, biological and grain yields, harvest index were highest for seed priming with MLE or CaCI2 in DSR-AWD. Similarly, grain quality, estimated in terms of normal grains, abortive and chalky grains, was also the highest in DSR-AWD with MLE osmo-priming. Benefit cost ratio and water productivity was also the highest in DSR-AWD for seed priming with MLE. In conclusion, seed priming with MLE or CaCI2 can be successfully employed to improve the direct seeded rice performance when practiced with alternate wetting and drying irrigation.

关键词： crop establishment grain filling rate seed priming water productivity yield direct seededrice alternating wetting and drying grain quality

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Soil water storage,yield,water productivity and transpiration efficiency of soybeans(Glyxine max L.Merr)as affected by soil surface management in lle-Ife,Nigeria

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International Soil and water Conservation Research 2017年第2期5卷 141-150页

作者： Omotayo B.Adeboye Bart Schultz Kenneth O.Adekalu Krishna Prasad Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-IfeNigeria Land and water Development IHE Delft Institute For Water Education in Partnership with UNESCODelftthe Netherlands Freelance Irrigation and water Resources Management Consultant LalitpurNepal

Rainfed agriculture has a high yield potential if rainfall and land resources are effectively used.In this study,conventional(NC)and six in-situ water conservation practices were used to cultivate Soybean in 2011 and 2012 in Ile-lfe,Nigeria.The conservation practices are:Tied ridge(TR),Soil bund(BD),Mulch(ML),Mulch plus Soil bund(MLBD),Tied ridge plus Mulch(TRML),Tied ridge plus Soil bund(TRBD).The practices were arranged in Randomised Complete Block Design with four replicates.Seasonal rainfall was 539 and 761 mm in 2011 and 2012,respectively.Seasonal soil water storage(SWS)ranged from 485 mm for NC to 517 mm for TRML in the two seasons.ML increased the SWS in the upper 30 cm of the soil by 17% while TR increased the soil water content in the lower 30-60 cm by 22% compared with NC.ML reduced soil temperature in the upper 30 cm between 2.2 and 2.9℃ compared with NC,TR and TRML.Seasonal crop evapotranspiration ranged between 432 mm for NC and 481 mm for BD in the seasons.Grain yield increased by 41.7% and 44.3% for BD and MLBD,respectively compared with NC.water conservation practices increased water productivity for grain yield by 14.0-41.8% compared with NC.Similarly,it increased average seasonal transpiration efficiency by 15.3-32.5% compared with NC.These findings demonstrate that when there are fluctuations in rainfall,in-situ water conservation practices improve SWS,land,and water productivity and transpiration efficiency of Soybeans.

关键词： water conservation Soybean Yield Transpiration Efficiency Evapotranspiration water productivity

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Climate change impacts on crop yield,crop water productivity and food security-A review

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第12期19卷 1665-1674页

作者： Shahbaz Khan Division of water Sciences UNESCOI Rue Miollis 75 732 Paris Cedex 15.SPFrance

This paper provides a comprehensive review of literature related to the assessment of climate change impacts on crop productivity using climate,water and crop yield models.The existing studies present that climate change models with higher spatial resolution can be a way forward for future climate projections.Meanwhile,stochastic projections of more than one climate model are necessary for providing insights into model uncertainties as well as to develop risk management strategies.It is projected that water availability will increase in some parts of the world,which will have its own effect on water use efficiency and water allocation.Crop production can increase if irrigated areas are expanded or irrigation is intensified,but these may increase the rate of environmental degradation. Since climate change impacts on soil water balance will lead to changes of soil evaporation and plant transpiration,consequently,the crop growth period may shorten in the future impacting on water productivity.Crop yields affected by climate change are projected to be different in various areas,in some areas crop yields will increase,and for other areas it will decrease depending on the latitude of the area and irrigation application.Existing modelling results show that an increase in precipitation will increase crop yield,and what is more,crop yield is more sensitive to the precipitation than temperature.If water availability is reduced in the future,soils of high water holding capacity will be better to reduce the impact of drought while maintaining crop yield.With the temperature increasing and precipitation fluctuations,water availability and crop production are likely to decrease in the future.If the irrigated areas are expanded,the total crop production will increase;however,food and environmental quality may degrade.

关键词： Climate change impacts Crop yield Food security water productivity water use efficiency

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Modeling the Effect of Planting Dates and Nitrogen Application Rates on Potatoes water productivity in Jordan Valley

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第1期13卷 137-146页

作者： Ayman Suleiman Department of Land Water and Environment Faculty of Agriculture The University of Jordan Amman Jordan

Agricultural sector in Jordan is facing serious challenges in meeting the growing needs of food security because of its low water availability. Maintaining and enhancing agricultural water productivity under such prevailing environmental constraints are hard to achieve. Potatoes water productively in Jordan Valley was modeled using Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) under six nitrogen applications (0, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 kg/ha) and twelve planting dates every two weeks from October 1 to March 15 scenarios. The potatoes yield increased from 0% to 100% nitrogen treatment and then no considerable increase occurred. The potatoes’ crop yield increased from October 1st to January 15 and then decreased after which until the last day of planting date. The seasonal cumulative crop evapotranspiration for potatoes about doubled from 0% to 60% nitrogen treatment and then kept increasing gradually until the last treatment. The growing season cumulative crop evapotranspiration for potatoes increased gradually from October 1 to March 1. The water productivity increased from 0% nitrogen treatment to 100% and then decreased. The potatoes’ water productivity increased from October 1 until November 15 and then decreased to the end. From these results, we recommend that 100% of nitrogen requirements should be applied. The best window for potatoes’ planting date is the last two weeks in November.

关键词： Deficit Irrigation Potatoes DSSAT Nitrogen Application Planting Dates water productivity

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Calculating the Yield, water Utilize Efficiency and water productivity for Carrot Crop under Climate Change Effects

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Engineering（科研） 2022年第10期14卷 415-426页

作者： Ali Hassan Hommadi Nadhir Al-Ansari National Center for water Resources Management Ministry of Water Resources Babylon Iraq Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

The present work analyzed the yield, water utilize efficiency and water productivity for carrot Crop under climate change effects. In this research, river water was used with irrigation ratios with drain water to irrigate the carrots (Daucus carota L.) crop during the winter growing season 2021-2022 in free field and utilizing furrow irrigation method with calculation the water use efficiency and water productivity to three sites. The study was conducted in the three sites in the Babil province in Town of Sadat-AlHindya reached 80 km from Baghdad city. Site 1 was used 33% drain water and 67% river water while site 2 was used 83% drain water and 17% river water but the site 3 was used 100% river water. The reduction of yield in site 1 was 17.3% and in site 2 was 75%. The reducing of WUE in site 1 was 23% and in site 2 was 77%. The decrease of WP in site 1 was 22.98% and in site 2 was 82.28%. The value of water stress coefficient (Ks) because irrigation by water salanity and soil salanty was 0.83, 0.78 and 0.92 in site 1,site 2 and site 3, respectively, water salanity and soil salanty reduction in productivity by 9%, 14% and 7% in production of site 1, site 2 and site 3, respectively in every irrigating.

关键词： Climate Change Carrot water Use Efficiency water productivity

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Evaluation of irrigation water salinity and leaching fraction on the water productivity for crops

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第1期13卷 170-177页

作者： Songrui Ning Beibei Zhou Quanjiu Wang Wanghai Tao State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048China

In arid and semi-arid irrigated croplands,the excessive accumulation of soluble salts in the root zone is an extensive problem that seriously limits crop yield and water productivity(WP).To avoid affects the yield potential of crops,the application of extra irrigation for leaching of excessive salts from the root zone was required.Quantitative knowledge of effects of the irrigation water salinity and leaching fraction(LF)on the relative yield(RY)and the unit water productivity of crop evapotranspiration(UWPET)and the unit water productivity of irrigation water(UWPI)were becoming gradually important.This article provided theoretical models for estimating the UWPs(UWPET and UWPI)and optimizing leaching fraction according to irrigation water salinity.In the present study,eight levels of irrigation water salinity(ECw=0.25,0.50,0.75,1,2,3,4,and 5 dS/m)and 39 levels of LF values ranging from 0.04 to 0.80 were set and tested to assessing their effects on the RY and UWPs for four typical crops(barley,bean,wheat,and maize)with different salt tolerance levels.Almost every curve determined between the UWPs and LFs for the four crops had an inflection point.It was indicated that the UWPET and UWPI could be maximized by optimizing the LF under different irrigation water salinities.Furthermore,the linear regression relationships were established to estimate the maximum values of UWPs and their corresponding optimal LFs for four crops by using the irrigation water salinity.Moreover,the theoretical models for estimating the UWPs were validated by data of wheat from previous literature,and the models could be suitable with acceptable relative errors when LFs ranging from 0.07 to 0.17.

关键词： irrigation water salinity leaching fraction salt-tolerant crop salt stress crop yield water productivity

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Influence of Crop Nutrition on Grain Yield,Seed Quality and water productivity under Two Rice Cultivation Systems

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Rice science 2013年第2期20卷 129-138页

作者： Y.V.SINGH K.K.SINGH S.K.SHARMA Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Blue Green Algae Indian Agricultural Research Institute Seed Production Unit Indian Agricultural Research Institute

The system of rice intensification （SRI） is reported to have advantages like lower seed requirement,less pest attack,shorter crop duration,higher water use efficiency and the ability to withstand higher degree of moisture stress than traditional method of rice cultivation.With this background,SRI was compared with traditional transplanting technique at Indian Agricultural Research Institute,New Delhi,India during two wet seasons （2009-2011）.In the experiment laid out in a factorial randomized block design,two methods of rice cultivation [conventional transplanting （CT） and SRI] and two rice varieties （Pusa Basmati 1 and Pusa 44） were used under seven crop nutrition treatments,viz.T 1,120 kg/hm2 N,26.2 kg/hm2 P and 33 kg/hm2 K;T 2,20 t/hm2 farmyard manure （FYM）;T 3,10 t/hm2 FYM＋ 60 kg/hm2 N;T 4,5 t/hm2 FYM＋ 90 kg/hm2 N;T 5,5 t/hm2 FYM＋ 60 kg/hm2 N＋ 1.5 kg/hm2 blue green algae （BGA）;T 6,5 t/hm2 FYM＋ 60 kg/hm2 N＋ 1.0 t/hm2 Azolla,and T 7,N 0 P 0 K 0 （control,no NPK application） to study the effect on seed quality,yield and water use.In SRI,soil was kept at saturated moisture condition throughout vegetative phase and thin layer of water （2-3 cm） was maintained during the reproductive phase of rice,however,in CT,standing water was maintained in crop growing season.Results revealed that CT and SRI gave statistically at par grain yield but straw yield was significantly higher in CT as compared to SRI.Seed quality was superior in SRI as compared to CT.Integrated nutrient management （INM） resulted in higher plant height with longer leaves than chemical fertilizer alone in both the rice varieties.Grain yield attributes such as number of effective tillers per hill,panicle length and panicle weight of rice in both the varieties were significantly higher in INM as compared to chemical fertilizer alone.Grain yields of both the varieties were the highest in INM followed by the recommended doses of chemical fertilizer.The grain yield and its attributes of Pusa 44 were significantly higher than those of Pusa Basmati 1.The seed qu

关键词： rice crop nutrition grain yield seed quality system of rice intensification water productivity

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Experiences with Rice Grown on Permanent Raised Beds: Effect of Crop Establishment Techniques on water Use, productivity, Profitability and Soil Physical Properties

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Rice science 2014年第3期21卷 170-180页

作者： R.K.NARESH S.S.TOMAR Dipender KUMAR Samsher Purushottam S.P.SINGH Ashish DWIVEDI Vineet KUMAR Department of Agronomy SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology Department of Agronomy Punjab Agricultural University Department Food Processing &Engeering SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology Department of Pathology & Microbiology SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology Department of Soil Science SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology

In recent years, conventional rice production technologies have been leading to deterioration of soil health and declining farm profitability due to high inputs of water and labor. Conservation agriculture （CA） based resource-conserving technologies i.e. zero-tillage （ZT）, raised-bed planting and direct-seeded rice （DSR） have shown promise as alternatives to conventional production technologies to overcome these problems. Present study was undertaken during 2009-2012 to establish an understanding of how permanent raised bed cropping system could be practiced to save water at the field application level to improve water productivity and also have the capability to enhance productivity, profitability and soil physical quality. The results showed that among different crop establishment techniques, conventional-tilled puddle transplanted rice （CT-TPR） required 14%-25% more water than other techniques. Compared with the CT-TPR system, zero till direct-seeded rice （ZT-DSR） consumed 6%-10%less water with almost equal system productivity and demonstrated higher water productivity. Wide raised beds saved about 15%-24% water and grain yield decrease of about 8%. Direct-seeded rice after ZT or reduced tillage or on unpuddled soil provided more net income than CT-TPR. The CT-TPR system had higher bulk density and penetration resistance due to compaction caused by the repeated wet tillage in rice. The steady-state infiltration rate and soil aggregation （〉 0.25 mm） were higher under permanent beds and ZT and lower in the CT-TPR system. Under CT-TPR, soil aggregation was static across seasons, whereas it improved under no-till and permanent beds. Similarly, mean weight diameter of aggregates was higher under ZT and permanent beds and increased over time. The study reveals that to sustain the rice productivity, CA-based planting techniques can be more viable options. However, the long-term effects of these alternative technologies need to be studied under varying agro-ecologies in western Uttar Pradesh, India.

关键词： permanent raised bed water productivity profitability yield water saving crop establishment technique

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Effect of Phosphorus and Irrigation Levels on Yield,water productivity,Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Income of Lowland Rice in Northwest Pakistan

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Rice science 2013年第1期20卷 61-72页

作者： Khalid USMAN Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureGomal UniversityDera Ismail Khan 29050Pakistan

With decreasing availability of water for agriculture and increasing demand for rice production, an optimum use of irrigation water and phosphorus may guarantee sustainable rice production. Field experiments were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to investigate the effect of phosphorus and irrigation levels on yield, water productivity （WP）, phosphorus use efficiency （PUE） and income of low land rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements replicated four times. Main plot consisted of five phosphorus levels, viz. 0 （P0）, 50 （P50）, 100 （P100）, 150 （P15o）, and 200 （P200） kg/hm2, while subplots contained of irrigation times, i.e. 8 （I8）, 10 （I10）, 12 （I12）, and 14 （I14） irrigation levels, each with a water depth of 7.5 cm. Mean values revealed that P150 in combination with I10 produced the highest paddy yield （9.8 t/hm2） and net benefit （1 231.8 US$/hm2） among all the treatments. Phosphorus enhanced WP when applied in appropriate combination with irrigation level. The highest mean WP [13.3 kg/（hm2-mm）] could be achieved at Plso with 18 and decreased with increase in irrigation level, while the highest mean PUE （20.1 kg/kg） could be achieved at P100 with I10 and diminished with higher P levels. The overall results indicate that P150 along with I10 was the best combination for sustainable rice cultivation in silty clay soil.

关键词： virrigation level phosphorus phosphorus use efficiency rice water productivity yield

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Use of sewage in split doses to enhance water productivity for fish culture

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2021年第6期6卷 609-616页

作者： Rathindranath Mandal Arabinda Das Debnarayan Chattopadhyay Ajmal Hussan Subhendu Adhikari Baidyanath Paul Farhana Hoque Parthapratim Chakrabarti Bindu R.Pillai Regional Research Centre ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater AquacultureRaharaKolkata700118West BengalIndia ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture Bhubaneswar751002OdishaIndia

The problem of sewage disposal has received great attention worldwide.The raw sewage contains a variety of high inorganic and organic matters that affect natural water environment.To mitigate such problem,sewage may be recycled through aquaculture practice.Sewage recycling in aquaculture enhances water productivity through nutrients input.Proper loading of sewage ensures viable aquaculture;otherwise,fish mortality occurs due to poor water quality.To optimize sewage application,two different experiments were conducted,each with four treatments.In both experiments,three fish species namely rohu(Labeo rohita Hamilton,1822),mrigal(Cirrhinus mrigala Hamilton,1822),and bata(Labeo bata Hamilton,1822)were tested in triplicate in FRP(Fibre-Reinforced Plastic)tanks.Different sewage concentrations(0,25%,50%and 75%)used in first experiment were prepared by mixing freshwater,showing Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD)2.0±0.4 mg/L,10.8±1.4 mg/L,19.6±1.5 mg/L and 41.6±2.58 mg/L,respectively.After 30 days rearing,results showed≥75%fish survival in sewage concentrations up to 50%with BOD level 19.6±1.5 mg/L.Less than 50%fish survived in 75%sewage concentration,with BOD level as 41.6±2.58 mg/L.The second experiment was conducted for 90 days considering 50%sewage concentration as basal dose with BOD level as 19.6 mg/L as an acceptable limit for fish survival.Split doses of sewage were applied in T_(1),T_(2) and T_(3) treatments fortnightly,weekly and semi-weekly intervals,while single dose was used in C(control)treatment.Application of split doses resulted better hydro-biological changes,including nutrients recovery,in T_(1),T_(2) and T_(3) than that of single dose in control.Fish growth plotted with net primary productivity(NPP),phytoplankton and zooplankton densities exhibited positive correlations in T_(2)(12 doses)and T_(3)(24 doses),considered as optimal doses to ensure better water productivity for desirable fish production than sewage with single dose or limited doses(6 doses).

关键词： Sewage Split dose water productivity Fish rearing

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