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Comparative water efficiency Analysis of Sole and Multiple Cropping Systems under Tunnel Farming in Punjab-Pakistan

Journal of water Resource and Protection 2020年第6期12卷 455-471页

作者： Hina Fatima Lal K. Almas Sehrish Haroon Department of Finance and Economics Mohammad Ali Jinnah University Karachi Pakistan Paul Engler College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences West Texas A & M University Canyon TX USA Department of Public Administration Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi Pakistan

water scarcity is the growing concern of present times, requiring its efficient utilization deemed as necessity. Rapidly growing population has significantly exerted pressure on its demand, in Pakistan. In order to fulfill it, all factors of production are required to be used in the possibly most efficient way. Good quality and quantity of water are the growing concerns of producers in Pakistan and around the globe. The efficient water utilization is crucial to optimize the farm returns under the selected sole and multiple cropping systems. This study considered the water efficiency analysis of multiple and sole cropping systems, with the aim of finding out cropping patterns more efficient in terms of water utilization in Pakistan. In order to estimate the water efficiency analysis, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is run to find out the water efficient cropping systems among sole and multiple cropping systems. The Tobit analysis is also used to find out the factors affecting the water efficiency of selected farms in the study area. The results of the study report an inefficient water usage in terms of irrigation, the inefficient use of water instigates the wastage of one of the most important as well as scarce farm inputs especially water, in case of multiple cropping system. Around 51% and 13% of water inefficiency are present under multiple and sole cropping systems, respectively. Basin irrigation is the method for irrigation, used by the farmers of the study area approximating to be 95% - 97%. It is one of the most conventional and least efficient methods of irrigation. Only 2.67 and 4.67 percent of farms were using the Furrow irrigation method, which is way more efficient and steady as compared to Basin irrigation method, respectively. It appears as a requirement that the most efficient methods regarding water application in Pakistan should be recognized. Lack of management in wate

关键词： water efficiency Irrigated Agriculture Sole and Multiple Cropping Tun-nel Farming Punjab-Pakistan Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Tobit Analysis

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Defining Cities by water: Addressing Capital Misallocation in a Race to Conserve Resources

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China Economist 2024年第1期19卷 86-102页

作者： Yao Peng Li Jinze School of Economics Qufu Normal UniversityQufuChina School of Economics Shandong UniversityJinanChina School of Economics Ocean University of ChinaQingdaoChina

As part of its efforts to promote a sustainable and high-quality development,China has pledged to reduce water consumption and create a water-efficient *** the basis of identifying the institutional root causes of excessive capital allocation and excessive water consumption in China’s water-intensive industrial sectors,this study elaborates how the national water-efficient cities assessment contributes to optimized capital *** research shows that national water-efficient cities assessment has motivated local governments to compete for water *** conserve water,local governments regulated the entry and exit of water-intensive enterprises,discouraged excessive investments in water-intensive sectors,and phased out obsolete water-intensive capacities within their *** approach has resulted in mutually beneficial outcomes,including improved allocation of capital,enhanced water efficiency,and reduced *** paper offers policy recommendations for establishing a water-efficient society throughout the 14^(th) Five-Year Plan(2021-2025)period by presenting empirical evidence on the policy effects of resource efficiency evaluation.

关键词： Competitive evaluation for resource efficiency national water-efficient cities assessment capital misallocation water efficiency emissions abatement

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Formulation of a Net Zero Assessment System for Healthcare Facilities

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第7期11卷 118-135页

作者： Esraa ElMitainy Salah M. El-Haggar School of Sciences and Engineering The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt

The international efforts to limit climate change are increasing, that during the COP26 convention, reaching Net Zero Greenhouse Gas emissions became part of the global goals for many countries and entities. One of the sectors that holds the responsibility of addressing the impacts of climate change is the healthcare sector, and accordingly, it is also encouraged to take a leading role in maintaining its sustainability and be a role model for the other sectors. Additionally, the buildings sector, through the World Green Building council, has taken the initiative to launch the Net Zero Carbon Buildings Commitment for the sector. Based on these practices, the work presented aims to introduce and formulate an Approaching Net Zero assessment methodology to be integrated as part of the sustainability criteria and rating system for healthcare facilities in developing countries. The methodology planned is based on four different aspects which are: 1) Approaching Net Zero Energy, 2) Approaching Net Zero Wastewater, 3) Approaching Net Zero Solid Waste, and 4) Approaching Net Zero GHG emissions. The facility should have achieved a Green Building certification through any certification body, and then apply for the aspect on which it requires to be assessed. The assessment methodology follows a systematic approach, where a baseline year of normal operation is determined for existing facilities to act as a base of assessment, and normal design practices for new facilities Based on the assessment and proof of performance enhancement, the facility will either be awarded a basic certificate for achieving continuous savings, or additionally be awarded a best performance certificate compared to other facilities in the same category.

关键词： Healthcare Facilities Sustainability Net Zero Concept water efficiency Energy efficiency Cradle-to-Cradle/Waste Reduction GHG Emissions

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The Effect of Different Irrigation Levels in Cowpea Production in the Mid-Northern Region of Tocantins—Brazil

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American Journal of Climate Change 2018年第4期7卷 548-557页

作者： Francisco Mauricio Alves Francelino Fabio Cunha Coelho Carmen Maria Coimbra Manhaes Danilo Gomes de Oliveira Levi Rodrigues Neto Mirian Peixoto Soares da Silva State University of North Fluminense—Darcy Ribeiro—UENF CamposBrazil Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Tocantins—IFTOPedro AfonsoBrazil Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology Goiano—IFGOIANOPossesBrazil Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Tocantins—IFTOColinas do TocantinsBrazil

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of irrigation levels in the productivity and water use efficiency, in the soil and climatic conditions of the municipality of Colinas do Tocantins, located in the Mid-Northern region of the State of Tocantins. The cowpea cultivation system was submitted to the application of five irrigation blades, based on ET0—Reference Evapotranspiration: Blade 0% of ET0, Blade 50% of ET0, Blade 75% of ET0, Blade 100% of ET0 and Blade 125% of ET0 (B0, B50, B75, B100 and B125% of ET0). The descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, applying the 95% confidence interval to discriminate the differences between the treatments, since the replicates were constituted of 100 plants harvested at random within the plot for each treatment and no design method was performed. A significant effect of the different levels was found on all evaluated components, with the exception of the length of the pod, which did not differ in the irrigation levels. The increase in irrigation contributed to the increase of the results of the components that compete directly for higher productivity, such as number of pods per plant, weight of pods and number of seeds per pod. In these results, it was found that higher irrigation levels confer higher yields. water-use efficiency—WUE behaved as per productivity trend, that is, it decreased with the reduction of irrigation levels.

关键词： Vigna unguiculata(L.) Productivity water efficiency

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Key Developments in Indian Irrigation Sector

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2020年第5期9卷 184-187页

作者： Sabarna Roy Business Development Applications TechnologyEngineering and Strategy DepartmentSenior Vice PresidentElectrosteel GroupKolkata-700017India

The key developments in Indian Irrigation sector have been presented by briefly discussing the following topics:*** Indian Irrigation Challenges and Way *** Interventions in water Sector in India(Maharashtra’s Example).*** and Activities of Maharashtra water Resource Regulatory Authority(MWRRA).*** Achievements of *** National Committee On Irrigation and Drainage(INCID).***,Command Area Development and Micro Irrigation in *** Management and Its *** Building.

关键词： Irrigation developments MWRRA INCID CWC water efficiency flood forecasting sustainability Micro-Irrigation

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