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Effect of a new antitranspirant on the physiology and water use efficiency of soybean under different irrigation rates in an arid region

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2017年第2期4卷 155-164页

作者： Shasha JI Ling TONG Fusheng LI Hongna LU Sien LI Taisheng DU Youjie WU Center for Agricultural water Research in China China Agricultural University College of Agriculture Guangxi University

Antitranspirants are exogenous substances applied to leaves to reduce luxury transpiration by regulating stomatal conductance to increase water use efficiency(WUE). A cheap and environmentally-friendly antitranspirant, FZ, was newly developed, extracted mainly from Alhagi sparsifolia. Its effects on soybean water use were investigated in a field experiment using the locally-used irrigation rate and a low irrigation rate(The lower and upper limit of irrigation is 40%–70% of field capacity). Foliar application of FZ and measurement of leaf physiological characteristics, final biomass, seed yield and water use efficiency were carried out during the pod bearing and pod filling stages of drip-irrigated soybean with film-mulching. Under the low irrigation rate, leaf stomatal conductance(gs) and transpiration rate(Tr)decreased significantly by 7 d after spraying, but photosynthesis(Pn) and instantaneous water use efficiency(WUE_(in)) were not significantly affec ted. The stomatal frequency, stomatal aperture, gs, Tr and Pn decreased by 1 d after spraying, without significantly increasing WUE_(in).However, applying FZ during the pod bearing and pod filling stages did not significantly affect the final biomass,water consumption, seed yield and WUE of soybean.Under the locally-used irrigation rate, applying FZ increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in the leaves by 38% and 33%, respectively,but did not significantly affect gs, Tr, Pn, stomatal aperture and stomatal frequency. Applying FZ three times during pod bearing and pod filling stages enhanced seed yield and WUE by 24% and 21%, respectively, but did not significantly affect the final biomass and water consumption. Therefore, seed yield and WUE of soybean were significantly increased by foliar application of FZ during the pod bearing and pod filling stages under the locally-used irrigation rate in arid region, but applying FZ did not have a positive effect on water use efficiency of soybean under a low irrigation rate.

关键词： antitranspirant soybean water deficit leaf gas exchange enzymes activities water consumption seed yield

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Growth and abscisic acid responses of Medicago sativa to water stress at different growth stages

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018年第1期5卷 80-86页

作者： Yue LI Liqiang WAN Yufei WANG Xianglin LI Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with three alfalfa(Medicago sativa) cultivars,Aohan, Zhongmu No.1 and Sanditi, to examine the morphological and physiological responses of alfalfa to water stress. The response of alfalfa to water stress at different growth stages was generally similar, but varied among cultivars. At the branching, flowering and podding stages, the shoot biomasses of Aohan and Zhongmu No.1 were greatly affected by, and responded quickly to, water stress. The shoot biomass of Sanditi was not affected by mild water stress, but had a slight response to moderate and severe water stress. The root/shoot ratios in Aohan and Zhongmu No.1 were more sensitive to water stress than in Sanditi, with the root/shoot ratio in Aohan increasing most significantly. At flowering, the root/shoot ratio was the highest and the effect of water stress the greatest. The abscisic acid(ABA) concentration in the roots of Aohan and Zhongmu No.1 increased under water stress, while in Sanditi there was only a slight or delayed response of ABA concentration.

关键词： abscisic acid alfalfa drought response growth stage water deficit

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Effect of irrigation schedule on growth and seed yield of camelina(Camelina sativa L.)in Tarai region of central Himalaya

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Oil Crop Science 2021年第1期6卷 8-11页

作者： Ankur Agarwal Om Prakash Madhu Bala Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research Defence R&D OrganizationGoraparaoP.OArjunpurHaldwaniUttarakhand263139India

Camelina(Camelina sativa)has emerged as a potential biofuel crop globally with its suitability even as a jet fuel source with 75–80%less greenhouse gas emissions compared to common petroleum fuels.The crop has originated from Mediterranean region and belongs to Brassicaceae family.DIBER,DRDO has made initial and pioneer efforts in successful introduction of this crop to India and its agro-technology standardization.Being a short duration crop with lesser input requirement,it fits well in the cropping pattern of hilly states of Indian Himalaya.These areas experience fallow land due to shortage of irrigation water for growing other crops.The present study revealed that irrigation at flowering stage is more beneficial.Irrigation at this stage(if only one irrigation is available)exhibited grain yield of 1.004 kg·m^(-2)which was 21 and 80%higher over pod setting and rosette stage irrigation,respectively.The maximum seed yield was observed under treatment where irrigation was provided at all three crop growth stages(2.044 kg·m^(-2)).It was 50%higher over T6 treatment(where two irrigations were given at rosette and flowering stage)and 104%higher over T3(where only one irrigation was given at flowering stage).

关键词： Irrigation scheduling water requirement water deficit Biofuel crop False flax

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Effects of Selenium on Maize Ovary Development at Pollination Stage Under water deficits

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第11期7卷 1298-1307页

作者： SHEN Qiang-yun Marja Turakainen Mervi Seppanen Pirjo Makela Department of Applied Biology University of Helsinki P.O. Box 27 Helsinki FIN-O0014 Finland Crop Research Institute Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science Ningxia 750105 P.R. China

Maize ovary development is linked to kernel formation. Soil water deficit results in ovary abortion because of low water potential （ψw） resulting in inhibition of photosynthesis from anthesis to silking stage. Thus, drought is a key factor causing yield losses in maize, especially near the time of pollination. Earlier studies have indicated that selenium （Se） maintains antioxidative defence systems and enhances sugar and starch accumulation. The effects of Se on maize ovary development were studied in drought stress conditions. Maize ovary development was studied through observations on starch, membrane integrity, fresh weight and dry weight in drought-treated or unstressed glasshouse-grown plants, and crop yield, yield structure, leaf, stem and ear biomass accumulation were also analyzed. Results indicated that Se increased the stress tolerance of the crop, even though ovary abortion was not eliminated by Se treatments under low ψw. Under well-watered control conditions, Se had also negative effects. When the first ear was not succesfully pollinated or the ovaries aborted, the plants developed more ears. Even though these later formed ears did not produce kernels, they significantly increased the dry weight of the plants under water deficit. It could be concluded that The optimal concentration for maize of Se applied through roots is about 0.01 mg kg^-1 （supplied as Na2SeO4） soil or less.

关键词： ovary development photosynthesis selenium water deficit Zea mays

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Influence of Soil Compaction and Drought on the Growth, Photosynthesis and Carbohydrates in Fugi/M.9EMLA Apple Plants

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2003年第9期2卷 1021-1029页

作者： YAOYun-cong JohnGStreeter DavidCFerree DepartmentofHorticulture BeijingAgriculturalCollegeBeijing102206P.R.China DepartmentofHorticultureandCropScience OhioStateUniversity~OhioAgriculturalResearchandDevelopmentCenter1680MadisonAvenueWoosterOhio44691USA

Greenhouse grown 1 year old potted M.9EMLA apple trees ( Malus pumila Borkh) were subjected to the soil compaction and, after growing under compacted or non compacted conditions for 6 weeks, were subjected to drought stress by withholding water for an additional six week period. Soil compaction and drought stress significantly reduced plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area. Although drought significantly inhibited photosynthesis and transpiration, compaction only depressed transpiration. Furthermore, the effects of drought on plant growth, photosynthesis and transpiration were much greater than the effects of compaction. The rate of water loss from compacted plants was lower than the rate from non compacted controls and this may explain the insignificant impact of compaction on photosynthesis. Sorbitol, glucose, and fructose concentrations increased over time during the drought stress period whereas sucrose concentration declined. In well watered controls, sucrose concentration was much higher in leaves of compacted plants than in the leaves on non compacted controls. For most of the sampling dates the leaf sorbitol concentration was lower in leaves on plants growing in compacted soil than in the leaves of those of the non compacted controls. Although interactions between the effects of compaction and drought were highly significant for plant growth variables during the onset of drought, interactive effects on photosynthesis, transpiration, relative water content and carbohydrate variables were inconsistent. Compaction and drought both have major effects on apple plants and the interactions between these two stresses are complex.

关键词： Malus pumila Borkh Sorbitol water deficit Transpiration

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The Xylem Cavitation Diagnosis Technology Based on Ultrasonic Acoustic Emissions

The Xylem Cavitation Diagnosis Technology Based on Ultrasoni...

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2011年全国压电和声波理论及器件应用研讨会

作者： Jian-xin WANG~(1,*) Mei-li SUI~2 Shi-feng YANG~3 Xian-wei GAO~1 1 Department of Electronic and Information Engineering,Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute,Beijing 100070,China 2 Beijing Senior Expert Technology Center Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100046,China 3 College of Electronic Information and Automation,Tianjin University of Science And Technology,Tianjin 300222, China

＜正＞Studies have shown that acoustic emission is associated with the phenomenon of cavitation in the plant xylem stem. Because the water columns in negative pressure are unstable,the lower the pressure becomes,the greater the instability.When a cavitation event causes a rapid relaxation of the liquid tension that produces an acoustic

关键词： water deficit ultrasonic acoustic emissions UAEs

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