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Role of water chemistry on estrone removal by nanofiltration with the presence of hydrophobic acids

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第1期9卷 164-170页

作者： Xue JIN Jiangyong HU School of Engineering University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8LT UK Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117576 Singapore

Hydrophobic acid organic matter （HpoA） extracted from treated effluent has been known to improve the rejection of steroid hormone estrone by reverse osmosis （RO） and nanofiltration （NF） membranes. In this study, the effects of solution chemistry （solution pH and ionic strength） on the estrone rejection by NF membrane with the presence of HpoA were systematically investigated. Crossflow nanofiltration experiments show that the presence of HpoA significantly improved estrone rejection at all pH and ionic strength levels investigated. It is consistently shown that the ＂enhancement effect＂ of HpoA on estrone rejection at neutral and alkaline pH is attributed to the binding of estrone by HpoA macromolecules via hydrogen bonding between phenolic functional groups in feed solutions, which leads to an increase in molecular weight and appearance of negative charge. The membrane exhibited the best performance in terms ofestrone rejection at pH 10.4 （compared to pH 4 and pH 7） as a result of strengthening the electrostatic repulsion between estrone and membrane with the presence of HpoA. At neutral pH level, the ability of HpoA macromolecules to promote estrone rejection became stronger with increasing ionic strength due to their more extended conformation, which created more chances for the association between estrone and HpoA. The important conclusion of this study is that increasing solution pH and salinity can greatly intensify the ＂enhancement effect＂ of HpoA. These results can be important for NF application in direct/indirect potable water reuse.

关键词： steroid hormone nanofiltration(NF) rejection water chemistry hydrophobic acids indirect potable water reuse

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Some fundamental understandings of Zn-injection water chemistry on material corrosion in pressurized water reactor primary circuit

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Corrosion Communications 2022年第2期6卷 52-61页

作者： Xinqiang Wu Xiahe Liu Ziyu Zhang Jibo Tan En-Hou Han Wei Ke CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment Liaoning Key Laboratory for Safety and Assessment Technique of Nuclear Materials Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

The optimization of water chemistry in pressurized water reactor(PWR) primary circuit is one of the most effective ways to achieve both safety and economy for operating PWR nuclear power plants(NPPs). Special attention has been paid to fundamental research and engineering application of Zn-injection water chemistry(ZWC) in PWR primary circuit in recent years in China due to the rapid development of nuclear power. The present paper mainly reports the status of PWR NPPs in China and some fundamental understandings of ZWC on material corrosion. Effects of temperature(T), pH at T value, Zn concentration, Zn-injection sequence and lasting time on electrochemical corrosion behavior, oxide film characteristic and stress corrosion cracking(SCC) susceptibility of nuclear-grade austenitic alloys were investigated. A modified point defect model was used to discuss the effects of ZWC on the oxide films in high-temperature pressurized water. Some water chemistry parameters in PWR primary coolant system are proposed for mitigating corrosion and SCC of nuclear-grade austenitic alloys.

关键词： Pressurized water reactor water chemistry Zinc-injection Material corrosion Stress corrosion cracking

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Changes of water chemistry from rainfall to stream flow in Obagbile Catchment, Southwest Nigeria

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Regional Sustainability 2022年第2期3卷 170-181页

作者： Mojisola Hannah OMOGBEHIN Isaac Ayo OLUWATIMILEHIN Department of Geography Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle Ife220101Nigeria

water chemistry changes when it flows through different *** study aims to characterize the differences of water(including rainwater,overland flow,soil water,groundwater,and stream water)chemistry of five kinds of water in Obagbile Catchment in Southwest Nigeria,determine the changes in water chemistry that occur as the water moves from one pathway to another,and identify the factors responsible for the water chemistry *** do these,we collected 50 water samples from 10 heavy storms that received equal to or more than 10 mm of rain within an hour to test the changes of water chemical properties across various pathways in this *** results show that overland flow had the highest p H and electrical conductivity(EC)and rainwater had the lowest values of the two ***^(2+),Mg^(2+),Cl^(ˉ),and HCOO^(ˉ) were found to have their highest concentrations in stream water;meanwhile,NO_(3)^(–),NH_(4)^(+),and SO_(4)^(2–) were found to have almost the same low concentrations in all the water samples.K+was only dominant in stream water;while dissolved organic carbon(DOC)was lowest in rainwater,same in overland flow,soil water,and groundwater samples,and highest in stream *** component analysis(PCA)showed that for all the water samples from different pathways,two factors mainly accounted for the total *** two factors were related to the crustal and anthropogenic sources in rainwater,suggesting that the high loadings of major cations(e.g.,Ca^(2+) and Mg^(2+)) in rainwater samples are *** PCA for the overland flow and soil water showed strong correlations among pH,EC,and the concentrations of Na^(+),Mg^(2+),HCOO^(-),and CH_(3)COO^(-),while the high loadings of all the parameters and the strong correlations among each other were evident in the stream *** conclusion,the chemical constituents found in water are also the components of pathways through which the water *** major factors responsible for the change in the

关键词： water chemistry Rainwater Overland flow Soil water Obagbile Catchment Principal component analysis

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Changes in groundwater induced by water diversion in the Lower Tarim River,Xinjiang Uygur,NW China:Evidence from environmental isotopes and water chemistry

Changes in groundwater induced by water diversion in the Low...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第十届(2010年度)学术年会

作者： Tianming Huang~(a,b),Zhonghe Pang~(a,*) a Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China b Graduate School,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039,China

The Lower Tarim River in NW China is under severe ecosystem degradation due to stopped stream flow and diminished groundwater *** year 2000,eight water diversions from the upper stream and from the neighboring Kaidu-Kongque River have been implemented to alleviate the ecosystem disaster. In order to assess the effectiveness of the water diversion project and to identify proper tracers of groundwater dynamics,we sampled the riparian groundwater system in 2007 and 2008 along the 350 km-long river channel through the 40 monitoring wells situated along nine transects perpendicular to the river and three soil *** on the samples have included environmental isotopes (O,H,H)and water *** results show that remarkable changes have been induced by the water *** observed response of riparian groundwater system includes general decrease in total dissolved solid(TDS)and rise of water *** with greater than 1 m rise in water table is within～700 m from the riverbank in the upper segments and～300 m in the lower *** rise of water table occurs near the river *** data show that the extent of modern recharge(since 1960s),including that from the diverted water,is limited to 600 m from the riverbank at the upper segments and 200 m at the lower *** isotopes show that groundwaters,regardless of modern or pre-modern,are enriched in heavy isotopes and are plotted in parallel to the meteoric water line in theδ-δplot,attributed to evaporation during *** is generally of Na-Mg-Cl-SO type and is formed by dissolution of minerals,such as halite,sulfate,and carbonates,based on component correlation matrices *** salinity of groundwater is mainly affected by that of the diverted water and of the local antecedent groundwater,salts in the unsaturated zone,evapotranspiration during *** the zone of smaller groundwater depth(less than 5 m)suitable for the most existing Populus euphratica and

关键词： water diversion Environmental isotopes water chemistry Salinization mechanism Tarim River Arid environment

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water chemistry and water quality variation in the Danjiangkou Reservoir, as a function of water management for the Middle Route of South to North water Divert Project, China

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Acta Geochimica 2006年第S1期 274-274页

作者： Siyue LI1, Quanfa ZHANG2 1 Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China 2 Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China

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Streamwater chemistry and flow dynamics along vegetation-soil gradient in a subalpine Abies fabri forest watershed, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第5期16卷 722-729页

作者： SHANBao-qing WANGWei-dong YINCheng-qing SKLEAC ResearchCenterforEco-EnvironmentalSciencesChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100085China

Streamwater chemistry and spatial flow dynamics from a subalpine Abies fabri forest in an experimental watershed located in the east slope of Gongga Mountain were analyzed to gain insights into the gradient effect of primary community succession on the stream biogeochemical process. Results showed that high sand content(exceeding 80%) and porosity in the soil(exceeding 20% in A horizon and 35% in B horizon), as well as a thick humus layer on the soil surface, made the water exchange quickly in the Huangbengliu(HBL) watershed. Consequently, no surface runoff was observed, and the stream discharge changed rapidly with the daily precipitation. The flow trends of base ions in the stream water were influenced by the Abies fabri succession gradient. Ca 2+ , HCO - 3 and SO 2- 4 were the dominant anions in the streamwater in this region. A significant difference of Ca 2+ , HCO - 3 and SO 2- 4 concentration exported between the succession stages in the watershed can be found. But they had the similar temporal change in the stream flow. Ca 2+ , HCO - 3 and SO 2- 4 showed significantly negative correlations with the daily precipitation and the stream discharge. \;Concentrations of Cl -, Na +, K +, and Mg 2+ were low in all streamwaters monitored and we observed no differences along the Abies fabri succession gradient. Low ratios of Na:(Na+Ca) (range from 0.1 to 0.2) implied cations were from bedrock weathering(internal source process in the soil system) in this region. But, a variance analysis showed there were almost no differences between rainwater and streamwaters for Mg 2+ , Na +, K +, and Cl - concentrations. This indicated that they might be come from rainfall inputs(external source). The highly mobile capacity, rapid water exchange between precipitation and discharge, and long-term export lead to this observed pattern were suggested.

关键词： water chemistry succession subalpine coniferous forest Abies fabri watershed Gongga Mt.

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Variation of nutrient fluxes by rainfall redistribution processes in the forest canopy of an urban larch plantation in northeast China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第4期33卷 1259-1269页

作者： Houcai Sheng Na Guo Cunyong Ju Tijiu Cai Center for Ecological Research Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China College of Food Engineering East University of HeilongjiangHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China

Atmospheric deposition(dry and wet deposition)is one of the primary sources of chemical inputs to terrestrial ecosystems and replenishes the nutrient pool in forest *** often acts as a primary transporting agent and solvent;thus,nutrient cycles in forests are closely linked to hydrological *** collected precipitation data during a growing season to explore variations in nutrient cycling and nutrient balances in the rainfall redistribution process(wet deposition)in a larch plantation in northeast *** measured nutrient(NO_(3)^(-),PO_(4)^(3−),Cl^(−),K,Ca,Na,and Mg)inputs via bulk precipitation,throughfall and stemfl ow,and used a canopy budget model to estimate nutrient fl uxes via canopy *** results suggest that the average concentrations of the base cation(K,Ca,Na,and Mg)showed the following order:stemfl ow>throughfall>bulk *** and stemfl ow chemistry dramatically fl uctuated over the growing season when net fl uxes(throughfall+stemfl ow—bulk precipitation)of NO−3,PO3−4,SO2−4,Cl−,K,Ca,Na,and Mg were−6.676 kg·ha^(-1),−1.094 kg·ha^(-1),−2.371 kg·ha^(-1),1.975 kg·ha^(-1),0.470 kg·ha^(-1),−5.202 kg·ha^(-1),−0.336 kg·ha^(-1),and 1.397 kg·ha^(-1),*** results suggest that NO−3,PO3−4,SO2−4,Ca,and Na were retained,while Cl−,K,and Mg were washed off by throughfall and stemfl ow.

关键词： Rainfall redistribution Aqueous fluxes water chemistry Macronutrients input Plantation forest Harbin

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Potential hydraulic connectivity of coal mine aquifers based on statistical analysis of hydrogeochemistry

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water Science and Engineering 2022年第4期15卷 285-293页

作者： Xiang Zhao Wei-hua Peng Kai Chen Xin-yi Qiu Lin-hua Sun School of Resources and Civil Engineering Suzhou UniversitySuzhou 234000China School of Earth and Environment Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China Key Laboratory of Mine water Resource Utilization of Anhui Higher Education Institutes Suzhou UniversitySuzhou 234000China

Mining activities interfere with the natural groundwater chemical environment,which may lead to hydrogeochemical changes of aquifers and mine water inrush *** study analyzed the hydrochemical compositions of 80 water samples in three aquifers and developed a water source identification model to explore the control factors and potential hydraulic connection of groundwater chemistry in a coal *** results showed that the hydrochemical types of the three aquifers were *** main hydrochemical compositions of the loose-layer,coal-bearing,and limestone aquifers were HCO_(3)·Cl-Na,SO_(4)·HCO_(3)-Na,and SO_(4)-Na·Ca,*** correlation,Unmix,and factor an-alyses showed that the hydrochemical composition of groundwater was controlled by the dissolution of soluble minerals(such as calcite,dolomite,gypsum,and halite)and the weathering of silicate *** factor score plot combined with Q-mode cluster analysis demon-strated no remarkable hydraulic connection among the three aquifers in the study *** water source identification model effectively identified the source of inrush ***,the mixing ratio model rationally quantified the contributions of the three aquifers to inrush water.

关键词： Groundwater water chemistry Factor analysis Hydraulic connection Mathematical statistics

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Chemical and Isotopic Approach to Groundwater Cycle in Western Qaidam Basin,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2009年第4期19卷 357-364页

作者： TAN Hongbing RAO Wenbo CHEN Jiansheng SU Zhiguo SUN Xiaoxu LIU Xiaoyan State Key Laboratory of Hydrology- water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China Department of Earth Science and Engineering College of Civil Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China

Due to the extremely arid climate in the western Qaidam Basin,the groundwater almost becomes the single water source for local residents and industrial *** is necessary to know the reliable information on the groundwater cycle in this region for reasonable and sustainable exploitation of the groundwater resources with the further execution of recycling economy *** study focused on the recharge,the flow rate and the discharge of groundwater in the western Qaidam Basin through investigations on water chemistry and ***,chemical and isotopic characteristics show that the groundwater in the western Qaidam Basin was recharged by meltwater from new surface snow and old bottom glaciers on the northern slope of the Kunlun *** addition,the results also prove that the source water is enough and stable,and the rates of the circulation and renewal of the groundwater are relatively ***,it can be concluded that the groundwater resources would guarantee the regional requirement if the meltwater volume of the mountains has not a great changes in future,moreover,water exploitation should be limited to the renewable amount of the groundwater reservoir in the western Qaidam Basin.

关键词： groundwater cycle water chemistry isotope Qaidam Basin

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Arsenic Distribution Pattern in Different Sources of Drinking water and their Geological Background in Guanzhong Basin, Shaanxi, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第3期88卷 984-994页

作者： LUO Kunli ZHANG Shixi TIAN Yuan GAO Xing Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of chemistry School of ScienceTsinghua University

To study arsenic （As） content and distribution patterns as well as the genesis of different kinds of water,especially the different sources of drinking water in Guanzhong Basin,Shaanxi province,China,139 water samples were collected at 62 sampling points from wells of different depths,from hot springs,and *** As content of these samples was measured by the intermittent flowhydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry method （HG-AFS）.The As concentrations in the drinking water in Guanzhong Basin vary greatly （0.00-68.08 tg/L）,and the As concentration of groundwater in southern Guanzhong Basin is different from that in the northern Guanzhong *** within the same location in southern Guanzhong Basin,the As concentrations at different depths vary *** concentration of groundwater from the shallow wells （〈50 m deep,0.56-3.87 μg/L） is much lower than from deep wells （110-360 m deep,19.34-62.91 μg/L）,whereas As concentration in water of any depth in northern Guanzhong Basin is 〈10 μg/*** Guanzhong Basin is a newly discovered high-As groundwater area in *** high-As groundwater is mainly distributed in areas between the Qinling Mountains and Weihe River; it has only been found at depths ranging from 110 to 360 m in confined aquifers,which store water in the Lishi and Wucheng Loess （Lower and Middle Pleistocene） in the southern Guanzhong *** concentration of hot spring water is 6.47-11.94 μg/L; that of geothermal water between 1000 and 1500 m deep is 43.68-68.08 μg/*** high-As well water at depths from 110 to 360 m in southern Guanzhong Basin has a very low fluorine （F） value,which is generally 〈0.10 mg/***,the hot springs of Lintong and Tangyu and the geothermal water in southern Guanzhong Basin have very high F values （8.07-14.96 mg/L）.The results indicate that high As groundwater in depths from 110 to 360 m is unlikely to have a direct relationship with the geothermal water in the same *** concentration of all reser

关键词： Hydrology pollution water chemistry drinking water quality different groundwaterdepths arsenic content Pleistocene Loess Guanzhong Basin

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