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Comparative study of well soaking timing(pre *** flowback)for water blockage removal from matrix-fracture interface

Petroleum 2020年第3期6卷 286-292页

作者： Nur Wijaya James J.Sheng Bob L.Herd Department of Petroleum Engineering Texas Tech UniversityTexasUSA

water blockage after hydraulic fracturing is one of the major challenges in shale oil recovery which affects the optimal production from the *** water blockage represents a higher water saturation near the matrixfracture interface,which decreases the hydrocarbon relative *** removal of water blockage in the field is typically carried out by soaking the well(i.e.,shut-in)after hydraulic fracturing operation is *** soaking period allows water redistribution,which decreases the water saturation near the matrix-fracture ***,previous field reports show that there is not a strong consensus on whether shut-in is beneficial in terms of production rate or ultimate oil *** to the large number of parameters involved in hydraulic fracturing and tight formations,it is challenging to select which parameter plays the dominant role in determining the shut-in ***,literature on field case studies does not frequently report the parameters which are of researchers’*** other words,the challenge of evaluating shut-in performance not only lies on the complexity of parameters and effects involved within the reservoir,but also the limited number of field case studies which report a comprehensive list of fracturing and reservoir *** paper aims to investigate the effect of well soaking timing on shut-in *** idea to investigate the shut-in timing effect is motivated by the fact that in the field,shut-in can take place either immediately after hydraulic fracturing but before the first flowback(i.e.,pre-flowback)or sometime after the first flowback(i.e.,post-flowback).The timing of shut-in is believed to influence the production performance,because it dictates how much water is allowed to imbibe from the fractures to the matrix before the extended production.A numerical model is built and validated by a successful history match with numerous data from core-flood *** previous s

关键词： water blockage Formation damage Flowback Shut-in Desiccation

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The gas jet behavior in submerged Laval nozzle flow

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2017年第6期29卷 1035-1043页

作者：宫兆新鲁传敬李杰曹嘉怡 Department of Engineering Mechanics MOE Key laboratory of HydrodynamicsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The behavior of the combustion gas jet in a Laval nozzle flow is studied by numerical simulations. The Laval nozzle is installed in an engine and the combustion gas comes out of the engine through the nozzle and then injects into the surrounding environment. First, the jet injection into the air is simulated and the results are verified by the theoretical solutions of the 1-D isentropic flow. Then the behavior of the gas jet in a submerged Laval nozzle flow is simulated for various water depths. The stability of the jet and the jet evolution with a series of expansion waves and compression waves are analyzed, as well as the mechanism of the jet in a deep water depth. Finally, the numerical results are compared with existing experimental data and it is shown that the characteristics of the water blockage and the average values of the engine thrust are in good agreement and the unfixed engine in the experiment is the cause of the differences of the frequency and the amplitude of the oscillation.

关键词： Gas jet Laval nozzle water blockage shock wave

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Hydrophobic nanochannel self-assembled by amphipathic Janus particles confined in aqueous nano-space

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第3期27卷 191-196页

作者： Gang Fang Nan Sheng Tan Jin Yousheng Xu Hai Sun Jun Yao Wei Zhuang Haiping Fang Division of Interfacial water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on Structure of MattersChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Light Industry Zhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhou 310023China School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266555China

Hydrophobic nanochannel plays a significant role in many physical, biological, and geological phenomena and ex- hibits impressive applications due to both its ubiquitous distribution and great ability to transport hydrophobic molecules, including various oils and gases. Based on theoretical modeling, we herein reveal that the amphipathic Janus nanoparticles have a large probability to self-assemble into uninterrupted hydrophobic nanochannels inside the aqueous nano-space, al- though there are large portions of the Janus nanoparticles to be hydrophilic. The key to this observation is the attractions between the hydrophobic regimes on neighboring amphipathic Janus particles through hydrophobic interaction in aqueous nano-space. More surprisingly, the permeation efficiency of hydrophobic molecules through the uninterrupted hydrophobic channel in Janus particles aggregate is even higher than that in the aggregate of hydrophobic particles. We note that the proposed amphipathic Janus particles can be transported to the appropriate positions by the water since the hydrophilic regimes still remain a strong particle-water interaction. We also note that most natural subsurface rocks are not completely hydrophobic or hydrophilic but have complex surfaces with inhomogeneous wetting property. Our work therefore provides a detailed molecular level understanding of the formation of underground strata as well as the new insight for constructing the artificial hydrophobic channels for various applications, such as the design of proppants to enhance the recovery of the unconventional oil/gas.

关键词： amphipathic Janus particle self-assembly uninterrupted hydrophobic channel water blockage

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The Conservation of Ground water Levels in the Peat Swamp Forest at Ayer Hitam North Forest Reserve, Muar in Johor, Malaysia

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Journal of water Resource and Protection 2021年第12期13卷 957-975页

作者： Siti Aisah Shamsuddin Mohd Azahari Faidi Hyrul Izwan Mohd Husin Mohamad Fakhri Ishak Ismail Parlan Habsah Marjuni Forestry & Environment Division Forest Research Institute Malaysia Kepong Selangor Malaysia Forest Biotechnology Division Forest Research Institute Malaysia Kepong Selangor Malaysia Director General Forest Research Institute Malaysia Kepong Selangor Malaysia Yayasan Kemanusiaan Muslim Aid Malaysia Menara Mutiara Bangsar Jalan Liku Off Jalan Riong Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

The management of peat swamp forests in Malaysia contends with two major issues: forest fires and the effects of abandoned forest-logging drainage systems or canals. Forest fire occurs during low rainfall season related to the local people activities. The drainage networks change the hydrological function of the intact forest ecosystem. A key function of the hydrological system in the undisturbed forest is to absorb water during rainfall season, thus delaying downstream runoff and preventing flash floods. The objective of the project described here is to restore the hydrological function of peat swamp forest (PSF) at Ayer Hitam North Forest Reserve (AHNFR) in Muar, Johor, Malaysia. The oil palm plantations, especially in the southern part of the area affect the forest reserve. water flows out of the forest reserve through the drainage system constructed for managing these plantations. In 2016 and 2017, two water block structures or check dams were constructed near the boundaries of the forest reserve to hold the water and raise the groundwater level in the forest reserve. The implementation of the check dams at the two locations has conserved the groundwater level and subsequently, about 1.2 million m3 of water was saved annually from leaving the forest reserve from each of the check dam. This project is also part of the Coca-Cola Company’s sustainability commitment for water strategy with the global that is to replenish 100% of the equivalent volume of water consumed in their products and production by 2020. Replenishment is the key sustainability commitment for the Company.

关键词： Hydrology Oil Palm Plantation water blockage Peat Swamp Forest Ground water Level Conservation

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