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Heterosis for water uptake by maize (Zea mays L.) roots under water deficit: responses at cellular, single-root and whole-root system levels

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第2期5卷 255-265页

作者： XiaoFang LIU SuiQi ZHANG Lun SHAN State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources Northwest A&F University Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

To examine the potential heterosis for water uptake by maize roots, the hydraulic properties of roots in the F1 hybrid （Hudan 4） were compared with those of its inbred parents （ 478 and Tian 4） at cellular, single-root and whole-root system levels under well-watered and water-deficit conditions. The cell hydraulic conductivity （Lpc） decreased under water deficit, but the Lpc of the F1 was higher than that of its inbred parents with or without stress from water deficit. Marked reductions in Lpc were observed following Hg2＋ treatment. The hydrostatic hydraulic conductivity of single roots （hydrostatic Lpsr） varied among genotypes under the two water treatments, with the highest in the F1 and the lowest in 478. Radial hydraulic conductivity （radial Lpsr） and axial hydraulic conductance （Lax） of the three genotypes varied similarly as Lpsr. The variations in hydraulic parameters were related to root anatomy. Radial Lpsr was negatively correlated with the ratio of cortex width to root diameter （R2=-0.77, P〈0.01）, whereas Lax was positively correlated with the diameter of the central xylem vessel （R2=0.75, P〈0.01） and the cross-sectional area of xylem vessels （R2=0.93, P〈0.01 ）. Hydraulic conductivity （Lpwr） and conductance （Lwr） of the whole-root system followed the same trend under the two water treatments, with the highest values in the F1. The results demonstrated that heterosis for water uptake by roots of the F1 occurred at cellular, single-root and whole-root system levels under well-watered and water-deficit conditions.

关键词： heterosis water uptake hydraulic conductivity water deficit maize

Seasonal patterns in water uptake for Medicago sativa grown along an elevation gradient with shallow groundwater table in Yanchi county of Ningxia,Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2016年第6期8卷 921-934页

作者： ZHU Lin ZHANG Huili GAO Xue QI Yashu XU Xing State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration of North-western China Ningxia University Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem of North-western China Ministry of EducationNingxia University Agricultural College Ningxia University

Lucerne （Medicago sativa L.） is a deep-rooted perennial leguminous forage with high evapo-transpiration rate exceeding the annual precipitation in semi-arid areas of Northwest China. Groundwater might be the potential water sources of lucerne in the area with shallow groundwater table. In this study, stable isotopic compositions of oxygen and hydrogen （6180 and 8D） of different water sources and xylem sap were analyzed to determine the seasonal （April, June, July and August） and topographic （three slope positions） variations in water sources for lucerne growing in Ningxia eastern semi-arid area adjacent to Mu Us Desert characterized by shallow groundwater table. IsoSource software was used to calculate the probable contribution of different water sources to the total plant water uptake. Stomatal conductance, stem water potential, carbon isotope discrimination （A13C） of whole plant were also determined for evaluating the water status of lucerne growing at different slope positions. The results showed that soil water content increased as the elevation decreased. Oxygen compositions of soil water in the 0-40 cm profile fluctuated considerably. Soil water 8180 values in deep profile （〉3.5 m） were similar to those in groundwater, implying the recharge of groundwater to this soil layer. Highest water utilization rate from deep soil profile （below 350 cm） was recorded for lucerne grown at the slope position 1 （groundwater table depth of 3.5-3.9 m） in April, June and July. The lucernes at slope position 2 （groundwater table depth of 5.8-6.4 m） and slope position 3 （groundwater table depth 7.1-8.3 m） mostly used water from deep soil layers （below 350 cm） during dry period, and turned to use water from superficial soil layer in wet period. Higher yield, A13C value of whole plant and stomatal conductance were observed for lucerne grown at the slope position 1 than those at other slope positions. These results indicated that groundwater is a significant water source for transpi

关键词： lucerne water uptake groundwater table oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions evapo-transpiration

Effective root depth and water uptake ability of winter wheat by using water stable isotopes in the Loess Plateau of China

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2016年第6期9卷 27-35页

作者： Wang Bing Zheng Lijian Ma Juanjuan Sun Xihuan Guo Xianghong Guo Fei College of water Resource Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Shanxi Conservancy Technical College Yuncheng 044004China

A field experiment using PVC growth tubes was conducted in the Loess Plateau of China to determine the effective root depth(ERD)of winter wheat and its relationship with root distributions and soil water *** water stable isotopes technique was used to estimate the water uptake contributions of different root depths during the growth *** the basis of IsoSource and the Romero-Saltos model,the ERD was 0-40 cm in the majority of the growth ***,in the heading and filling stages,the ERD could reach 60%-75%of the maximum root ***,the contributions to water uptake of different root depths were correlated with variations in soil water and root length density(r=0.395 and 0.368,respectively;pwater content did not always follow the same trend as water *** conclusions of this study can help with understanding winter wheat water uptake mechanisms in arid and semi-arid regions and increasing water use efficiency.

关键词： effective root depth water stable isotopes water uptake root distribution soil water content

Partitioning tree water usage into storage and transpiration in a mixed forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第4期8卷 961-973页

作者： Ziqiang Liu Qianqian Liu Zijun Wei Xinxiao Yu Guodong Jia Jiang Jiang Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Key Laboratory of Soil and water Conservation and Desertification Combating of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

Background:water migration and use are important processes in ***,it is possible to overestimate transpiration by equating the water absorbed through the plant roots to that diffused back to the atmosphere through stomatal ***,it is necessary to quantify the water transpired and stored in ***:The δ^(2)H/δ^(18)O technique and heat ratio method were used to explore the water usage of coniferous and broad-leaved tree species,including the proportions of water used for transpiration and water ***:Platycladus orientalis and Quercus variabilis had strong plasticity in their water usage from different *** orientalis primarily used groundwater(30.5%)and the 60-100-cm soil layer(21.6%)throughout the experimental period and was sensitive to precipitation,absorbing water from the 0-20-cm layer(26.6%)during the rainy *** variabilis absorbed water from all sources(15.7%-36.5%)except from the 40-60-cm soil layer during the dry *** addition,it did not change its water source but increased its groundwater uptake during the rainy *** annual mean water fluxes of *** and *** were 374.69 and 469.50 mm·year−1,with 93.49% and 93.91% of the water used for transpiration,***,nocturnal sap flow in *** and *** was mainly used for water storage in the trunk rather than transpiration,which effectively alleviated drought stress and facilitated the transport of ***:The water stored in both species comprised 6%-7% of the total water fluxes and,therefore,should be considered in water balance models.

关键词： water migration water uptake Nocturnal sap flow Transpiration

Non-rainfall water sources in the topsoil and their changes during formation of man-made algal crusts at the eastern edge of Qubqi Desert,Inner Mongolia

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第9期53卷 1135-1141页

作者： LAN ShuBin HU ChunXiang RAO BenQiang WU Li ZHANG DeLu LIU YongDing State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China

In arid and semiarid areas,water uptake (non-rainfall water) serves as an important water source for plants,biological soil crusts,insects and small *** this study,a measurement program was undertaken to investigate water uptake and its changes during formation of man-made algal crusts in the Qubqi *** the study region,water uptake from the atmosphere accounted for 25.07%-39.83% of the total water uptake,and was mainly taken up by a water vapor adsorption mechanism;the proportion of water uptake from the soil substrate was much higher (60.17%-74.93%).The formation of crusts promoted water uptake,but the increased uptake did not occur immediately after inoculation or crusts *** water taken up from the atmosphere increased significantly from day 15 after inoculation,and the soil water content was markedly enhanced from day 20 after *** is considered that the growth of algal filaments and their secretions were the main factors increasing the amount of water uptake and water content in the crusts,and these variables increased even during dry periods when some algae are likely to have died.

关键词： desert algae biological soil crusts water uptake upper soil layer

Microbial-inspired self-healing of concrete cracks by sodium silicate-coated recycled concrete aggregates served as bacterial carrier

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 14-29页

作者： Jing XU Xianzhi WANG Wu YAO Anna A.KULMINSKAYA Surendra P.SHAH Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials(Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 201804China Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Centre Kurchatov InstituteGatchina 188300Russia Center for Advanced Construction Materials University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTX 76019USA

Microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)is a promising technique for the autonomous healing of concrete *** this study,the effect of pH on MICP was *** results indicate that the MICP process was inhibited when the pH was higher than *** vaterite and calcite were produced when the pH was*** concrete aggregates(RCA)coated with sodium silicate have been proposed as protective carriers for microbial healing *** the presence of the coated RCA resulted in a loss of the splitting tension strength of the concrete,the loaded healing agents were highly efficient in self-healing *** incorporated with 20%RCA loaded with healing agents exhibited the best self-healing *** the initial crack widths were between 0.3 and 0.4 mm,the 7-d mean healing rate was approximately 90%.At 28 d,the crack area filling ratio was 86.4%,while its water tightness recovery ratio was 74.4%and 29.8%,respectively,for rapid and slow *** study suggests that RCA coated with sodium silicate is an effective method for packaging microbial healing agents and has great potential for developing cost-effective self-healing concrete.

关键词： self-healing microbial-induced carbonate precipitation water uptake recycled concrete aggregate protective carrier

Soil Temperature and Maize Nitrogen uptake Improvement Under Partial Root-Zone Drying Irrigation

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Pedosphere 2016年第6期26卷 872-886页

作者： Fatemeh KARANDISH Ali SHAHNAZARI Assistant Professor Water Engineering DepartmentUniversity of ZabolZabol 35856-98613(Iran) water Engineering Department Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources UniversitySari 378(Iran)

Soil temperature is a major effective factor on the soil and plant biological *** can affect soil temperature and thereby induces a temperature effect on plant growth,which may result in an economic increase due to higher yield and plant nutrition.A ?eld experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of three irrigation strategies including full irrigation(FI),partial root-zone drying(PRD) and de?cit irrigation(DI) on soil temperature and the consequent results on the grain yield and N uptake of maize(Zea May L.).Soil temperature was measured by time domain re?ectometry(TDR) sensors during the 2010 growing *** treatments were applied from 55 to 107 d after *** PRD treatment caused soil temperature to be in a favorable domain for a longer period(for over 60% of the measuring dates) as a consequent result of water movement to deeper soil layers compared with the other treatments;the PRD treatment also reduced soil temperature at deeper soil depths to below the maximum favorable soil temperature for maize root growth,which resulted in deeper root penetration due to both water availability and favorable soil *** to the FI treatment,the PRD treatment increased root water uptake by 50% and caused no signi?cant reduction in total N uptake,while this was not observed in the DI treatment partially due to the negative temperature effect of DI on plant growth,which consequently affected the water and nutrient uptake.A longer vegetation period in the PRD treatment was observed due to higher leaf N concentrations and no signi?cant reduction in maize grain yield occurred in the PRD treatment,compared with those in the FI *** on the results,having 15.2% water saving during the whole growing season,the PRD irrigation would positively affect soil temperature and the water and nutrient uptake as a consequent,which thereby would prevent signi?cant reduction in maize grain yield.

关键词： full irrigation deficit irrigation grain yield irrigation strategy leaf N concentration root growth water saving water uptake

Effect of seed priming with different concentrations of potassium nitrate on the pattern of seed imbibition and germination of rice(Oryza sativa L.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第3期16卷 605-613页

作者： Anisa Ruttanaruangboworn Wanchai Chanprasert Pitipong Tobunluepop Damrongvudhi Onwimol Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand

Low germination and vigor of rice seed associated with dry-seed broadcasting are common problems encountered by rice *** objectives of this study were to evaluate the role of potassium nitrate（KNO3）on the pattern of seed imbibition and to determine the effect of seed priming with KNO3 on the germination percentage,speed and uniformity of germination in rice *** 1 compared the patterns of seed imbibition of six concentrations of KNO3（0,0.25,0.50,1.00,1.50,and 2.00%）in two rice cultivars-KDML105 and *** results showed that soaking rice seed in KNO3 at higher concentrations could delay the imbibition *** higher concentrations of KNO3 delayed the imbibition time of rice seed and took a longer time to reach the end of phases 1 and 2 compared to the lower *** patterns of seed imbibition using distilled water of both rice cultivars（KDML105 and RD15）were quite similar,but with different concentrations of KNO3,the imbibition time taken to reach the end of phases 1 and 2 was slightly postponed in KDML105 suggesting that different rice cultivars may need different imbibition times for soaking seed in the priming *** 2 evaluated the effects of seed priming with 1.0 and 2.0%KNO3 at different imbibition *** was found that priming with 1.0%KNO3 showed better seed germination than priming with 2.0%KNO3 and seed priming with 1.0%KNO3 at the imbibition time of early phase 2（or 28 h for KDML105）improved seed germination and increased both the speed and uniformity of seed *** results of this study show promise for the use of priming with 1.0%KNO3 soaked until early phase 2 of seed imbibition for improving the seed germination and vigor of rice in dry seed broadcasting.

关键词： rice water uptake seed priming KNO3 solution germination percentage speed of germination uniformity of germination

Changes in Root Hydraulic Conductivity During Wheat Evolution

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2005年第3期47卷 302-310页

作者： Chang-XingZHAO Xi-PingDENG LunSHAN ErnstSTEUDLE Sui-QiZHANG QingYE StateKeyLaboratoryofSoilErosionandDrylandFarmingonLoessPlateau InstituteofSoilandWaterConservationtheChineseAcademyofSciencesandMinistryofWaterResourcesYangling712100China LehrstuhlPflanzenoekologie UniversitatBayreuthBayreuthD-95440Germany

Abstract: A better understanding of the mechanisms of water uptake by plant roots should be vital for improving drought resistance and water use efficiency (WUE). In the present study, we have demonstrated correlations between root system hydraulic conductivity and root characteristics during evolution using six wheat evolution genotypes (solution culture) with different ploidy chromosome sets (Triticum boeoticum Bioss., T. monococcum L.: 2n=2x=14; T. dicoccides Koern., T. dicoccon (Schrank) Schuebl.: 2n = 4x = 28; T. vulgare Vill., T. aestivum L. cv. Xiaoyan No. 6: 2n = 6x = 42). The experimental results showed that significant correlations were found between root system hydraulic conductivity and root characteristics of the materials with the increase in ploidy chromosomes (2x→6x) during wheat evolution. Hydraulic conductivity of the wheat root system at the whole-plant level was increased with chromosome ploidy during evolution, which was positively correlated with hydraulic conductivity of single roots, whole plant biomass, root average diameter, and root growth (length, area), whereas the root/shoot ratio had an inverse correlation with the hydraulic conductivity of root system with increasing chromosome ploidy during wheat evolution. Therefore, it is concluded that that the water uptake ability of wheat roots was strengthened from wild to modern cultivated species during evolution, which will provide scientific evidence for genetic breeding to improve the WUE of wheat by genetic engineering.

关键词： chromosome ploidy drought resistance hydraulic conductivity root system water uptake water use efficiency wheat evolution