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International Soil and water Conservation Research 2017年第4期5卷 265-272页

作者： Abdolmotalleb Rezaei Morteza Salmani Fatemeh Razaghi Mojtaba Keshavarz Department of Agricultural Extension and Education College of Agricultural Economics and DevelopmentUniversity of TehranKarajIran

This paper investigates the effect of factors on Farmers Adaptation Behavior in water scarcity Conditions in Rural Communities of Sabzevar,Iran.A survey questionnaire was used for collecting data,the study population was 120 farmers in rural Sabzevar County selected based on the Cochran formula.A questionnaire was designed for the target group for the measurement of on farm adaptation behavior in water scarcity *** models were drawn using structural equation modeling and the relationships between latent variables and *** findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between awareness and adaptation ***,there is a significant relationship among network and media on farmer's perception about water scarcity and their activities toward better management of water in the critical *** are also significant relationships among perception and awareness with intention however,intention do not effect on adaptation behavior *** other words,even the that means farmers had information about crisis,they are not able to have not operational plans to confront the water scarcity conditions.

关键词： Farmers adaptation behavior water scarcity Rural communities Iran

Incremental adaptation strategies for agricultural water management under water scarcity condition in Northeast Iran

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Regional Sustainability 2021年第3期2卷 224-238页

作者： Morteza SALMANI SABZEVAR Amirreza REZAEI Bagher KHALEGHI Department of Agricultural Extension and Education College of Agricultural Economics and DevelopmentUniversity of TehranKaraj***Iran Department of Forestry and Forest Economics University of TehranKaraj***Iran

Population growth and climate changes as two synergistic phenomena have damaged water resources nationwide and *** water resources available for agriculture is one of the most critical limiting factors in food production enhancement in *** must tackle the challenge of supplying the increasing demands for food due to population *** this purpose,we must get acquainted with how farmers make decisions and their adaptations to water scarcity conditions by studying their adaptation *** this case,we can predict the farmers’behaviors by recognizing the optimal adaptation strategies under water scarcity *** study aims to provide a model to examine and analyze the farmers’behaviors in the realm of water scarcity and the contributing factors to it,facilitating a better understanding of the potential implications of such scarcity,introducing the adaptation changeability procedures for agricultural water management and assistance to farmers to adapt,and developing the actions for mitigating the vulnerability of agriculture sector in *** this study,175 farmers in Northeast Iran were interviewed to conduct an applied research by questionnaire *** research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire designed based on the theoretical literature and designed *** to the research,the model of incremental adaptation strategies could determine the effects of a set of psychological and socioeconomic factors and the formation of adaptation decisions in water resources management under water scarcity *** results indicated that the concern and attitude,farmers’knowledge and technical skill,self-efficiency and risk-taking level,social capital and information availability for farmers,and the internal norm are significantly and positively correlated in this *** results provide a proper understanding of farmers’sustainable decision-making and a perspective on contributing factors to the strategy framework and im

关键词： Agricultural water management Incremental adaptation strategies water scarcity Climate change Northeast Iran

water scarcity and Violent Conflict in International Relations＇ How Process Tracing Contributes to Demystify this Alleged Causal Relationship The Rio Grande-Colorado Case

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International Relations and Diplomacy 2016年第2期4卷 125-138页

作者： Douglas de Castro The Sao Paulo School of Law-FGV Sao Paulo Brazil

In the last few decades, water scarcity and its implications to economic, social and political dimensions has become a hot topic, especially for research agendas that try to establish a causal relationship with violent conflicts. However, these agendas fail to deliver their promises in not providing empirical evidences to confirm theory. In this sense, the present paper provides a fresh look to water scarcity implications, presenting a theoretical framework and new causal mechanism based on complex interdependence theory applied to the physical reality in an international basin. As such, the inferred causal mechanism, its parts and causal direction is investigated applying process-tracing technique to the Rio Grande-Colorado River. The paper finds by tracing the causal mechanism evidences to confirm new theory and enough analytical power to test in other cases to increase confidence in theory to fulfill generalization requirement.

关键词： water scarcity violent conflict cooperation process tracing international basins

water scarcity in Conakry, Guinea: Challenges and Proposed Strategies for a Way Forward

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Journal of water Resource and Protection 2024年第4期16卷 264-280页

作者： Bernard Lassimo Diawara Gerald D. S. Quoie Jr Zhuo Li Justin Junior Loua College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development Tongji University Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Tongji University Shanghai China Business School Sichuan University Chengdu China

The capital of Guinea, Conakry, faces a notable difficulty due to a water shortage, which is worsened by the rapid increase in population and urban development. The Guinean water Company (SEG) faces challenges in supplying water to the entire city due to its limited area of approximately 420 km2 and a population of 2 million. Moreover, the population growth rate is anticipated to increase dramatically, exacerbating the difficulty of fulfilling future water requirements. As a result, this study employs data from the Knoema website and the Institute of National Statistics of Guinea (INS) to examine the water production and distribution process by the SEG. The study examines the challenges related to water scarcity in Conakry and suggests strategies to assist the city in managing the present circumstances and planning for the future. The primary objective is to get a long-lasting water supply and uphold water quality to advance public health.

关键词： water scarcity Conakry Population Growth SDGs SEG

Exploring the Cornerstone Factors That Cause water scarcity in Some Parts of Africa, Possible Adaptation Strategies and Quest for Food Security

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第6期12卷 700-712页

作者： Sharmaarke Abdi Musse School of Natural and Applied Science University of Hargeisa Hargeisa Somaliland

water scarcity is significantly increasing water stress in Africa and some parts of the world. This is due to human-induced factors such as climate change, human population increase that raises demand for food availability, and put great changes on land use which results in changes of hydrological mechanics and water availability as a whole. The investigation of this paper was based on a literature review and the examination of water scarcity in different African regions, and the major factors that result in this menace. Some possible strategies that can be employed to manage water scarcity at the domestic and national levels in the agricultural sector were described in this paper.

关键词： Agriculture Africa Food Security water Management water scarcity

The Impact of water scarcity on Food Security in Iraq

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2023年第9期17卷 441-456页

作者： Varoujan K.Sissakian Nadhir Al-Ansari Nasrat Adamo Jan Laue Komar University of Science and Technology Sulaymaniyah 46004Iraq Lulea University of Technology Lulea 97187Sweden Sågaregränd 3 Norrköping 60358Sweden

Iraq is part of the Fertile Crescent with the two large rivers:Tigris and Euphrates and their tributaries that secure the required quantity and quality of water to the Iraqi population for their different uses;including agriculture,industry,and other domestic *** the last decades,however,the quantity and quality of water in these rivers decreased causing water scarcity in the *** scarcity is having severe impacts on food security in Iraq since large cultivated areas in different parts of the country that grow different agricultural products have been abandoned due to lack of *** worsening situation is attributed mainly to global climate changes including decreasing rainfall amounts,increase in air temperature,and insufficient water inflows in the two main rivers and their *** last issue is exasperated by the unfair water sharing policies of the riparian countries namely Turkey and *** writing this article relevant data from different sources were *** published reports and papers dealing with this important issue were consulted,while at the same time,the long experience of the authors in these very important issues was also drawn upon to elucidate the difficulties that are current today and those expected in the future in this field.

关键词： water scarcity food security agricultural yield global change dry marshes fertile crescent.

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Green Total-factor water-use Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors in China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2021年第5期31卷 795-814页

作者： MA Dalai ZHANG Fengtai GAO Lei YANG Guangming YANG Qing AN Youzhi School of Management Chongqing University of TechnologyChongqing 4QQQ54China CSIRO Waite CampusUrrbraeSA 5064Australia

In this study,we developed an evaluation index system for green total-factor water-use efficiency(GTFWUE)which reflected both economic and green efficiencies of water resource *** we measured the GTFWUE of 30 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions(hereafter provinces)in China(not including Tibet,Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan as no data)from 2000 to 2018 using a minimum distance to the strong frontier model that contained an undesirable *** further analyzed the regional differences and spatial correlations of GTFWUE using these values based on Global and Local Moran’s I statistics,and empirically determined the factors affecting GTFWUE using a spatial econometric *** evaluation results revealed that the GTFWUE differed substantially between the *** provinces with high and low GTFWUE values were located in the coastal and inland areas of China,*** eastern region had a significantly higher GTFWUE than the central and western *** GTFWUEs for all three regions(eastern,central,and western regions)decreased slowly from 2000 to 2011(except 2005),remained stable from 2012 to 2016,and rapidly increased in 2017 before decreasing again in *** found significant spatial correlations between the provincial *** GTFWUE for most provinces belonged to the high-high or low-low cluster region,revealing a significant spatial clustering effect of provincial *** also found that China’s GTFWUE was highly promoted by economic growth,population size,opening-up level,and urbanization level,and was evidently hindered by water endowment,technological progress,and government ***,the water-use structure had little impact on *** study fully demonstrated that the water use mode would be improved,and water resources needed to be used more efficiently and green in ***,based on the findings of this study,several policy recommendations were proposed from the aspects of cross-regional cooperation,econo

关键词： green total-factor water-use efficiency(GTFWUE) spatiotemporal dynamics water scarcity influencing factors spatial econometric model

National water use of coal-fired power generation:Hybrid life cycle assessment in China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第5期15卷 948-962页

作者： Jja-Hai YUAN Ke-Xin PENG Hui-Ming XU Chang-Hong ZHAO Hao-Nan ZHANG School of Economics and Management North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Bejing Key Laboratoryof New Energy and Low Carbon Development(North China Electric PowerUniversiy) Bejing 102206China State Grid Digital Technology Holding Co. Ltd.(State Gri Xiongan Financial Technology Group Co.Ld.)Beijing 100053China Deparment of Economic Management North China Electric Power University(Baoding)Baoding 07io03China

Previous studies of water use for coal-fired power generation may have overlooked inter-sectoral impacts in the supply ***,to devise effective water conservation strategies during the ongoing energy transition,it is of utmost importance to analyze the sectoral water use structures and flows in the supply chain and identify the sources of water ***,based on the power sector-split environmentally extended input-output(EEIO)model and the life cycle assessment(LCA)idea,we comprehensively analyze the nexus between coal-fired power generation and water use from a sectoral *** findings reveal a complex and diverse water use structure in coal-fired power *** technology of production inherently determines the high intensity of water withdrawal,and the close intersectoral linkages,particularly with agriculture,construction,and some industrial sectors,in the production process result in an intricate web of indirect water withdrawal and blue water footprint(WF).Moreover,the grey WF,primarily sourced from coal mining and indirectly tied to tertiary industries,underscores critical areas for attention in water pollution ***,water use in the coal-fired power sector is projected to remain at elevated levels in the short to medium term under various transition *** an in-depth exploration of the coal-fired power-water use nexus,the findings can offer new perspectives and specific entry points for sustainable energy development and water resource management.

关键词： Coal-fired power sector water footprint water withdrawal Hybrid life cycle assessment water scarcity Structural path analysis

Improved drought tolerance in Festuca ovina *** plant growth promoting bacteria

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Journal of Arid Land 2023年第6期15卷 740-755页

作者： Fateme RIGI Morteza SABERI Mahdieh EBRAHIMI Department of Range and watershed Management Faculty of Water and SoilUniversity of ZabolZabol ***Iran

Numerous ecological factors influence a plant’s ability to live and grow,in which dryness is a substantial constraint on plant growth in arid and semi-arid *** response to a specific environmental stress,plants can use the most effective bacteria to support and facilitate their growth and ***,plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)is widely used to reduce drought stress on plant *** this study,the effects of drought on Festuca ovina ***,growth,and nutrient absorption were investigated using PGPR in a factorial test with a completely random design under four water *** water content was kept at 100%FC(field capacity),70%FC(FC),50%FC,and 30%*** treatments were inoculated with Azotobacter vinelandii,Pantoea agglomerans+Pseudomonas putida,and a mixture of *** showed that the effects of drought stress were significantly reduced(Pwater-stress rangelands.

关键词： bio-fertilizers element uptake drought stress rangeland water scarcity

Modeling and simulation of industrial water demand of Beijing municipality in China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2010年第1期4卷 91-101页

作者： Shouke WEI Alin LEI Shafi Noor ISLAM Department of Ecosystem and Environmental Informatics Brandenburg University of Technology03046 CottbusGermany The Changjiang water Resources Protection Institute Wuhan 430051China

Statistic and econometric regression models were established in this study to analyze and predict industrial water demand,water deficits,and their future uncertainty in Beijing—a Chinese city with a severe water stress problem.A forecasting model was selected based on a modeling evaluation by comparing predictions with *** scenarios were designed to simulate and analyze the future uncertainty of industrial water demand and the water deficit of *** modeling results for industrial water demand suggested that Beijing industry would face a water deficit between 3.06×10^(8)m^(3)in 2008 and 2.77×10^(8)m^(3)in 2015,though its industrial water demand would decrease from 6.31×10^(8)m^(3)to 4.84×10^(8)m^(3)during this period of *** from simulated scenario illustrated that,due to the extreme water scarcity situation,industry in Beijing would still face a serious water deficit problem even with a very optimistic scenario for the future.

关键词： water scarcity water demand water deficit modeling industry scenario Beijing