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Resilience indicators support valuation of estuarine ecosystem restoration under climate change

Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第4期3卷 15-33页

作者： L.A.Wainger D.H.Secor C.Gurbisz W.M.Kemp P.M.Glibert E.D.Houde J.Richkus M.C.Barber Chesapeake Biological Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceP.O.Box 38SolomonsMaryland 20688 USA Horn Point Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceP.O.Box 775CambridgeMaryland 21613 USA National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center 1 Park PlaceSuite 300AnnapolisMD 21401 USA RTI International 70113th St.NWSuite 750WashingtonD.C.20005 USA

Economic valuation of ecological restoration most often encompasses only the most tangible ecosystem service benefits,thereby omitting many difficult-to measure benefits,including those derived from enhanced reliability of ecosystem *** climate change is likely to impose novel ecosystem stressors,a typical approach to valuing benefits may fail to capture the contribution of ecosystem resilience to sustaining long-term ***,we generally lack predictive probabilistic models that would enable measurement and valuation of ***,alternative measures are needed to complement monetary values and broaden understanding of restoration *** use a case study of Chesapeake Bay restoration(total maximum daily load)to show that ecosystem service benefits that are typically monetized leave critical information *** address these gaps,we review evidence for ecosystem services that can be quantified or described,including changes in harmful algal bloom *** further propose two integrative indicators of estuarine resilience-the extent of submerged aquatic vegetation and spatial distribution of *** aquatic vegetation extent is indicative of qualities of ecosystems that promote positive feedbacks to water *** distributed fish populations reduce risk by promoting diverse responses to spatially heterogeneous *** synthesis and new analyses for the Chesapeake Bay suggest that resilience metrics improve understanding of restoration benefits by demonstrating how nutrient and sediment load reductions will alleviate multiple sources of stress,thereby enhancing the system’s capacity to absorb or adapt to extreme events or novel stresses.

关键词： benefit-relevant indicators climate change economic valuation ecosystem services non-monetary benefit indicators resilience total maximum daily load water quality.

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Phosphorus availability in two soils amended with poultry litter

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1996年第4期8卷 483-490页

作者： Han Xingguo (Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China)Duane C.Wolf (Department of Agronomy,University of Arkansas,Fayetteville, AR 72701,USA) Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Department of Agronomy University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 United States

Understanding P transformation in soils amended with poultry litter is important if water quality.is to be *** objectives were to determine the influence of method of litter application and temperature on P availability. Poultry litter containing 20. 8g P/kg (dry weight) was either surface-applied or incorporated into Captina (fine-silty, siliceous, mesic Typic Fragiudult) and Nixa (loamy-skeletal,siliceous,Glossic Fragiudult) silt loams at rates of 0 or 10g/kg and incubated at 20℃ or 35℃ at a water potential of -40 kpa. water soluble and available P (0.03 mol/L NH4F+0. 025mol/L HCl extraction) were determined during a 60d laboratory study. Results indicated that water soluble and available P levels in the soils initially decreased, then rapidly increased,and approached a steady state phase after approximately 20d. After 60d, water soluble P levels were significantly higher when litter was surface applied than when litter was incor porated. When the incubation was terminated, the net increase in available P in both soils was>100 mg P/*** efficient recycling of P and protection of water quality. application method and temperature should be considered when amending soils with poultry litter,

关键词： nutrient cycling phosphorus availability poultry litter water quality.

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Plug-flow/dispersion model of longitudinal dispersion

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1993年第1期5卷 68-75页

作者： Zhou KezhaoSouthwest Municipal Engineering Design Institute of China, Chengdu 610081, China Southwest Municipal Engrg Design Inst of China Chengdu 610081 China China

A modified Fickian plug-flow/dispersion model (P/D model) is developed in this study. In P/D model, the flow process is divided into two belts, plug flow belt and dispersion belt. P/D model is very similar to Fickian model and rather perfect. The prediction by P/D model can be always consistent with experimental data in river, flume, and pond, even though the data are much skew. Therefore, P/D model is better than Fickian model and other dispersion models.

关键词： plug-now/dispersion model dispersion model Fickian model longitudinal dispersion water quality.

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The Changes of water quality.in Space and Time in the Mekong River, Bassac River and Adjacent waterways

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Journal of Life Sciences 2014年第6期8卷 481-488页

作者： Luu Duc Dien Ma Tu Lan Nguyen Dinh Hung Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 2 116 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street District 1 Hochiminh City 70000 Vietnam

Catfish （Pangasianodon hypophthalmus） farming along Mekong river and Bassac river depends heavily on water quality.of the two rivers, whereas water quality.of these rivers are affected by the waste of aquaculture activities, agricultural production, industrial and municipal waste. This report analyzes the monitoring data on Mekong river, Bassac river and adjacent waterways in the period of 2011-2012, focusing on parameters of organic pollution to assess the current quality.of these two rivers. Based on the results, the water quality.in the river-head was generally better than in the middle and at the end of the river, and the quality.of water of the Mekong river was better than Bassac river. In terms of time, water quality.in July was considered the best in all the basins. At adjacent natural rivers and canals, ammonia levels increased and exceeded the Vietnamese standard in April, and BOD values were also much higher compared to two major rivers. The results of the model also showed that the levels of pollution index of the Mekong and Bassac river were very low （1.33 and 1.47）, and the values （Y） in the canals were higher （1.63-1.67） but still in permitted level. Therefore, the water quality.of the Mekong and Bassac river in the period 2011-2012 was generally still quite good.

关键词： Bassac river catfish Mekong river model water quality.

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Relationship Population Density of Aquatic Sediment Macrozoobenthos to River water quality.Parameters： Case Study of Upstream Citarum River in Bandung Regency

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2016年第3期5卷 117-125页

作者： Barti Setiani Muntalif Nurul Chasanah Mohammad Faiz Faza Departement of Environmental Engineering Institute Technology Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia Environmental Engineering Program Post-Graduate Academy Institute Technology Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia

The increase in anthropogenic activities occur along the upstream of Citarum River Basin （CRB） in Bandung regency had a negative impact to the water quality.caused by the presence of human activity, it will be able to be a disruption to the ecosystem aquatic. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of the physical and chemical parameters of water and sediment to the presence of macrozoobenthos populations. Based on the result of Pearson Correlation Analysis （PCA）, the parameters of COD, TOC and silt composition were the highest correlation to the macrozoobenthos population density, the value were 0.966, 0.865 and 0.576. Although PCA analysis is used to determine the relationship between the parameters of water, sediment and sediment particle distribution, the result showed that the water parameters were the mayor component affected the density of macrozoobenthos. While based on the composition of sediment, it is found that substrate as silt, clay and gravel and phosphate parameter affected the density of macrozoobenthos. The measurement of water quality.also were calculated by Biotic Monitoring Working Party-Average Score Per Taxon （BMWP-ASPT） index showed that the quality.were polluted condition, although by Pollution Index （IP） method showed as a light polluted category.

关键词： Citarum upstream correlation sediment macrozoobenthos water quality.

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Survey on Gamasyab River water quality.in Nahavand Township, Iran

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 2011年第4期5卷 495-501页

作者： M. Reyahi Khoram M. Nafea Department of the Environment Faculty of the Basic Knowledge Islamic Azad University-Hamadan Branch P.O. Box 734 Hamadan lran Department of the Environment in Hamadan Province P.O. Box 348 Hamadan lran

Gamasyab River, which is the biggest river of Hamadan Province, is sourced from Karstic Springs in Nahavand Township Southern Mountainous Region and supplies a major part of water needs of the region. In this research seasonal variation of water quality.and also the degree of pollution related to Gamasyab River water have been assessed. First the general status of the river was studied and four sampling stations were determined. In this research, the quality.of river water including Dissolved Oxygen （DO）, five days Biochemical Oxygen Demand （BOD）5, Chemical Oxygen Demand （COD）, Nitrate, phosphate, temperature, Total Hardness（TH）, Total Suspended Solid （TSS）, Total Dissolved Solid （TDS） and PH have been determined and assessed on a monthly basis within a five years period. The results were reported as seasonally and presented using statistical tables and graphs. These results showed that Nitrate concentration in Gamasyab River is strongly depending on distance from Gamasyab spring. By increasing the distance from Gamasyab spring, nitrate concentration increased. The amount of DO in the river water is stable in each station within the year. Air temperature changes have had no effect in the amount of DO. Therefore, it is recommended that the river pollution control plans be implemented more serious than before, non point source pollution related to agricultural activities be managed and prevent from pouring untreated rural wastewaters to the mentioned river.

关键词： Environment Gamasyab river water pollution water quality.

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A new model for the grid size optimization of the finite element method——Based on its application to the water quality.modeling of the topographically complicated river

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2003年第12期 40-46页

作者： ZENG Guangming*, SU Xiaokang, HUANG Guohe and XIE Gengxin(Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China)

The finite element method is one of the typical methods that are used for numerical water quality.modeling of the topographically complicated river. In this paper, based on the principle of probability theory the probability density of pollutants is introduced. A new model for the grid size optimization based on the finite element method is developed with the incorporation of the maximum information entropy theory when the length of the grid is given. Combined with the experiential evaluation approach of the flow discharge per unit river width, this model can be used to determine the grid size of the finite element method applied to water quality.modeling of the topographically complicated river when the velocity field of the river is not given. The calculating results of the application of the model to an ideal river testified the correctness of the model. In a practical case—the application of the model to the Xingjian River (the Hengyang section of the Xiangjiang River), the optimized width of the grid of the finite element method was gained and the influence of parameters was studied, which demonstrated that the model reflected the real situation of the pollutants in the river, and that the model had many excellent characteristics such as stabilization, credibility and high applicability in practical applications.

关键词： finite element method probability density grid maximum information entropy water quality.

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Some Problems of Irrigation water Management in Lower Cheliff Plain （Algeria）

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2012年第3期1卷 271-278页

作者： Abdelhamid BradaI Abdelkader Douaoui Tarik Hartani water and Environment Laboratory Agricultural Sciences Institute Chlef University Chief02000 Algeria Agricultural Production and Durable Safeguarding of the Natural Resource Laboratory Earth Sciences Institute Khemis MilianaUniversity Khemis Miliana 44225 Algeria National School of Agronomic Sciences （ENSA） El Herrach 16200 Algiers Algeria

In the Lower Cheliff Plain （northwestern of Algeria）, the waters resources are limited; the adoption of a rational approach in the management of irrigation water in the irrigated perimeter poses an inequality.in the balance between supply and demand. The two surface water resources, Gargar and Merdjet Sidi Abed dams, do not satisfy the requirements of agriculture water. According to the National Office of the Irrigation and Drainage data, the quantity of allocated water is never distributed; the difference between allocated water and drop water can also exceed 20%, and then, another problem of management is that the water losses in the distribution can reach 20% again. The shortage irrigation water resource allocated has constrained the farmers to use groundwater. The chemical analysis of 56 simples to this water showed a significant chemical diversity in the compositions. There is a high salinity risk （C3 class） or very high risk （C4 class） of soil salinisation. A space chart distribution to the EC water probability to exceed 2.25 dS/m interpolated by the indicator kriging method showed that 78% of the groundwater surface presents a significant probability to exceed this limit. The average value of the SAR （sodium adsorption ratio） is lower than 10 that indicates a moderate risk of sodisation. This observation is in contradiction with the high values of the SAR measured in the soil solution. The approach of residual alkalinity （RSC） shows that a good number of drillings analyzed presents a positive sign RSC （RSC 〉 0）. This water presents a real danger of sodisation. They have a low salinity, which, for a farmer, does not present any danger.

关键词： Management water irrigation groundwater water quality.

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Stochastic Modeling for Coliform Count Assessment in Ground water

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Journal of Statistical Science and Application 2017年第2期5卷 64-79页

作者： A. Udaya M. Kumaran P.V.Pushpaja Department of Statistics Nehru Arts and Science College KanhangadKasaragod Kerala India

Stochastic models are derived to estimate the level of coliform count in terms of MPN index, one of the most important water quality.characteristic in ground water based on a set of water source location and soil characteristics. The study is based on about twenty location and soil characteristics, majority of them are observed through laboratory analysis of soil and water samples collected from nearly thee hundred locations of drinking water sources, wells and bore wells selected at random from the district of Kasaragod. The water contamination in wells are found to be relatively more as compared to bore wells. The study reveals that only 7 % of the wells and 40 o~ of the bore wells of the district are within the permissible limit of WHO standard of drinking water quality. The level of contamination is very high in the hospital premises and is very low in the forest area. Two separate multiple ordinal logistic regression models are developed to predict the level of coliform count, one for well and the other for bore well. The significant feature of this study is that in addition to scientifically proving the dependence of the water quality.on the distances from waste disposal area and septic tanks etc., it highlights the dependence of two other very significant soil characteristics, the soil organic carbon and soil porosity. The models enable to predict the quality.of water in a location based on the set of soil and location characteristics. One of the important uses of the model is in fixing safe locations for waste dump area, septic tank, digging well etc. in town planning, designing residential layouts, industrial layouts, hospital/hostel construction etc. This is the first ever study to describe the ground water quality.in terms of the location and soil characteristics.

关键词： Generalized linear model Logistic regression model Ordinal logistic regression model Coliform count MPN index Prediction Stochastic model water quality.

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Ecological Research of Former Brown-coal Quarry-the Most Lake in the Czech Republic

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Journal of Life Sciences 2014年第10期8卷 841-847页

作者： Martin Neruda Ladislava Filipova Jana Rihova Ambrozova Iva Machova Karel Kubat Michal Holec DianaHolcova Faculty of Environment University of J. E. Purkyne Kralova vysina 7 Usti nad Labem 400 96 Czech Republic

The presented article discusses the results of survey of the Most lake, which was created within hydric recultivation of the site of the former brown-coal mine Most Lezaky in northern Bohemia in the Czech Republic. The survey discovered plants which belong to ruderal, wetland, halophilic and xerothermal species based on their life strategy. The discovered endangered species include Carex secalina, Schoenoplectus tabaernemontani, Salsola call subsp. Rosacea and Tetragonolobus maritimus. A total of 350 species of vascular plants were discovered in the study area. During the monitoring, a total of 146 bird species were discovered. The monitored location can be currently considered as a significant gathering place namely for aquatic and wetland bird species during the winter period and the migration period （e.g., Tachybaptus ruficollis, Podiceps cristatus, Anser anser, Anas platyrhynchos, Anas strepera, Fulica atra and various species of Larus sp.） and as a significant area of occurrence of relatively rare species bound to anthropogenetically disturbed areas of mining and post-mining landscape （e.g., Anthus campestris, Anthus pratensis, Motacillaflava, Oenanthe oenanthe, Saxicola rubetra and Saxicola torquata）. Within the monitoring of the water quality. the saprobic index values （S） ranged in 2013 between 1.62 and 1.92.

关键词： Lake ecosystem mine flooding plankton water quality.

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