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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 45-52页

作者： Le-Le Zhang Lei Tong Yanwei Ding Wanqun Zhang Hai-Wei Liang Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China

Hierarchically porous carbons(HPCs)with multimodal pores have attracted considerable attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties and various application potentials in heterogeneous catalysis,environmental treatment,and energy storage and conversion.Herein,we report a general and simple zinc salts-assisted method for the synthesis of HPCs with varied porosity and chemical func-tionalities by the direct carbonization of diverse biomass and wastes.During the carbonization,zinc salts are thermally decomposed into nanoparticles that serve as in-situ templates to introduce nanopores in carbons.The prepared HPCs exhibit high specific surface areas(up to 2432 m2 g-1),large pore volumes(up to 4.30 cm^(3)g^(-1)),and broad pore size distributions.Moreover,the zinc salts can be recovered and recycled,supporting the sustainable production of HPCs on large scale.The prepared HPCs-supported catalysts with atomically dispersed metal sites exhibit promising electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction.

关键词： Hierarchical porous carbon Zinc salts Biomass wastes Electrocatalysis

Review on fate of chlorine during thermal processing of solid wastes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第4期31卷 13-28页

作者： Peng Lu Qunxing Huang A.C.(Thanos) Bourtsalas Nickolas J.Themelis Yong Chi Jianhua Yan State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University Earth Engineering Center Columbia University

Chlorine(Cl) is extensively present in solid wastes, causing significant problems during the thermal conversion of waste to energy or fuels, by combustion, gasification or pyrolysis.This paper introduces the analytical methods for determining the Cl content in solid materials and presents the concentrations of Cl in various types of wastes, as reported in literature. Then, it provides a comprehensive analysis on the Cl emission behavior and Cl species formed during the thermal processing of the inorganic and organic Cl sources. The challenges resulted from the reactions between the formed Cl species and the ferrous metals, the heavy metals and the organic matters are summarized and discussed, e.g., high temperature corrosion, heavy metal evaporation and dioxin formation. The quality degradation of products(oil, char and syngas) by Cl is analyzed. Finally, the available controlling methods of Cl emission, including pre-treatment(water washing, sorting,microwave irradiation and stepwise pyrolysis) and in-furnace(absorbents, co-treatment and catalysts) methods are assessed.

关键词： Chlorine Solid wastes Thermal processing Emission Controlling methods

A Kind of Lean Approach for Removing wastes From Non-Manufacturing Process With Various Facilities

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第1期6卷 307-315页

作者： Guangyu Xiong Xiuqin Shang Gang Xiong Timo R.Nyberg IEEE the Silk Road Business School Sanya University the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management School of ScienceAalto University the State Key Laboratory for Management and Controlof Complex Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) Qingdao Academy of Intelligent Industries the Cloud Computing Center CAS the Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology Institute of AutomationCAS the School of Science at Aalto University

It is important to identify and remove the wastes not only from manufacturing process, but also from nonmanufacturing process. In the last several decades, significant research achievements and practice benefits have been achieved about removing wastes from manufacturing process. Since the1990 s, some researchers and lean practitioners have paid more attention to removing waste from non-manufacturing process.Based on the authors' research work and industrial practice, the paper introduces a kind of lean approach for removing waste from non-manufacturing process. In its case study, the order handling process in a value chain is described with respect to a factory and its downstream distribution centers(DCs). The paper proposes a lean approach solution for creating the improved order handling process, and analyze how great improvements in performance can be achieved. As a result, the significant achievement has created a win-win scenario for both the nonmanufacturing process in a factory and non-manufacturing facilities(like DCs) across the value chain. It demonstrates that improvements have been made by removing waste from the non-manufacturing process that takes place within a factory as well as with external participants through the whole value chain. Likewise, the proposed lean approach has helped the case companies to achieve greater levels of efficiency and more benefits. Finally, some conclusions are drawn.

关键词： Lean approach non-manufacturing process optimized order handling process removing wastes value chain win-win scenario

New Technology for High Efficient Recovery of Precious Metals Six-component Alloy wastes

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贵金属 2012年第A01期33卷 1-4页

作者： DONG Wei WU Xian ZHANG Ji CAI Xingshun Westrern Materails Co. Ltd. Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research Xi'an 710016China

Aimed at high content of valuable metals, complicated composition, difficult to separation of precious metals six component alloy wastes, the present paper proposed a new technology of high efficient separation and purification. Using fragmentation technology realizes fast dissolution of palladium, silver, copper and zinc in the wastes, and high efficient and complete separation of them from gold and platinum; using evaporation thermal decomposition technology of mixed solution produced by nitric acid dissolving palladium, silver, copper and zinc, complete and high efficient separation of silver from palladium was realized; by control of solution acidity, using hydrazine reduction method, high efficient and complete separation of gold from platinum was realized. Using this new technology, the recovery rates of palladium and silver are above 99%, and gold and platinum above 98%, the grade of pure metals are above 99.95%.

关键词： precious metals six-component alloy wastes recovery

Rapid Laboratory Comparison Method for Identification of Hazardous wastes from Illegal Oil Refining

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2019年第5期10卷 1-3页

作者： Hao Lihong Zhang Qingfang Cai Xuankun Yang Yue Liu Guiqing Shanxi Environmental Planning Institute Taiyuan 030002China Shanxi Judicial Appraisal Center for Environmental Pollution Damage Taiyuan 030002China

[Objective] This paper aimed to study the rapid identification method of hazardous wastes from illegal oil refining,and provide a new theoretical basis and practical basis for shortening the appraisal cycle and reducing the cost of identification.[Method] The identified substance and the qualified oil products were diluted by carbon disulfide with a ratio of 1∶100 for the gas chromatographic analysis.According to the corresponding national standard,the oil change indexes,such as the moisture content,viscosity,acid value and mechanical impurities of the identified substance,were measured.[Result] By the comparison between the gas chromatogram spectrograms of the identified substance and the qualified oil,it is found that the main component of the identified substance was the mineral oils.And the test results of oil change index showed that the mineral oil was unqualified.[Conclusion] This method was of great significance to save the cost of appraisal and improve the efficiency of case handling.

关键词： Illegal oil refining Identification of hazardous wastes Gas chromatography

Compressive and Flexural Strength of Recycled Reactive Powder Concrete Containing Finely Dispersed Local wastes

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2018年第1期8卷 12-26页

作者： Demiss Belachew Asteray Walter Odhiambo Oyawa Stanley Muse Shitote Civil Engineering Department Pan African University Institute for Basic Science Technology and Innovation Hosted at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Commission for University Education Nairobi Kenya Civil and Structural Engineering Department Moi University Eldoret Kenya

The main objective of this experimental study is to investigate the behavior of Recycled Reactive Powder Concrete (RRPC) developed from finely dispersed local waste raw materials. In this study, RRPC was developed by utilizing local wastes (finely dispersed waste glass powder, waste fly ash and waste ceramic powder) together with Portland cement, fine sand, admixture, steel fibers and water through full replacement of silica fume as well as quartz powder for sustainable construction practice. In this study, all raw materials for making RRPC were analyzed for X-Ray Fluorescence analysis. For sustainability of local construction works, this study employed standard curing method at ambient temperatures instead of steam curing at higher temperatures. Moreover, hand mixing was used throughout the study. To evaluate the structural performances of the developed RRPC mixes, compressive and flexural strengths of RRPC were investigated experimentally and compared with the control mix. The experimental results indicated that replacing the silica fume fully by finely dispersed local waste glass powder (GP) and fly ash (FA) is a promising approach for local structural construction applications. Accordingly, a mean compressive strength of 62.9 MPa and flexural strength of 8.8 MPa were developed using 50% GP-50% FA at 28thdays standard curing. In this study, 17.56% larger compressive strength and 30.6% flexural strength improvements were observed as compared to the control mix.

关键词： Local wastes Recycled Reactive Powder Concrete Compressive Strength Flexural Strength Standard Curing

Determination and Evaluation of the Rate of Solid wastes Generation in Health Care Centers in Montevideo, Uruguay

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2017年第12期8卷 652-667页

作者： Lady Carolina Ramírez Alice Elizabeth González Nicolás Rezzano Tizze Department of Environmental Engineering Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Environmental Engineering School of Engineering of Engineering Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay

Decree 586/009 establishes the main guidelines related to the management of Health Care wastes (RAS). For this reason, it is used as a reference in the definition of any methodological proposal that intends to address all the aspects related to Intra-institutional Management of Residues generated in Health Care Centers (CAS) in Uruguay. In the first instance, this paper presents an application case based on the experience of previous work in a CAS in Montevideo. Providing special importance to the Evaluation of rates of sanitary waste removal rates in the hospital centers, which were determined based on historical data for the period from 2008 to 2011, referring to rates of removal of contaminated, common and recyclable sanitary waste. Based on the analysis of these data, information on their behavior is obtained, such as: number of common waste removed per day in the period, evolution of the monthly average of the daily rate of removal of common waste, evolution of the average daily waste removal rate from month to month in the period, average daily waste removal rate for each month of the year in the period considered, average daily rate of common waste removal for each day of the week, evolution of the monthly average of the daily rate of removal of contaminated waste, evolution of the monthly average daily withdrawal rate of contaminated waste in the period and mean of the daily rate of removal of contaminated waste for each month of the year in the period considered. Finally, the conclusions of this article present the procedure to perform a weighing campaign, which should be carried out to determine the common and contaminated waste generation rates in each of the main services of the CAS.

关键词： Rate of Solid Waste Generation Common wastes Contaminated wastes

Energy Planning: Brazilian Potential of Generation of Electric Power from Urban Solid wastes—Under “<i>Waste Production Liturgy</i>” Point of View

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Energy and Power Engineering 2015年第5期7卷 193-202页

作者： Neilton Fidelis da Silva Angela Oliveira da Costa Rachel Martins Henriques Marcio Giannini Pereira Marcos Aurelio Freitas Vasconcelos Energy Planning Program (PPE) Coordination of Postgraduate Programs in Engineering at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (COPPE/UFRJ) Cidade Universit&aacute ria Rio de Janeiro Brazil International Virtual Institute of Global Change—IVIG Centro de Tecnologia Cidade Universit&aacute ria Rio de Janeiro Brazil Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN) Natal Brazil

The use of Urban Solid Waste (USW) as sources of energy has acquired rising importance in current discussions of alternative energy supplies, in particular in Brazil. This paper brings to these discussions an examination of the concept of solid wastes, including their historic origins and formation, taking their social, economic and cultural characteristics into account, including point view of waste production liturgy. Consequently, a spendthrift society slanted towards the decreasing marginal utility of assets must make efficient use of its USW in order to reduce excessive output. Besides that, this document presents the Brazilian potential of urban solid waste to produce electric power.

关键词： Urban Solid wastes Renewable Energy Energy Planning Brazil

Phylogeny of Bacteria from Steelmaking wastes and Their Acidic Enrichment Cultures

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Advances in Microbiology 2014年第12期4卷 816-828页

作者： Mariana P. Reis Flaviane A. Pinheiro Patrícia S. Costa Ana Paula C. Salgado Paulo S. Assis Edmar Chartone-Souza Andréa M. A. Nascimento Departamento de Biologia Geral Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais Escola de Minas Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Ouro Preto Brazil

Currently, millions of tons of steel are produced worldwide. This has become a serious economic and environmental challenge because the ores used for steel production are nonrenewable resources and the production generates huge amount of waste. In this study, we identified and investigated the ability of bacteria from steelmaking waste with low and high zinc concentration to promote leaching of zinc, when enriched by acidic (pH 2) culture conditions. The bioleaching assays indicated removal of Zn, as in chemical leaching. Bacterial communities from crude and enrichment culture wastes were characterized by the 16S rRNA gene. Phylogenetic analysis of the generated clone libraries revealed predominance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. The Actino- bacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, and Deinococcus-Thermus phyla were also encountered. The clones were most closely related to cultivable heterotrophic bacteria. Different genera were identified including iron redox cycling and leaching bacteria such as Chromobacterium, Aeromonas, Escherichia, Bacillus, and Ochrobactrum. These data add significant new information on bacteria which survive in extremely acidic conditions. They are distantly related to typical acidophiles responsible for the leaching process, which makes them good candidates for future studies on metal bioleaching.

关键词： Bacteria 16S rRNA Diversity Zinc Steelmaking wastes

On the Physical Composition of Solid wastes in Selected Dumpsites of Ogbomosoland, South-Western Nigeria

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2011年第9期3卷 661-666页

作者： Samson Ojoawo Oluwole Agbede Abimbola Sangodoyin 不详

Solid wastes have varied compositions and constituents from place to place. The study area is not an excep- tion. The entire 5 Local Government Area (LGA)s of Ogbomosoland were surveyed and about 40 major dumpsites were identified across the spread. Twenty-five (25) of these were selected, five (5) each per LGA, for the study. The wastes were collected from the dumps, sorted, weighed and classified according to their constituents. The densities of wastes from the 25 dumpsites were also determined. The overall average composition using the main classes of wastes were found to be food;68.4%, metals;7.2%, textile;4.6%, papers;4.4%, plastic;3.9%, glass;3.6%, wood;3.1%, and miscellaneous;4.8%. The average waste density for the study area was 438.1 kg/m3. Putrescible materials dominated the waste composition of the study area. The components of wastes in the city revealed a higher standard of living when compared with those of the residents in the environs. Rural residents generate denser wastes when compared with the urban centres and as such are prone to leachate pollution emanating from these organic wastes. The ingress of leachate is a threat to the groundwater resources of the study area.

关键词： Solid wastes Leachate Pollution Ogbomosoland