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vulnerability analysis of the Chinese coupled aviation and high-speed railway network

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2022年第12期35卷 189-199页

作者： Yiqiao WANG Xianbin CAO Fangyun QIN Lu(Carol)TONG School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Information Engineering Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100191China

The integrated aviation and High-Speed Railway(HSR)transportation system plays a vital role for today’s inter-city transportation services.However,an increasing number of unexpected disruptions(such as operation failures,natural disasters,or intentional attacks)pose a considerable threat to the normal operation of the system,especially on ground transfer,leading to the extensive research on its vulnerability.Previous approaches mainly focus on interruptions within a single transportation mode,neglecting the role of ground transfer which serves as a coupled connection between aviation and High-Speed Railway.This paper proposes a network-based framework for evaluating the vulnerability of the Chinese Coupled Aviation and High-Speed Railway(CAHSR)network from the viewpoint of ground transfer interruption.Taking the end-to-end travel time and passenger flow information into consideration as an evaluation measure and analyzing from the perspective of urban agglomerations,an adaptive method is developed to identify the critical cities and further investigate their failure impacts on the geographic distribution of vulnerability.In addition,the proposed model explores variations of vulnerability under different failure time intervals.Based on the empirical study,some major conclusions are highlighted as follows:(A)Only a few cities show significant impacts on the network’s vulnerability when ground transfer interruptions occurred.(B)The distribution of vulnerability is not proportional to the distance between failure city and influenced city.(C)The vulnerability is more serious in the morning and evening when the ground transfer is disconnected.Our findings may provide new insights for maintenance and optimization of the CAHSR network and other real-world transportation networks.

关键词： Air transportation Complex networks Railway network Transfer vulnerability

vulnerability of groundwater resources under climate change in the Pannonian basin

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2019年第4期22卷 345-358,I0010页

作者： Mărgărit-Mircea Nistor National Institute for Economic Research“Costin C.Kiritescu”of the Romanian Academy/Department of Mountain Economy(CE-MONT) Vatra DorneiRomania Department of Hydrogeology Earthresearch CompanyCluj-NapocaRomania

The impact of climate change on groundwater vulnerability has been assessed in the Pannonian basin over 1961–2070.High-resolution climatemodels,aquifers composition,land cover,and digital elevation model were the main factors which served to perform the spatial analysis using Geographical Information Systems.The analysis reported here is focused on the long-term period,including three temporal time sets:the past period of 1961–1990(1990s),the present period of 2011–2040(2020s),and the future period of 2041–2070(2050s).During the 1990s,the high and very high areas of groundwater vulnerability were identified in all the central,western,eastern,southeastern,and northern sides of the Pannonian basin.In these areas,the water availability is lower and the pollution load index is high,due to the agricultural activities.The low and very low vulnerability classwas depicted in the South-West part of the basin and in few locations from the peripheral areas,mainly in the North and West.The medium groundwater vulnerability spreads over the Pannonian basin,but it ismore concentrated in the central,South,and South-West.The most affected territory is Hungary,while the territories of Slovenia,Croatia,and Bosnia and Herzegovina are less affected.In the present and future periods,the very high groundwater vulnerability increased in areas by 0.74%and 0.87%,respectively.The low class area decreased between the 1990s and the 2020s by 2.33%and it is expected to decrease up to 2.97%in the 2050s.Based on this analysis and the groundwater vulnerabilitymaps,the Pannonian basin appears more vulnerable to climate change in the present and future.These findings demonstrate that the aquifers from Pannonian basin experience high negative effect under climate conditions.In addition,the land cover contributes to this negative status of groundwater resources.The original maps of groundwater vulnerability represent an instrument for water management planning and for research.

关键词： vulnerability aquifers spatial analysis climatic models pollution load index infiltration index water availability

vulnerability assessment of crop production to climate change across Northwest China during 1995–2014

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第3期18卷 683-693页

作者： LIANG You-jia LIU Li-jun School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Water and Soil ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China School of Navigation Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430063China

Crop production vulnerability to climate change in Northwest China depends upon multiple socio-ecological factors.Knowledge regarding the specific indicators and methods suitable for assessing crop production vulnerability is limited that address spatiotemporal variations across large and diverse zones.We propose an integrated assessment framework to quantify the vulnerability of crop production derived from crop yield sensitivity,exposure,and adaptive consequences across 338 counties in Northwest China during 1995–2014.Maps on these indices were generated using climatic and socioeconomic data with spatial mapping method.Different clusters of crop production vulnerability were then identified by a k-means cluster method to assess the heterogeneity of vulnerability at a regional scale.Results show that the vulnerability of crop production in 338 counties varies significantly in both geographical and socioeconomic aspects,specifically,vulnerability indicators are generally higher in Minhe,Menyuan,Hualong,and Ledu,and Xayar had the lowest value of vulnerability.This indicates that adaptation strategies for regional crop production need to focus on several levels,from the improvement of adaptive ability to crop yield fluctuation by promoting irrigation agriculture and optimizing limited water resources in typical arid areas,to agriculture-related financial policies incentivizing the capital investment and technology upgrade of crop production on traditional farming regions.This study provides convincing evidence that the factors related to socioeconomic policies are particularly alarming when a crop’s risk is compared to precipitation fluctuations.We recommend these findings be used to facilitate regional agriculture planning to reduce crop production vulnerability and ensure sustainable food security in specific regions.

关键词： Crop production vulnerability Adaptive capacity GIS Spatial mapping

vulnerability assessment of marine economic system based on comprehensive index and catastrophe progression model

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2020年第1期6卷 696-707,695页

作者： Sheng Gao Huihui Sun Miaosen Ma Yanyan Lu Yuan Yao Wei Liu Institute of Natural Resources and Environmental Audits Nanjing Audit UniversityNanjingChina School of Government Audit Nanjing Audit UniversityNanjingChina

The sustainable development of the marine economic system to accurately grasp the dynamic evolution characteristics and main driving factors of the vulnerability of the marine economic system so as to effectively identify the problems in the operation of the marine economy is extremely important.Based on the establishment of a three-level assessment index system for the vulnerability of the marine economic system,the vulnerability of the marine economic system of Jiangsu Province in 2008-2016 was evaluated by using the comprehensive index model and the catastrophe progression model,and the results were compared based on the unified evaluation criteria.The main influencing factors were analyzed by principal component analysis and Pearson correlation analysis.It’s found that 2014,2015,and 2012 are in a general state,2009 and 2010 are in a poor state,and the vulnerability state from 2008 to 2011 is lower than that in 2012.The overall volatility is small indicating a stable system.Among them,the scale of marine industry and profit and loss of marine resources are the main components of marine economic system vulnerability having the highest correlation with the vulnerability of marine economic system.This study enriches the theoretical method and empirical research on the vulnerability of the marine economic system and has practical significance in allowing for timely targeted control measures to affect the vulnerability of the marine economic system.

关键词： Marine economic system vulnerability Comprehensive index Catastrophe series

vulnerability of Chinese rural-to-urban migrants to social exclusion:Spatial pattern and mechanism

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2021年第3期10卷 572-583页

作者： Juanjuan Zhao Haojie Pan Merih Wahid Fangzhou Liu College of Resource Environment and Tourism Capital Normal UniversityBeijing100048China Manatee County Public Works BradentonFL34208USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technical University of MunichMunich80333Germany

In response to China’s new“people-oriented urbanization”strategy,investigating the current integration situation of rural-to-urban migrants(RUMs)in cities is essential.However,existing studies have not focused on their subjective willingness and adaptive capacity.Moreover,the mechanism of RUMs’urban integration has not been fully explored.The conceptual framework of vulnerability,which originated from the discipline of natural hazards,is perfectly constructive to address these drawbacks.It consists of three main components,including exposure,sensitivity,and adaptive capacity.vulnerability index has been constructed and calculated by combining the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and Delphi method.The spatial pattern of vulnerability level is also analyzed with geographic information system(GIS).Furthermore,the underlying mechanism of vulnerability and its associated factors are investigated with the principle component regression.Three major conclusions are reached.First,the vulnerability level of the RUMs to social exclusion presents a heterogeneous pattern between inland and coastal cities in Shandong Province.Second,while the exposure and sensitivity level of each city correlate spatially with the vulnerability level,RUMs’adaptive capacity further moderates it.Lastly,the level of urban development is revealed to be a key factor influencing vulnerability.This study offers meaningful references to promote inclusive urbanization and sustainable urban development.

关键词： RUMs Social exclusion vulnerability Spatial pattern Mechanism

vulnerability assessment: A comparison of three different city sizes in the coastal area of Central Java, Indonesia

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2017年第4期8卷 286-296页

作者： Wiwandari HANDAYANI Iwan RUDIARTO Jawoto Sih SETYONO Uchendu Eugene CHIGBU Annisa Mu'awanah SUKMAWATI Department of Urban and Regional Planning University of Diponegoro Semarang 50275 Indonesia Institute of Geodesy Geoinformatics and Land Management Technical University of Munich Munich 80333 Germany Department of Urban and Regional Planning University of Technology Yogyakarta Yogyakarta 55164 Indonesia

Considering the importance of connecting urbanization phenomena and vulnerability assessments, this paper aims to explore vulnerability assessment in three different city sizes in the northern coast of Central Java province of Indonesia. It compares the vulnerability levels of the three cities based on their sizes (that is, levels of urbanization). It uses the most current secondary data from the lowest administrative levels,called as kelurahan (urban village), for its assessment. There are two indexes used to indicate their vulnerability levels, namely exposure and sensitivity index (ESI) and adaptive capacity index (ACI). By combining the ESI and ACI, the study found that the kelurahans in Tegal (the medium sized city) have similar vulnerability levels. The kelurahans in Semarang (as the big city) have more combination of vulnerability levelsdindicating that the city has various sensitivity, exposure, as well as adaptive capacity among its kelurahans. In Lasem (the small sized city), due to limitations imposed by adaptationdmostly because of lack of public services and high dependency on primary economic sectorsdall of its kelurahans were found to be vulnerable. The study therefore concluded that the bigger a city is, the more the different areas of that city will have varying levels of vulnerability, leading to a high propensity of vulnerability among its inhabitants. On the other hand, the smaller a city is, the less capacity it will have in reducing its emerging vulnerability challenges.

关键词： Central Java Climate change Indonesia vulnerability assessment

vulnerability assessment of UAV engine to laser based on improved shotline method

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第3期33卷 588-600页

作者： Le Liu Chengyang Xu Changbin Zheng Sheng Cai Chunrui Wang Jin Guo Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130033China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Laser anti-drone technology is entering the sequence of actual combat,and it is necessary to consider the vulnerability of typical functional parts of UAVs.Since the concept of"vulnerability"was proposed,a variety of analysis programs for battlefield targets to traditional weapons have been developed,but a comprehensive assessment methodology for targets'vulnerability to laser is still missing.Based on the shotline method,this paper proposes a method that equates laser beam to shotline array,an efficient vulnerability analysis program of target to laser is established by this method,and the program includes the circuit board and the wire into the vulnerability analysis category,which improves the precision of the vulnerability analysis.Taking the UAV engine part as the target of vulnerability analysis,combine with the"life-death unit method"to calculate the laser penetration rate of various materials of the UAV,and the influence of laser weapon system parameters and striking orientation on the killing probability is quantified after introducing the penetration rate into the vulnerability analysis program.The quantitative analysis method proposed in this paper has certain general expansibility,which can provide a fresh idea for the vulnerability analysis of other targets to laser.

关键词： Laser weapon Laser damage vulnerability UAV Engine Killing probability

Towards rapid and automated vulnerability classification of concrete buildings

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2023年第2期22卷 309-332页

作者： Lissette Iturburu Jean Kwannandar Shirley J.Dyke Xiaoyu Liu Xin Zhang Julio Ramirez Lyles School of Civil Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907United States School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907United States

With the overwhelming number of older reinforced concrete buildings that need to be assessed for seismic vulnerability in a city,local governments face the question of how to assess their building inventory.By leveraging engineering drawings that are stored in a digital format,a well-established method for classification reinforced concrete buildings with respect to seismic vulnerability,and machine learning techniques,we have developed a technique to automatically extract quantitative information from the drawings to classify vulnerability.Using this technique,stakeholders will be able to rapidly classify buildings according to their seismic vulnerability and have access to information they need to prioritize a large building inventory.The approach has the potential to have significant impact on our ability to rapidly make decisions related to retrofit and improvements in our communities.In the Los Angeles County alone it is estimated that several thousand buildings of this type exist.The Hassan index is adopted here as the method for automation due to its simple application during the classification of the vulnerable reinforced concrete buildings.This paper will present the technique used for automating information extraction to compute the Hassan index for a large building inventory.

关键词： object detection segmentation U-Net vulnerability hazards earthquakes reinforced concrete building inventories and databases

vulnerability and adaptation of an oasis social–ecological system affected by glacier change in an arid region of northwestern China

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2019年第1期11卷 29-40页

作者： JianPing Yang Man Li ChunPing Tan HongJu Chen Qin Ji State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Geography Sciences Shanxi Normal University Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction Sichuan University Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Hexi Inland River Basin in an arid region of northwestern China was chosen as the study area for this research. The authors define the vulnerability of an oasis social-ecological system to glacier change; select 16 indicators from natural and socioeconomic systems according to exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity; and construct a vulnerability-assessment indicator system aimed at an inland river basin in the arid region of Northwestern China. vulnerability of the oasis socialecological system affected by glacier change in the study area is evaluated by Spatial Principal Component Analysis(SPCA) under the circumstance of glacier change. The key factors affecting the vulnerability are analyzed. The vulnerability of the oasis social-ecological system in the Hexi Inland River Basin affected by glacier change is of more than medium grade, accounting for about 48.0% of the total number of counties in the study area. In terms of the spatial pattern of the vulnerability, the oasis economic belt is the most vulnerable. With the rapid development of the area's society and economy, the exposure of the system to glacial changes is significantly increased; and an increase in glacial meltwater is not enough to overcome the impact of increased exposure, which is the main reason for the high vulnerability. Based on the result of the vulnerability analysis and combined with the present industrial structure in the Hexi Inland River Basin, near-,medium-, and long-term adaptation initiatives are put forward in the article.

关键词： oasis social-ecological system Hexi Inland river basins glacier change vulnerability adaptation