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Ontogeny of vocal rhythms in harbor seal pups: an exploratory study

Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 107-120页

作者： Andrea RAViGNANi Christopher T. Kello Koen de Reus Sonja A KoTz Simone Dalla BELLA Margarita Mendez-Arostegui Beatriz Rapado-Tamarit Ana Rubio-Garcia Bart de BoER Research Department Sealcentre Pieterburen Pieterburen The Netherlands Artificial Intelligenee Lab Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium Cognitive and Information Sciences University of California Merced CA USA Basic and Applied NeuroDynamics Lab Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands Department of Neuropsychology Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany International Laboratory for Brain Music and Sound Research (BRAMS) Montreal QC Canada Department of Psychology University of Montreal Montreal QC Canada Department of Cognitive Psychology WSFiZ in Warsaw Warsaw Poland

Puppyhood is a very active social and vocal period in a harbor seal's life Ph oca vitulina. An important feature of vocalizations is their temporal and rhythmic structure, and understanding vocal timing and rhythms in harbor seals is critical to a cross-species hypothesis in evolutionary neuroscience that links vocal learning, rhythm perception, and synchronization. This study utilized analytical techniques that may best capture rhythmic structure in pup vocalizations with the goal of examining whether (1) harbor seal pups show rhythmic structure in their calls and (2) rhythms evolve over time. Calls of 3 wild-born seal pups were recorded daily over the course of 1-3 weeks;3 temporal features were analyzed using 3 complementary techniques. We identified temporal and rhythmic structure in pup calls across different time windows. The calls of harbor seal pups exhibit some degree of temporal and rhythmic organization, which evolves over puppyhood and resembles that of other species' in teractive comm un icati on. We suggest n ext steps for investigating call structure in harbor seal pups and propose comparative hypotheses to test in other pinniped species.

关键词： bioacoustics pinnipeds rhythm timing vocal development

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vocal individuality and rhythm in male and female duet contributions of a nonhuman primate

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Current Zoology 2020年第2期66卷 173-186页

作者： Dena J.CLINK Johny S.TASIRIN Holger KLINCK Bioacoustics Research Program Cornell Lab of OrnithologyCornell UniversityIthacaNY14850USA Faculty of Agriculture Sam Ratulangi UniversityManadoIndonesia

Duetting,or the stereotypical,repeated and often coordinated vocalizations between 2 individuals arose independently multiple times in the Order Primates.Across primate species,there exists substantial variation in terms of timing,degree of overlap,and sex-specificity of duet contributions.There is increasing evidence that primates can modify the timing of their duet contributions relative to their partner,and this vocal flexibility may have been an important precursor to the evolution of human language.Here,we present the results of a fine-scale analysis of Gursky’s spectral tarsier Tarsius spectrumgurskyae duet phrases recorded in North Sulawesi,Indonesia.Specifically,we aimed to investigate individual-level variation in the female and male contributions to the duet,quantify individual-and pair-level differences in duet timing,and measure temporal precision of duetting individuals relative to their partner.We were able to classify female duet phrases to the correct individual with an 80%accuracy using support vector machines,whereas our classification accuracy for males was lower at 64%.Females were more variable than males in terms of timing between notes.All tarsier phrases exhibited some degree of overlap between callers,and tarsiers exhibited high temporal precision in their note output relative to their partners.We provide evidence that duetting tarsier individuals can modify their note output relative to their duetting partner,and these results support the idea that flexibility in vocal exchanges—a precursor to human language—evolved early in the primate lineage and long before the emergence of modern humans.

关键词： primate vocal communication rhythm vocal plasticity vocal individuality

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Perceptual lateralization of vocal stimuli in goats

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 67-74页

作者： Luigi Baciadonna Christian Nawroth Elodie F. Briefer Alan G. McELLiGOTT Biological and Experimental Psychology School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK Institute of Behavioural Physiology Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology Dummerstorf Germany Institute of Agricultural Sciences ETH Zurich Universitatstrasse 2 8092 Zurich Switzerland Department of Life Sciences University of Roehampton London SW15 4JD UK

Functional asymmetries, for example, the preferential involvement of 1 brain hemisphere to process stimuli, may increase brain efficiency and the capacity to carry out tasks simultaneously. We investigated which hemisphere was primarily invoIved in processing acoustic stimuli in goats using a headorienting paradigm. Three playbacks using goat vocalizations recorded in different contexts: food anticipation (positive), isolation (negative), food frustration (negative), as well as 1 playback involving dog barks (negative) were presented on the left and right sides of the test subjects simultaneously. The head-orienting response (left or right) and latency to resume feeding were recorded. The direction of the head-orienting response did not differ between the various playbacks. However, when the head-orienting response was tested against chanee level, goats showed a right bias regardless of the stimuli presented. Goats responded more to dog barks than to food frustration calls, whereas responses to food anticipation and isolation calls were intermediate. In addition, the latency to resume feeding, an indicator of fear reaction, was not affected by the kind of vocalization presented. These results provide evidence for asymmetries in goat vocal perceptio n of emotional-li nked con specific and heterospecific calls. They also suggest involvement of the left brain hemisphere for processing acoustic stimuli, which might have been perceived as familiar and non -threate ning.

关键词： auditory processing brain asymmetry emotions lateralization social cognition vocal communication

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The effects of the false vocal fold gaps on intralaryngeal pressure distributions and their effects on phonation

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2008年第11期51卷 1045-1051页

作者： LI Sheng1,2, WAN MingXi1 & WANG SuPin1 1 Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Life Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China Department of Biomedical Engineering Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China

Human phonation does not merely depend on the vibration of the vocal folds. Research by clinical and computer simulations has demonstrated that the false vocal fold (FVF) is an important laryngeal con-striction that plays a vital role during human voice production. This study explored the effects of the FVF gaps using both the three-dimensional Plexiglas model and the numerical computation methods. Twelve FVF gaps (ranging from 0.02 to 2.06 cm) were used in this study at three glottal angles (uniform and convergent/divergent 40°), two minimal glottal diameters (Dg) (0.04 cm and 0.06 cm) separately, and the constant subglottal pressure (8 cm H2O). The results suggested that (1) the intralaryngeal pressure was the lowest and the flow was the highest (least flow resistance) when the FVF gap was 1.5-2 times greater than Dg; (2) the divergent glottal angle gave lower pressure and greater flow than the conver-gent and uniform glottal angle as there were no FVF conditions; (3) the presence of the FVF decreased the effects of the glottal angle to a certain extent; and more importantly, (4) the presence of the FVF also moved the separation points downstream, straightened the glottal jet for a longer distance, decreased the overall laryngeal resistance, and reduced the energy dissipation, suggesting the significance of FVF in efficient voice production. These results may be incorporated in the phonatory models (physical or computational) for better understanding of vocal mechanics. The results might also be helpful in exploring the surgical and rehabilitative intervention of related voice problems.

关键词： false vocal fold laryngeal physical model aerodynamics modeling phonation

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Impact of vocal Fold Dehydration on vocal Function and Its Treatment

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Current Medical Science 2019年第2期39卷 310-316页

作者： Zhe-fei ZOU Wei CHEN Wei LI Kun YUAN Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery The Central Hospital of WuhanTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430014China Hubei Cancer Hospital Wuhan 430014China

The change of vocal flinction after vocal fold dehydration due to dryness was discussed along with the treatment eHect of different atomizing agents.Forty-eight staffs from The Central Hospital of Wuhan were recniited.All volunteers breathed dry air for vocal fold dehydration.After dry air inhalation,the subjects were randomly divided into four groups,with 12 cases each.Three groups were treatment groups,receiving 0.9%nonnal saline(IS),5%hypertonic saline(HS)and double-distilled water(SW)atomizing inhalation therapy,respectively,and the last group was the control group without treatment.Voice data were collected for all subjects before and immediately after dry air inhalation using the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program(MDVP)system.Atomizing inhalation therapy was given 10 min after dry air inhalation,and voice data were collected using MDVP system at the following time points after atomizing inhalation treatment:5 min,20 min,35 min,50 min,65 min,80 min,95 min,110 min.In the control group,voice data were collected at the same time points and compared with those of treatment groups.The vocal function parameters collected before and after dry air inhalation as well as after treatment were subjected to test using SPSS 16.0 software.In the four groups,jitter(fundamental frequency perturbation),shimmer(amplitude perturbation),and amplitude perturbation quotient(APQ)were significantly increased after dry air inhalation(Pvocal fold dehydration induced by dryness can reduce the stability of voice;such decreased voice stability can be improved by atomizing inhalation therapy;without proper t

关键词： dryness vocal fold dehydration vocal function Multi-Dimensional Voice Program atomizing inhalation

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Improved vocal effort modeling by exploiting echo state network and radial basis function network

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2019年第3期26卷 98-104页

作者： Chao Hao Dong Liang Liu Yongli School of Computer Science and Technology Henan Polytechnic University

The independent hypothesis between frames in vocal effect(VE) recognition makes it difficult for frame based spectral features to describe the intrinsic temporal correlation and dynamic change information in speech phenomena. A novel VE detection method based on echo state network(ESN) is proposed. The input sequences are mapped into a fixed-dimensionality vector in high dimensional coding space by reservoir of the ESN. Then, radial basis function(RBF) networks are employed to fit the probability density function(pdf) of each VE mode by using the vectors in the high dimensional coding space. Finally, the minimum error rate Bayesian decision is employed to judge the VE mode. The experiments which are conducted on isolated words test set achieve 79.5% average recognition accuracy, and the results show that the proposed method can overcome the defect of the independent hypothesis between frames effectively.

关键词： vocal effort echo state network reservoir radial basis function support vector machine

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Injection medialization laryngoplasty improves dysphagia in patients with unilateral vocal fold immobility

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2018年第2期4卷 126-129页

作者： Mursalin M. Anis Zainulabideen Memon Coastal Ear Nose and Throat Neptune NJ USA Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miami FL USA Jersey Shore University Medical Center Neptune NJ USA

Objective: To assess patient reported swallowing outcomes before and after injec-tion medialization laryngoplasty in patients with unilateral vocal fold immobility (UVFI). Methods: Case series with chart review of patients with UVFI who underwent injection media-lization laryngoplasty at a community laryngology practice by a single clinician between October 2015 and December 2017. Patient-reported validated surveys of swallowing impair-ment, Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10), demographics, etiology and duration of symptoms were recorded before and after injection. A paired t test was done on EAT-10 surveys before and after IML to assess for statistical significance. Results: Twenty-one patients with UVFI and glottic insufficiency underwent IML between October 2015 and December 2017. Nineteen of 21 patients (90％) presented with dysphagia (EAT-10 ≥ 3). 76％ of patients with dysphagia reported improvement in swallowing function af-ter IML. The EAT-10 scores of UVFI patients with dysphagia before and after IML were 17.0 ± 14.0 and 4.2 ± 9.6, respectively (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Nearly all patients with UVFI and glottic insufficiency report associated dysphagia. Three fourths of these patients perceive improvement in their swallowing function after injection medialization laryngoplasty. Patients with idiopathic UVFI may have a more sus-tained improvement and those with severe preop dysphagia may not benefit. Further research is necessary to refine patient selection and to assess duration of improved swallowing function.

关键词： Unilateral vocal fold immobility Glottic insufficiency Dysphagia Eating assessment tool Injection medialization laryngoplasty

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Effects of metronomic sounds on a self-paced tapping task in budgerigars and humans

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 121-128页

作者： Yoshimasa Seki Kenta Tomyta Department of Psychology Aichi University Machihatacho Toyohashi Aichi Japan

The origin of rhythmic synchronization or entrainment to a musical beat in animals has been widely discussed. Parrots are suitable animals to exami ne the relati on ship betwee n the capability of vocal learning and spontaneous rhythmic synchronization. In this study, budgerigars Melopsittacus undulatus learned to tap (peck) 2 keys alternately at a self-paced rate. Then, the metronomic sounds were played in the background during test sessions while the birds were performing the key pecking task, although they were not required to synchronize tap timing with the metronome. We found modest but significant effects of the metronome rhythms on the tap timing in some subjects. We also tested humans Homo sapiens using almost the same method. In contrast to the birds, a number of huma n subjects synchr on ized tap timing to the on set of the metronome without verbal or documented instructions. However, we failed to find an effect of the metronome on self-paced tap timing in some human subjects, although they were capable of rhythmic synchronization. This is the first report describing the effects of metronomic sounds on self-paced tapping in nonhuman vocal learners. This study introduces a new method that can be used in future research comparing birds that differ in vocal learning capacities, social structure, age, sex, hormonal status, and so on as part of exami nations of the evolutionary foun dati ons of beat processing.

关键词： opera nt con ditioning parrots rhythm synchronization vocal learning

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三维能量多普勒超声联合vocal对乳腺BI-RADS 4类肿块的研究

三维能量多普勒超声联合VOCAL对乳腺BI-RADS 4类肿块的研究

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作者：苑婉茹郑州大学

学位级别：硕士

背景与目的作为全球女性的常见病与多发病,乳腺疾病的发病率在逐年地升高,其发病人群也日益年轻化。目前,乳腺癌的发病率已居于女性恶性肿瘤首位,超声检查是筛查和诊断乳腺疾病的重要手段。美国放射学会所发布的乳腺影像报告和数据报告(... 详细信息

背景与目的作为全球女性的常见病与多发病,乳腺疾病的发病率在逐年地升高,其发病人群也日益年轻化。目前,乳腺癌的发病率已居于女性恶性肿瘤首位,超声检查是筛查和诊断乳腺疾病的重要手段。美国放射学会所发布的乳腺影像报告和数据报告(breast imaging reporting and data system,BI-RADS)是目前用来评价乳腺病变良恶性最常用的标准。三维能量多普勒成像(three-dimensional power Doppler angiography,3D-PDA)是三维超声与能量多普勒相结合的一种技术,可以提供清晰全面的声像图表现及肿块相关血流信息,进一步提高乳腺恶性肿瘤诊断的准确性。vocal(Virtual Organ Computer-aided Analysis)软件是计算机引导的虚拟组织分析,通过该软件可以计算肿块体积及肿块中的平均灰阶、平均能量、比例及血管血流指数。目前三维能量多普勒技术已逐步应用于临床,但并无基于3D-PDA血管参数与BI-RADS分类建立列线图预测模型以进一步对4类肿块进行良恶性预测的研究。扩散加权成像技术(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)的表观扩散系数值(Apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)是对乳腺病变进行评估的一个定量化指标,也是目前研究的热点。本研究通过应用三维能量多普勒超声联合vocal对BI-RADS 4类肿块进行良恶性判断,探讨其诊断价值,分析诊断效能并由此建立列线图预测模型以评估肿块性质。之后再应用列线图模型与ADC值进行联合诊断,以期找出降低乳腺穿刺率的同时提高准确率的最佳诊断方法。资料与方法回顾性纳入230个经乳腺二维超声检查报告为BI-RADS 4类的肿块,以术后病理结果为金标准。所有肿块均留取三维图像,并应用vocal软件对存储的图像进行容积后处理,获得并记录三维能量直方图相关血管参数平均灰阶(mean gray,MG)、平均能量(mean power,MP)、比率(ratio,R)、血管血流指数(Vascularization flow index,VFI)及肿块体积,重复测量三次并取各血管参数的平均值为最终值。采用SPSS 26.0统计学软件进行分析,正态分布资料及偏态分布资料分别采用t检验和Mann-Whitney U检验比较分析。采用单因素及多因素logistic回归分析各血管参数,ROC曲线用于分析各参数诊断BI-RADS 4类肿块的效能。Pvocal参数预测BI-RADS 4类肿块的列线图模型,采用一致性指数(C-index)和校正曲线评估模型准确度。230个肿块中另有62个进行了MRI平扫及增强检查,比较良恶性组间ADC值并将该部分数据联合列线图进行良恶性预测,比较列线图模型、ADC以及3D-PDA列线图模型联合ADC诊断BI-RADS 4类肿块的效能。结果本研究最终纳入肿块230个,以病理结果为金标准将病灶分为良性组与恶性组,良性肿块共计178个,恶性肿块共计52个。两组间各参数比较显示:恶性组的年龄、MP、R、VFI、体积值均大于良性组,差异具有统计学意义(Pvocal可以提高对BI-RADS 4类肿块的诊断,降低不必要的活检率。基于3D-PDA血管参数及BI-RADS分类构建的列线图模型在预测4类肿块良恶性方面具有参考价值,可以为临床医师诊疗决策提供参考意见。基于3D-PDA建立的列线图模型联合DWI-ADC对乳腺BI-RADS 4类肿块具有诊断价

关键词：三维能量多普勒超声 vocal 乳腺肿块 BI-RADS 4类列线图 ADC

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基于vocal的私网穿透的SBC(Session Border Controller)设计(英文)

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中山大学学报（自然科学版） 2006年第6期45卷 26-30页

作者：刘发贵饶鹏华南理工大学计算机科学与工程学院广东广州510640

随着技术的成熟,VoIP技术以更加迅猛的势头得到发展和普及,但是在这个过程中也不可避免的碰到一些困难和问题,VoIP应用如何穿越NAT的问题就是其中之一。vocal是完全基于SIP的VoIP开放源代码方案。如何穿越NAT也是用vocal系统开发VoIP服... 详细信息

随着技术的成熟,VoIP技术以更加迅猛的势头得到发展和普及,但是在这个过程中也不可避免的碰到一些困难和问题,VoIP应用如何穿越NAT的问题就是其中之一。vocal是完全基于SIP的VoIP开放源代码方案。如何穿越NAT也是用vocal系统开发VoIP服务必须解决的问题。研究了NAT技术给VoIP服务带来的问题,并且就当前主流的NAT穿透方案进行探讨,然后在此基础上选择一个无须对现有设备进行任何改动的vocal系统穿越NAT方案———SBC。并以VO-CAL系统为对象,研究SBC在vocal系统中的设计。

关键词： IP电话 vocal SIP协议 SBC NAT

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