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A fate model of pathogenic viruses in a composting toilet based on coliphage inactivation

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第7期23卷 1194-1198页

作者： Shinobu Kazama Narue Tameike Naoko Nakagawa Masahiro Otaki Department of Human Environmental Science Ochanomizu University INAX Co. 1-23-6 Yoshino-cho Kita-ku Satiama 331-0811 Japan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minamiosawa Hachioji City Tokyo 192-0397 Japan

A composting toilet using sawdust as a matrix has the potential to trap pathogens that might occasionally be contained in human feces. Therefore, care should be taken when handling the sawdust. It should also be noted that pathogenic viruses tend to have stronger tolerance than pathogenic bacteria. The fates of several species of coliphages, T4, λ, Qβ and MS2, in sawdust were investigated as a viral model. The fates of coliphages were significantly different among them, and they changed in response to temperature and the water content of the sawdust. As the results, T4 coliphage had the strongest tolerance and Qβ had the weakest one in sawdust. It was estimated the days required to decrease virus to a safe level based on a risk assessment. According to the rates of Qβ and T4, 15 days and 167 days were required respectively for a safe level of infection risk based on actually operated composting toilet condition. Thus, it was significantly different depending on the species and sawdust conditions.

关键词： composting toilet viral indicator coliphage risk assessment

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