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Assessing human sperm morphology： top models, underdogs or biometrics？

Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第1期12卷 36-46页

作者： Jacques Auger Service d＇Histologie-Embryologie Biologie de la Reproduction/CECOS Hopital Cochin Paris 75014 France

The assessment of the percentage of spermatozoa having an ＇ideal＇ morphology using so-called strict method is the method recommended in the latest edition of the World Health Organization （WHO） laboratory manual for semen analysis. This recommendation is a result of the statistical association between ＇ideal＇ sperm morphology and fertility, and of the current general belief that sperm morphology assessment should be used primarily as a fertility tool. The notion of an ＇ideal＇ sperm morphology has persisted despite the very low percentage of such spermatozoa in the semen of fertile men, a subject of intense controversy. The detailed categorization of each abnormal spermatozoon has thus, for a long time, been considered optional and partially redundant, an idea which is reflected in the earlier editions of the WHO manual. However, several recent studies have shown the importance of carefully assessing abnormal sperm morphology for use in the diagnosis ＆infertility, to determine fertility prognosis, and for basic or public health studies. One approach, which combines videomicroscopy and computer vision, and is the only approach able to assess the continuum of sperm biometrics, has been used successfully in several recent clinical, basic and toxicology studies. In summary, the visual assessment of detailed sperm morphology--including the categorization of anomalies allowing arithmetically derived indices of teratozoospermia--and the more modern computer-based approaches, although often considered to be redundant, are in fact complementary. The choice of the most appropriate method depends on the field of investigation （clinical, research, toxicology） and the problem being addressed. Each approach has advantages as well as certain limitations, which will be discussed briefly herein.

关键词： diagnosis fertility prognosis image analysis multiple anomalies index pattern recognition reproductive toxicology spermdefects sperm deformity index sperm pathology teratozoospermic index videomicroscopy

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Tracking bacterial growth in liquid media and a new bacterial life model

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Science China(Life Sciences) 1999年第6期42卷 644-654页

作者：刘实

By increasing viscosity of liquid media above 8.4 centipoise (ep) i.e. 0.084g·cm -1·s-1, individual growth and family formation of Escherichia coli was continuously observed in real-time for up to 6 h. The observations showed primarily unidirectional growth and reproduction of E. coli and suggested more than one reproduction in the observed portion of E. coli life span. A new bacterial life model is proposed: each bacterium has a stable cell polarity that ultimately transforms into two bacteria of different generations; the life cycle of a bacterium can contain more than one reproduction cycle; and the age of a bacterium should be defined by its experienced chronological time. This new bacterial life model differs from the dominant concepts of bacterial life but complies with all basic life principles based on direct observation of macroorganisms.

关键词： bacterial life bacterial growth bacterial reproduction bacterial polarity videomicroscopy Es-cherichia coli.

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