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Semen extracellular vesicles mediate vertical transmission of subgroup J avian leukosis virus

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Virologica Sinica 2022年第2期37卷 284-294页

作者： Liqin Liao Weiguo Chen Xiangyu Zhang Huanmin Zhang Aijun Li Yiming Yan Zi Xie Hongxing Li Wencheng Lin Jingyun Ma Xinheng Zhang Qingmei Xie Heyuan Branch Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and TechnologyCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou510642China Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding Guangzhou510642China USDA Agriculture Research ServiceAvian Disease and Oncology LaboratoryEast LansingMI48823USA College of Science and Engineering Jinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control GuangdongGuangzhou510642China Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus Guangzhou510642China

Subgroup J avian leukosis virus(ALV-J) is a highly oncogenic retrovirus that has been devastating the global poultry industry since the late 1990s. The major infection model of ALV-J is vertical transmission, which is responsible for the congenital infection of progeny from generation to generation. Increasing evidence has suggested that extracellular vesicles(EVs) derived from virus-infected cells or biological fluids have been thought to be vehicles of transmission for viruses. However, the role of EVs in infection and transmission of ALV-J remains obscure. In the present study, semen extracellular vesicles(SE) were isolated and purified from ALV-J-infected rooster seminal plasma(SE-ALV-J), which was shown to contain ALV-J genomic RNA and partial viral proteins, as determined by RNA sequencing, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Furthermore, SE-ALV-J was proved to be able to transmit ALV-J infection to host cells and establish productive infection.More importantly, artificial insemination experiments showed that SE-ALV-J transmitted ALV-J infection to SPF hens, and subsequently mediated vertical transmission of ALV-J from the SPF hens to the progeny chicks. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that ALV-J utilized host semen extracellular vesicles as a novel means for vertical transmission, enhancing our understanding on mechanisms underlying ALV-J transmission.

关键词： Semen extracellular vesicles(SE) Subgroup J avian leukosis virus(ALV-J) Infection vertical transmission

vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus:propositions and future directions

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Chinese Medical Journal 2021年第23期134卷 2825-2831页

作者： Jin-Feng Liu Tian-Yan Chen Ying-Ren Zhao Department of Infectious Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710061China Shaanxi Clinical Research Center of Infectious Diseases Xi’anShaanxi 710061China.

Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection due to vertical transmission remains a critical concern with regards to eliminating HBV infection.Implementation of hepatitis B vaccine,the foundation to prevent perinatal and horizontal transmission,has reduced the prevalence of HBV by>80%.In countries where the hepatitis B immune globulin(HBIG)is available,such as China and the United States,the administration of HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine to the infants of mothers who are positive for hepatitis B surface antigen has become a standard practice and is effective in preventing vertical transmission.Accumulating evidence on the efficacy and safety of antiviral prophylaxis during pregnancy indicates the probability of attaining the goal of the World Health Organization to eliminate hepatitis by 2030.In this review,we discuss the transmission routes,diagnostic criteria,and preventive strategies for vertical transmission.A preventive program that includes screening before pregnancy,antiviral prophylaxis during pregnancy,and postpartum immunoprophylaxis provides“perfect strategies”to eliminate vertical transmission.However,there is still a notable gap between“perfect strategies”and real-world application,including insufficient coverage of timely birth dose vaccine and the efficacy and necessity of HBIG,especially in mothers who are negative for hepatitis B envelope antigen.In particular,there is a clear need for a comprehensive long-term safety profile of antiviral prophylaxis.Therefore,feasible and cost-effective preventive strategies need to be determined across regions.Access also needs to be scaled up to meet the demands for prophylaxis and prevalence targets.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus vertical transmission Immunoprophylaxis Antiviral prophylaxis

vertical transmission of Schistosoma Japonicum in the Rabbit

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2002年第4期22卷 281-284页

作者： Abdel-Moneim Mohamad Salim 石佑恩韩家军宁长修 DepartmentofParasitology

The aim of the present study was to confirm observations on the vertical transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in the rabbit. S. japonicum- infected pregnant rabbits were used in this study. Perfusion of mother rabbits was done 9weeks after infection in order to obtain worm bur- dens in relation to their initial cercarial dose.Anti- schistosoma specific Ig M antibodies in serum samples collected from rabbit kittens were detected by EL ISA.Our results showed that gestation period lasted the norm al2 9- 31days.All the exposed mother rabbits became infected with S. japonicum.Positive Ig M antibody OD values were detected in12 out of the6 0 kittens exam ined (2 0 .0 % ) . In group C and A,4 0 .0 % and 17.9% of the kitten were congenitally infected,re- spectively. 18.1% of the kittens born to mothers infected with a single dose of 2 0 0 cercariae per rabbit were positives;this is not significantly different from that obtained for the 6 0 0 dose group (2 2 .2 % ) .Three randomly selected Ig M+ kittens harbored between one and two adult worm s. The livers of these kittens displayed granulomatous lesions. It is concluded that congenital S. japonicum infection does occur in the rabbit and is affected by the m other stage of pregnancy and to a lesser extent by its infection load.

关键词： S. japonicum rabbit vertical transmission congenital infection Ig M

The infection kinetics and transmission potential of two Guaico Culex viruses in Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第2期39卷 228-234页

作者： Ru-Yi Chen Teng Zhao Jing-Jing Guo Feng Zhu Na-Na Zhang Xiao-Feng Li Hai-Tao Liu Fei Wang Yong-Qiang Deng Cheng-Feng Qin College of Bioscience and Bioengineering Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang330045China State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyAMMSBeijing100071China School of Life Sciences Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming650224China

Guaico Culex virus(GCXV)is a newly identified segmented Jingmenvirus from Culex spp.mosquitoes in Central and South America.The genome of GCXV is composed of four or five single-stranded positive RNA segments.However,the infection kinetics and transmission capability of GCXV in mosquitoes remain unknown.In this study,we used reverse genetics to rescue two GCXVs(4S and 5S)that contained four and five RNA segments,respectively,in C6/36 cells.Further in vitro characterization revealed that the two GCXVs exhibited comparable replication kinetics,protein expression and viral titers.Importantly,GCXV RNAs were detected in the bodies,salivary glands,midguts and ovaries of Culex quinquefasciatus at 4–10 days after oral infection.In addition,two GCXVs can colonize Cx.quinquefasciatus eggs,resulting in positive rates of 15%–35%for the second gonotrophic cycle.In conclusion,our results demonstrated that GCXVs with four or five RNA segments can be detected in Cx.quinquefasciatus eggs during the first and second gonotrophic cycles after oral infection.

关键词： Guaico Culex virus(GCXV) Jingmenvirus Culex quinquefasciatus vertical transmission

A Novel Fractional Dengue transmission Model in the Presence of Wolbachia Using Stochastic Based Artificial Neural Network

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1217-1238页

作者： Zeshan Faiz Iftikhar Ahmed Dumitru Baleanu Shumaila Javeed Department of Mathematics COMSATS University IslamabadIslamabad45550Pakistan Department of Mathematics Cankaya UniversityAnkara06790Turkey Institute of Space Sciences Magurele-Bucharest077125Romania Department of Medical Research China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichung40402Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American UniversityBeirut135053Lebanon Department of Mathematics Mathematics Research CenterNear East UniversityNicosia/Mersin99138Turkey

The purpose of this research work is to investigate the numerical solutions of the fractional dengue transmission model(FDTM)in the presence of Wolbachia using the stochastic-based Levenberg-Marquardt neural network(LM-NN)technique.The fractional dengue transmission model(FDTM)consists of 12 compartments.The human population is divided into four compartments;susceptible humans(S_(h)),exposed humans(E_(h)),infectious humans(I_(h)),and recovered humans(R_(h)).Wolbachia-infected and Wolbachia-uninfected mosquito population is also divided into four compartments:aquatic(eggs,larvae,pupae),susceptible,exposed,and infectious.We investigated three different cases of vertical transmission probability(η),namely when Wolbachia-free mosquitoes persist only(η=0.6),when both types of mosquitoes persist(η=0.8),and when Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes persist only(η=1).The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Wolbachia in reducing dengue and presenting the numerical results by using the stochastic structure LM-NN approach with 10 hidden layers of neurons for three different cases of the fractional order derivatives(α=0.4,0.6,0.8).LM-NN approach includes a training,validation,and testing procedure to minimize the mean square error(MSE)values using the reference dataset(obtained by solving the model using the Adams-Bashforth-Moulton method(ABM).The distribution of data is 80% data for training,10% for validation,and,10% for testing purpose)results.A comprehensive investigation is accessible to observe the competence,precision,capacity,and efficiency of the suggested LM-NN approach by executing the MSE,state transitions findings,and regression analysis.The effectiveness of the LM-NN approach for solving the FDTM is demonstrated by the overlap of the findings with trustworthy measures,which achieves a precision of up to 10^(-4).

关键词： Wolbachia dengue neural network vertical transmission mean square error Levenberg-Marquardt

Prevention of vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第26期27卷 4182-4193页

作者： Piero Veronese Icilio Dodi Susanna Esposito Giuseppe Indolfi Department of Medicine and Surgery University of ParmaParma 43121Italy Department of Pediatrics Pietro Barilla Children's HospitalParma 43121Italy Department Neurofarba University of FlorenceFlorence 50129Italy Department Neurofarba Meyer Children's University HospitalFlorence 50129Italy

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)is the leading cause of chronic viral hepatitis.Annually,almost two million children younger than 5 years acquire the infection,mostly through vertical or horizontal transmission in early life.vertical transmission of HBV is a high efficacy phenomenon ranging,in the absence of any preventive interventions,from 70%to 90%for hepatitis e antigen positive mothers and from 10%to 40%for hepatitis e antigen-negative mothers.Maternal viraemia is a preeminent risk factor for vertical transmission of HBV.Maternal screening is the first step to prevent vertical transmission of HBV.Hepatitis B passive and active immunoprophylaxis at birth together with antiviral treatment of highly viraemic mothers are the key strategies for global elimination of HBV infection.Strategies are needed to promote implementation of birth-dose vaccination and hepatitis B immunoglobulins in low-and middle-income countries where the prevalence of the infection is at the highest.

关键词： Hepatitis B vertical transmission Hepatitis B vaccine Hepatitis B immune globulin Neonatal immunoprophylaxis Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate

Mechanisms and Prevention of vertical transmission in Chronic Viral Hepatitis

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2017年第2期5卷 119-129页

作者： Marianna G.Mavilia George Y.Wu Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington CT USA

vertical transmission (VT) is the primary route of transmission of viral hepatitis in children.The rate of VT ranges from 1-28% with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 3-15% with hepatitis C virus (HCV).VT for both viruses can occur during the intrauterine or peripartum period.VT of HBV primarily occurs by intrauterine transmission (IUT).Hepatitis B surface antigen is unable to cross the placenta and,therefore,relies on processes like transplacental leakage,placental infection,cellular transmission by peripheral blood mononuclear cells,and germline transmission.HCV can also infect the fetus by IUT.Both viruses also have the potential for transmission during delivery,when there is increase chance of maternal-fetal blood exposure.HBV and HCV share some common risk factors for VT,including maternal viral load,human immunodeficiency virus co-infection and neonatal sex.Prevention of VT differs greatly between HBV and HCV.There are several alternatives for prevention of HBV VT,including antiviral medications during the third trimester of pregnancy and HBV vaccine,as well as hepatitis B immunoglobulin administration to infants post-partum.In contrast,there are no preventative interventions available for HCV.Despite these differences,the key to prevention with both viruses is screening women prior to and during pregnancy.

关键词： vertical transmission Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Mechanisms Prevention

Mathematics of dengue transmission dynamics:Roles of vector vertical transmission and temperature fluctuations

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2018年第1期3卷 266-292页

作者： Rahim Taghikhani Abba B.Gumel School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Arizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA

A new deterministic model is designed and used to gain insight into the effect of seasonal variations in temperature and vector vertical transmission on the transmission dynamics of dengue disease.The model,which incorporates(among many other features)the dynamics of the immature dengue-competent mosquitoes,vertical transmission in the vector population,density-dependent larval mortality and temperature effects,is rigorously analysed and simulated using data relevant to the disease dynamics in Chiang Mai province of Thailand.The non-trivial disease-free equilibrium of the model is shown to be globallyasymptotically stable when the associated basic reproduction number of the model is less than unity.Numerical simulations of the model,using data relevant to the disease dynamics in the Chiang Mai province of Thailand,show that vertical transmission in the vector population has only marginal impact on the disease dynamics,and that the effect of vertical transmission is temperature-dependent(in particular,the effect of vertical transmission on the disease dynamics increases for values of the mean monthly temperature in the range[16-28]℃,and decreases with increasing mean monthly temperature thereafter).It is further shown that dengue burden(as measured in terms of disease incidence)is maximized when the mean monthly temperature is in the range[26-28]℃(and dengue burden decreases for mean monthly temperature values above 28℃).Thus,this study suggests that anti-dengue control efforts should be intensified during the period when this temperature range is recorded in the Chiang Mai province(this occurs between June and August).

关键词： Dengue vertical transmission Temperature Stability Reproduction number

Mathematical model of Zika virus with vertical transmission

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2017年第2期2卷 244-267页

作者： F.B.Agusto S.Bewick W.F.Fagan Department of Ecology&Evolutionary Biology University of KansasLawrenceKS 66045United States Department of Biology University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742United States

Zika is a flavivirus transmitted to humans through either the bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes or sexual transmission.Zika has been linked to congenital anomalies such as microcephaly.In this paper,we analyze a new system of ordinary differential equations which incorporates human vertical transmission of Zika virus,the birth of babies with microcephaly and asymptomatically infected individuals.The Zika model is locally and globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is less than unity.Our model shows that asymptomatic individuals amplify the disease burden in the community,and the most important parameters for ZIKV spread are the death rate of mosquitoes,the mosquito biting rate,the mosquito recruitment rate,and the transmission per contact to mosquitoes and to adult humans.Scenario exploration indicates that personal-protection is a more effective control strategy than mosquito-reduction strategy.It also shows that delaying conception reduces the number of microcephaly cases,although this does little to prevent Zika transmission in the broader community.However,by coupling aggressive vector control and personal protection use,it is possible to reduce both microcephaly and Zika transmission.2000 Mathematics Subject Classifications:92B05,93A30,93C15.

关键词： Zika virus vertical transmission Microcephaly Stability Control