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Reduced temporal activation during a verbal fluency test in clinical high risk of psychosis: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based study

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General Psychiatry 2022年第2期35卷 101-108页

作者： Yanyan Wei Xiaochen Tang Tingyu Zhang Wenjun Su Lihua Xu Huiru Cui Zhenying Qian Tianhong Zhang Jijun Wang EEG and Neuroimaging Department Shanghai Mental Heath Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University ShenzhenChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders Shanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology(CEBSIT) Chinese Academy of ScienceShanghaiChina Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science ShanghaiJiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Background Clinical high risk(CHR)of psychosis is a state in which positive symptoms cause the subjects distress but do not approach a severity level that fulfils the criteria for a psychotic episode.CHR exhibits cognitive deficits;however,the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate whether brain activation measured by the levels of oxygenated hemoglobin(oxy-Hb)in CHR subjects could be correlated with cognitive deficits.Methods Fifty-eight CHR individuals who fulfilled the criteria for attenuated positive syndrome as specified in the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndrome(SIPS)and the Scale of Prodromal Syndrome(SOPS)and 58 age-and sex-matched healthy participants were included in the study.All subjects completed the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia(MATRICS)Consensus Cognitive Battery(MCCB)that includes tests measuring attention,verbal memory,verbal fluency,executive function,and general intelligence.Functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)was used to measure the level of oxy-Hb in the dorsolateral prefrontal and frontotemporal cortices.Results We observed significantly decreased oxy-Hb levels in channel 32(located in the right superior temporal gyrus,rSTG)within the CHR individuals compared with that in the healthy controls(HCs)(t=−3.44,Bonferroni-corrected p=0.002),indicating lower brain activity.A significant positive correlation was observed between task-relatedβvalues and working memory in the CHR group(r=0.35,p=0.008).Conclusions The brain activation of rSTG is abnormal among subjects at clinicial high risk for psychosis.This abnormality is probably associated with the neural mechanisms of deficits in the working memory during the early stage of psychosis.

关键词： distress activation verbal

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Brain function differences in drug-nave first-episode auditory verbal hallucination-schizophrenia patients with versus without insight

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第18期132卷 2199-2205页

作者： Min Chen Chuan-Jun Zhuo Feng Ji Gong-Ying Li Xiao-Yan Ke Department of Psychiatry School of Mental Health Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272000 China Department of Psychiatry Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu 210029 China Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics-Comorbidity Laboratory (PNGC Lab) Tianjin Mental Health Centre Mental Health Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin Anding Hospital Tianjin 300222 China

Background:Few studies have reported brain function differences in drug-na(i)ve first-episode schizophrenia patients who had auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) with insight vs.those without insight.This study aimed to investigate brain function differences between drug-naive first-episode AVH-schizophrenia patients with and without insight.Methods:Forty first-episode drug-naive AVH-schizophrenia patients with or without insight and 40 healthy controls between December 2016 and December 2018 were recruited in this study.The auditory hallucinations rating scale (AHRS) was used to assess AVH severity,while the insight and treatment attitudes questionnaire was used to distinguish insight.The global functional connectivity density (gFCD) between different groups was compared using a voxel-wise one-way analysis of covariance.The relationship between gFCD and AHRS total scores were analyzed using voxel-wise multiple regression.Results:Finally,13 first-episode drug-naive AVH-schizophrenia patients with insight,15 AVH-schizophrenia patients without insight,and 20 healthy controls were included for analysis.Except for global assessment of functioning scores,there were no significant differences in sociodemographic information between the AVH-schizophrenia and healthy groups (P > 0.05).Compared to the healthy controls,AVH-schizophrenia patients with insight demonstrated a decreased gFCD in the supramarginal gyrus within the primary auditory cortex,while those without insight demonstrated an increased gFCD in the inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus and decreased gFCD in the supplemental motor area.Compared to the AVH-schizophrenia patients with insight,those without insight demonstrated an increased gFCD in the supra-marginal gyrus and posterior superior temporal lobule and a decreased gFCD in the frontal lobe.No significant correlation between gFCD and AVH severity (AHRS total score:r =0.23,P =0.590;and frequency:r =0.42,P =0.820) was found in both AVH-schizophrenia groups.Condusions:The gFCD-aberrant brain

关键词： Auditory verbal hallucinations Schizophrenia Insight Global functional connectivity density

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Impaired brain white matter and functional networks in healthy individuals with auditory verbal hallucinations

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第5期132卷 606-608页

作者： Xiao-Dong Lin De-Guo Jiang Lang-Lang Cheng Ce Chen Chong-Guang Lin Chuan-Jun Zhuo Department of Psychiatry Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory Wenzhou seventh People's Hospital WenzhouZhejiang 325000China Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory Tianjin Mental Health Centre Tianjin Anding HospitalTianjin 300222China

To the Editor:Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are experienced concomitantly with various neuropsychiatric diagnoses including schizophrenia,bipolar disorder,major depression disorder,post-traumatic stress disord... 详细信息

关键词： brain white matter functional networks auditory verbal hallucinations

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Evaluating the quality of evidence for diagnosing ischemic heart disease from verbal autopsy in Indonesia

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World Journal of Cardiology 2019年第10期11卷 244-255页

作者： Wenrong Zhang Yuslely Usman Retno Widyastuti Iriawan Merry Lusiana Sha Sha Matthew Kelly Chalapati Rao Department of Global Heath Research School of Population HealthAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT 2602Australia National Agency for Health Research and Development Ministry of HealthJakarta 10110Indonesia

BACKGROUND Mortality and cause of death data are fundamental to health policy development.Civil Registration and Vital Statistics systems are the ideal data source,but the system is still under development in Indonesia.A national Sample Registration System(SRS)has provided nationally representative mortality data from 128 subdistricts since 2014.verbal autopsy(VA)is used in the SRS to obtain causes of death.The quality of VA data must be evaluated as part of the SRS data quality assessment.AIM To assess the strength of evidence used in the assignment of Ischaemic Heart Disease(IHD)as causes of death from VA.METHODS The sample frame for this study is the 4,070 deaths that had IHD assigned as the underlying cause in the SRS 2016 database.From these,400 cases were randomly selected.A data extraction form and data entry template were designed to collect relevant data about IHD from VA questionnaires.A standardised categorisation was designed to assess the strength of evidence used to infer IHD as a cause of death.A pilot test of 50 cases was carried out.IBM SPSS software was used in this study.RESULTS Strong evidence of IHD as a cause of death was assigned based on surgery for coronary heart disease,chest pain and two out of:sudden death,history of heart disease,medical diagnosis of heart disease,or terminal shortness of breath.More than half(53%)of the questionnaires contained strong evidence.For deaths outside health facilities,VA questionnaires for male deaths contained acceptable evidence in significantly higher proportions as compared to those for female deaths.(P<0.001).Nearly half of all IHD deaths were concentrated in the 50-69 year age group(48.40%),and a further 36.10%were aged 70 years or more.Nearly two-thirds of the deceased were male(58.40%).Smoking behaviour was found in 44.11%of IHD deaths,but this figure was 73.82%among males.CONCLUSION More than half of the VA questionnaires from the study sample were found to contain strong evidence to infer IHD as the cause of death.Results from medical records su

关键词： verbal autopsy Data quality evaluation Mortality Cause of death

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verbal Short-Term Memory as Language Predictor in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2020年第5期10卷 200-219页

作者： Ioanna Talli Department of Italian Language and Literature Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece

verbal short-term memory (vSTM) has been shown to be associated with language development in typical and atypical populations. In this study, we investigated cognitive and language skills in 33 school-aged children with ASD (6 - 12 years old) with both typical and low levels of intelligence (18 with typical non-verbal IQ [>80 in Raven] and 15 with low non-verbal IQ [p p verbal IQ and vSTM, syntactic production was predicted by vSTM and picture comprehension was predicted by non-verbal IQ. Conversely, expressive vocabulary could predict non-verbal IQ, vSTM, immediate visual memory, delayed visual memory, and visual information recall. It seems that vSTM is a strong predictor of language skills for children with ASD, just like it is for other typical and atypical populations. Finally, dissociations exist in individual performances between non-verbal IQ and memory on the one hand and language skills (expressive vocabulary, syntactic production) on the other hand. We discuss the significance of these findings in terms of previous results reported in ASD literature as well as in terms of clinical implications and intervention in ASD individuals.

关键词： Autism Spectrum Disorder Language Skills Cognitive Skills verbal Short-Term Memory

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verbal Assistance within the Context of an IADL Evaluation

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Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2014年第4期2卷 182-198页

作者： Guylaine Le Dorze Judith Villeneuve Anna Zumbansen Michèle Masson-Trottier Carolina Bottari School of Speech-Language Therapy and Audiology Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal Montreal Canada Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal Montreal Canada Occupational Therapy Program School of Rehabilitation Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal Montreal Canada

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the types of verbal assistance that facilitate task progression in individuals with cognitive deficits secondary to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Two individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI needing verbal assistance to complete the “Obtaining Information task” of the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Profile were selected. A qualitative conversational analysis was conducted on the complete verbatim of the interactions that occurred between the evaluator and each participant while planning how they would find the information. The evaluator provided the least possible assistance to observe the maximal levels of independence of each individual. Results and Outcomes: Six types of verbal assistance, offered in response to each participant’s specific problems, facilitated goal formulation for finding information: restarting, scaffolding, cueing, action priming, offer of a strategy, and explicit advice. Explicit advice that involved the therapist thinking for the person was only provided after numerous other types of more implicit assistance had failed to facilitate task progression. Conclusions: Therapists can facilitate task-related goal formulation and attainment in individuals with cognitive limitations using several types of well-adjusted verbal assistance.

关键词： Traumatic Brain Injury verbal Assistance Qualitative Analysis IADL

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Module 3 Body Language and No-verbal Communication 跟踪导练(一)

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时代英语（高一版） 2022年第2期 36-45,77,78页

阅读理解.Kenneth Smith,from Fort Worth,Texas,was driven from his apartment four years ago.He had been experiencing homelessness up until earlier this year,when the kindness of strangers saw him through rough times.Smith was sitting outside of the Outback Steak house in Fort Worth one day and had fallen asleep when a stranger tapped him on the shoulder to ask if he was OK.When he replied that he was starving,she told him to wait there and went inside the restaurant.“I thought she was going in to call the police on me.”Smith said,“But she came back out and gave me a gift card of$100.She told me to go in and have a meal.”

关键词：导练 verbal restaurant

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The Effect of Customer verbal Aggression on Burnout in Frontline Employees in Hotels and Travel Agencies: The Moderating Role of Perceived Supervisor Support

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Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management 2018年第6期6卷 291-303页

作者： Jailan M. El Demerdash Heba M. Said Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt

This study aimed to assess the effect of customer verbal aggression(CVA)on job burnout(JB)in frontline employee in both hotels and travel agencies,trying to reveal if there is a difference between both sectors in this context.The study additionally tested the moderation role of perceived supervisor support(PSS)in the relation between customer verbal aggression and burnout in hotels and travel agencies.Two versions of the questionnaire were distributed online.The first among hotels employees and the second was addressed to travel agencies employees;613 were retrieved and analyzed using the version of Spss 23.0.The results showed a significant difference among the level of customer verbal aggression,job burnout,and perceived supervisor support in hotels and travel agencies.Although there was a significant relation between customer verbal aggression and job burnout among frontline employees in both settings,this relationship was moderated by PSS in hotels but not in travel agencies.Eventually,the study concludes with recommendations and practical managerial implications in this regard and it can be considered as a first step for helping practitioners to efficiently manage such a phenomenon.

关键词： customer verbal aggression(CVA) job burnout(JB) perceived supervisor support(PSS) travel agencies hotels frontline employees

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CONTEXT AND MEANING IN verbal COMMUNICATION

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大观周刊 2011年第39期 13-15页

作者：杨扬胡甬杭州电子科技大学杭州浙江310019

This paper aims to study context,which is observed in static context and dynamic context,and to study meaning,which is dealt with in static meaning and dynamic meaning.The paper points out that the static and dynamic of context and meaning existing relatively in the English language and in our communication.According to the dynamic and static characteristics of meaning and contexts,we discussed the effect of context on meaning in several areaa,and found that:context works in the meanings of discourse and the meaning of written significance,the role of the context playing in meaning of the discourse surpasses the role in the meaning of written significance,meaning is inseparable from context.

关键词： context meaning verbal communication

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Audiovisual Multimedia Combined with Standard, verbal, Informed Consent;Enhancing the Satisfaction and Comprehension of Surgical Patients: A Comparative Trial in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomies at the HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center, Thailand

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Surgical Science 2012年第8期3卷 393-398页

作者： Wuttichai Thanapongsathorn Chayapa Imchit Jilapon Phunya HRH Princess MahaChakriSirindhorn Medical Center Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Srinakharinwirot University Nakorn-Nayok Thailand

Objective: A comparative study of the audiovisual, multimedia, informed consent procedure enhancing the satisfaction and comprehension in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients within the contexts of the Thai culture. Methods: A prospective, comparative trial was done in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomies at the HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center in Thailand. Before the procedure, all patients who met the selection criteria and agreed to participate in the study by signing the proper consent forms were placed into 2 groups. G1 (group 1) was informed with the standard verbal informed consent and G2 (group 2) was informed with audiovisual multimedia in the form of a DVD in collaboration with the standard, verbal, informed consent procedure. The patients were interviewed by a nurse, using a checklist type of questionnaire, as to their satisfaction and comprehension of the procedure on the day of discharge. Results: In the period of June 2010 through December 2010, 60 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomies and who had met the conditions of research were included in our study. There were 30 patients in each group. The average satisfaction score in G1 was 3.12 out of a total of 5 and in G2 was 4.51 of 5 (P verbal, informed consent process enhanced the satisfaction and the comp

关键词： Audiovisual Multimedia Informed Consent Standard verbal Informed Consent Surgical Patient’s Satisfaction Comprehension

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