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Voltammetric determination of venlafaxine as an antidepressant drug employing Gd_2O_3 nanoparticles graphite screen printed electrode

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Journal of Rare Earths 2019年第3期37卷 322-328页

作者： Hadi Beitollahi Shohreh Jahani Somayeh Tajik Mohammad Reza Ganjali Farnoush Faridbod Taher Alizadeh Environment Department Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences Graduate University of Advanced Technology NanoBioElectrochemistry Research Center Bam University of Medical Sciences Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry School of Chemistry College of Science University of Tehran Biosensor Research Center Endocrinology & Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry College of Science University of Tehran

Graphite screen printed electrode modified with Gd_2 O_3 nanoparticles(Gd_2 O_3/SPE) was developed for the determination of venlafaxine(VF). The Gd_2 O_3 nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) analyses. To study the electrochemical behaviour of venlafaxine cyclic voltammetry(CV), chronoamperometry(CHA)and differential pulse voltammetry(DPV) were employed. These studies reveal that the oxidation of venlafaxine is facilitated at Gd_2 O_3/SPE. After optimization of analytical conditions, analysis of venlafaxine using the modified electrode in 0.1 mol/L PBS(pH 7.0) demonstrates that the peak currents corresponding to venlafaxine vary linearly with its concentration in the range of 5.0 ×10^(-6)-9.0 × 10^(-4) mol/L. The detection limit(S/N = 3) of 2.1 × 10^(-7) mol/L is obtained for venlafaxine using DPV. The prepared modified electrode benefits from advantages such as simple preparation method, high sensitivity and low detection ***, the evaluation of practical applicability of this proposed method is successful in the identification of venlafaxine in pharmaceutical formulations, urine and water samples.

关键词： venlafaxine Gd2O3 nanoparticles Electrochemical techniques Screen printed electrode Rare earths

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Long-term follow-up of a patient with venlafaxine-induced diurnal bruxism treated with an occlusal splint:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第4期7卷 516-524页

作者： Jia-Min Chen Ying Yan Department of Prosthodontics Guanghua School of StomatologyHospital of Stomatology Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology

BACKGROUND Bruxism is a jaw-muscle activity characterized by the clenching or grinding of teeth. It can be divided into nocturnal bruxism and diurnal bruxism(DB). DB secondary to antidepressants is rare and refractory. Reports associated with antidepressant-induced DB are mostly anecdotal without long-term *** effect of drug intervention on antidepressant-induced DB is still *** herein report the first case of successful treatment of venlafaxine-induced DB with an occlusal *** SUMMARY This case report describes detailed 7-year follow-up of a patient with venlafaxineinduced DB treated with an occlusal splint. The patient who complained about involuntary daytime tooth grinding after taking venlafaxine for a period of 4 mo and was diagnosed with venlafaxine-induced DB. Subsequently, an occlusal splint with modified bilateral buccal-pterygoid pads was used to treat his tooth grinding and to protect the dental structures from tooth wearing. The patient reported remission of symptoms after several months of treatment. His grinding activity was gradually and stably controlled after 2 years, with an almost complete recovery from DB after 6 *** The maxillary buccal-pterygoid splint can be used as a noninvasive approach to treat venlafaxine-induced DB.

关键词： Occlusal splint venlafaxine Diurnal bruxism Tooth grinding Movement disorders Treatment Case report

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Tunable and sustained-release characteristics of venlafaxine hydrochloride from chitosan–carbomer matrix tablets based on in situ formed polyelectrolyte complex film coating

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018年第6期13卷 566-574页

作者： Xiaofei Zhang Xiangqin Gu Xiaodan Wang Huimin Wang Shirui Mao School of Pharmacy Shenyang Pharmaceutical University

The objective of this study is to design sustained-release tablets using matrix technology, which can well control the release of highly water-soluble drugs with good system robustness and simple preparation process. Taking venlafaxine hydrochloride(VH) as a drug model, the feasibility of using chitosan(CS), carbomer(CBM) combination system to achieve this goal was studied. Formulation and process variables influencing drug release from CS–CBM matrix tablets were investigated. It was found that CS–CBM combination system weakened the potential influence of CS, CBM material properties and gastric emptying time on drug release profile. Demonstrated by direct observation, differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), in situ self-assembled polyelectrolyte complex(PEC) film was formed on the tablet surface during gastrointestinal tract transition, which contributed to the tunable and robust control of drug release. The sustained drug release behavior was further demonstrated in vivo in Beagle dogs, with level A in vitro and in vivo correlation(IVIVC) established successfully. In conclusion, CS–CBM matrix tablets are promising system to tune and control the release of highly water-soluble drugs with good system robustness.

关键词： venlafaxine hydrochloride Polyelectrolyte complex Sustained-release Robustness Pharmacokinetic

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Effect of Chinese herb Danzhi Xiaoyao pills on pharmacokinetics of venlafaxine in beagles

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2019年第10期 818-819页

作者： ZHU Yong-liang LI Shuang-long WU Meng-yuan QIU Xiang-jun Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Chinese herb Danzhi Xiaoyao pil s on the pharmacokinetics of venlafaxine and its metabolites O-desmethylvenlafaxine（ODV） and N-desmethylvenlafaxine（NDV） in beagles by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS）. METHODS Six beagles（half male, half female） were chosen to test, being fasted before the experiment but having free access to drinking water one day before fed drugs. After oral administration of venlafaxine hydrochloride tablets(10.28 mg·kg-1), the blood samples were collected in succession at different points in time. After one-week washout period, Danzhi Xiaoyao pills(0.6 g·kg-1) were given through oral administration to the six beagles every morning until the seventh day, venlafaxine hydrochloride tablets(10.28 mg · kg-1)were given after feeding Danzhi Xiaoyao pills(0.6 g·kg-1)half an hour and blood samples were collected continuously at different points. All samples were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS, and the main pharmacokinetic parameters of venlafaxine, ODV and NDV were computed by DAS 2.0. RESULTS The Cmaxof the venlafaxine group（control group） and the combination group（experimental group） were（2267.26 ± 252.89） μg· L-1and（1542.64 ±190.73） μg· L-1, respectively. The AUC（0-∞）of the two groups were（13934.79±3609.23） μg·h·L-1and（8001.91±2167.58） μg·h·L-1, respectively. The ODV Cmaxof the two groups were（2253.80 ± 215.81） μg· L-1and（2721.37 ±118.20） μg· L-1, and AUC（0-∞）were（13974.99 ± 2784.04）μg·h·L-1and（17539.44±1894.29） μg·h·L-1, *** NDV Cmaxof the two groups were（50.98±5.76） μg·L-1and（58.74±12.33） μg·L-1, and AUC（0-∞）were（179.26±34.94） μg·h-1·L-1and（220.68±51.41） μg·h-1·L-1, respectively. After administration of Danzhi Xiaoyao pills, the Cmaxand AUC（0-∞）of venlafaxine decreased significantly,indicating that the plasma exposure of venlafaxine decreased. The increase of Cmaxand AUC（0-∞）of ODV and NDV indicated a rise in plasma exposure. CONCLUSION Danzhi Xiaoyao pill

关键词： beagle UPLC-MS/MS Danzhi Xiaoyao Pills venlafaxine ODV NDV drug-drug interaction

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Development and Optimization of venlafaxine Hydrochloride Sustained Release Triple Layer Tablets Adopting Quality by Design Approach

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2013年第3期4卷 9-16页

作者： Shital Bhavin Butani Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Institute of Pharmacy Nirma University Ahmedabad India

Purpose:venlafaxine hydrochloride sustained release formulation increases patient compliance by reducing frequency of administration and it also reduces side effects like nausea and vomiting. Hence the objective of present investigation was to develop triple layer sustained release tablets of venlafaxine HCl using xanthan gum or polyethylene oxide. Methods:The venlafaxine HCl 150 mg sustained release tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique where drug was incorporated in middle layer with part of polymer. The barrier layers were composed of remaining polymer and other excipients. The granules and tablets were characterised. Optimized batches were also tested for drug release at different pH and in presence of ethanol, for kinetics of drug release and for water uptake/swelling. Results: Preliminary trials of monolayer tablet showed burst release due to high dose and solubility of venlafaxine HCl and hence triple layer tablets were developed. Granules of middle layer exhibited good flow properties. The comparative drug release to Effexor? XR capsule 150 mg could be achieved by modulating the concentration of polymer and diluents in middle layer as well as in barrier layers. Higher amount of polyethylene oxide was required as compared to xanthan gum which may be due to high water uptake and poor gel strength of polyethylene oxide. The optimized formulations showed pH independent drug release as well as ethanol had no effect on drug release. Effexor? XR capsule and optimized batches followed Weibull kinetics for drug release. The radar diagrams showed the comparable drug release to innovator in both the optimized formulations but point to point correlation was observed in batch with xanthan gum. Conclusion: The layered matrix tablets formulated successfully using hydrophilic polymers, xanthan gum or polyethylene oxide, to sustain the release of highly soluble drug like venlafaxine HCl.

关键词： venlafaxine HCl Polyethylene Oxide Xanthan Gum Triple Layered Tablets

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Overdose of venlafaxine with Mild Outcome

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2012年第4期3卷 327-329页

作者： Matthias Fischer Stefan Unterecker Bruno Pfuhlmann University of Wuerzburg Department of Psychiatry Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy Wuerzburg Germany

The antidepressant venlafaxine in overdose can lead to serotonin syndrome, seizures, QTc interval prolongation and can increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmias. It has been reported to be more toxic in overdose than other new antidepressants. We report a case of venlafaxine intoxication with a venlafaxine/O-desmethylvenlafaxine serum level of 2861/2670 ng/mL 22 h after ingestion. This is one of the so far highest survived venlafaxin serum levels. In contrast to other reported survived venlafaxin overdoses with high serum levels no clinical signs of intoxication were observed in our case. So venlafaxine overdose not necessarily leads to life-threatening signs of intoxication.

关键词： venlafaxine Intoxication Overdose Drug Monitoring

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Biochemical mechanism studies of venlafaxine by metabonomic method in rat model of depression

Biochemical mechanism studies of venlafaxine by metabonomic ...

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共铸医药学术新文明——2012年广东省药师周大会

作者： Su Fenli~(1,2),Wang Feng~1,Zhu Ronghua~1,Li Huande~(1*) 1.Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology Research Institute,Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University,Changsha 410011,P.R China 2.Department of Pharmacy,First Affiliated Hospital,Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510405,PR China

Backbround:venlafaxine is a new antidepressant that has a chemical structure and neuropharmacologic profile distinct from those of existing *** studies about the mechanism of pharmacological action of venlafaxine mostly investigated the effects of venlafaxine on 5-HT,NE and DA levels,while only few studies examined the effects on the metabolites levels and ratio of these monoamines neurotransmitters. Aim:To study the biochemical mechanism of venlafaxine through determining the metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters in brain tissues of rat model of depression after administration of venlafaxine using metabonomic method. Materials and methods:The rat model of depression was established by using the methods of separation and chronic unpredictable *** determination of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT),norepinephrine(NE),dopamine(DA) and their metabolites,i.e., 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid(5-HIAA),4-hrdroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol(MHPG) sulfate, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid(DOPAC) and homovanillic acid(HVA) in rat brain tissues by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) following chronic administration of different venlafaxine doses(8,16,32 ***) and saline solution for 14 *** discriminant analysis(LDA) and principal components analysis(PCA) were used in data analysis of metabonomic. Results:Compared with saline,venlafaxine could significantly increase brain 5-HT and NE levels at middle dose(16 ***) or high dose(32 ***),especially at middle *** increases were greater than those seen with the comparable dose of SSRI,fluoxetine,under the same experimental conditions. Conclusion:venlafaxine lower brain neurotransmitter metabolite levels by decreasing brain neurotransmitters *** could correct the disorder of neurotransmitters’ metabolism and coordinate the balance of 5-HT,NE and DA to reach the anti-depressed function.

关键词： venlafaxine depression model neurotransmitter metabonomics

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Early improvement predicts 8-week treatment outcome in patients with generalized anxiety disorder treated with Escitalopram or venlafaxine

Early improvement predicts 8-week treatment outcome in patie...

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2014浙江省医学会精神病学分会学术年会、浙江省医师协会精神科医师分会第七届年会

作者： Mincai Qian Zhongxia Shen Min Lin Tiefeng Guan Jianhong Yang Liang Li Xinhua shen Yonggui Yuan Department of Neurosis and Psychosomatic Diseases.Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital Department of Neuropsychiatry Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital Medical School of Southeast University

Objective To investigate whether early improvement can predict 8-week treatment outcome in patients with generalized anxiety disorder(GAD) treated with escitalopram or *** 226 GAD patients were randomly assigned to receive either escitalopram or venlafaxine for 8 *** severity of the disease was evaluated with Hamilton anxiety rating scale(HAMA) and Hamilton depression rating scale(HAMD) at baseline and at the end of the 1st,2ed,4th,and 8th week,*** improvement was defined as a ≧ 20%reduction from baseline in HAMA score at week 1 or 2,remission as the HAMA score of ￡7,response as a≧ 50%reduction from baseline in HAMA score,and nonresponse as a venlafaxine-treated patients,the positive and negative predictive value of the early improvement at week 1 were 84.62%and 65.33%,and that at week 2 were 59.21%and 88.00%,*** The early improvement achieved within the first week of escitalopram or venlafaxine treatment can predict a good 8-week treatment outcome in GAD patients.

关键词： Generalized anxiety disorder escitalopram venlafaxine efficacy early improvement

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venlafaxine、三唑酮治疗重性抑郁症

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国际精神病学杂志 1995年第1期22卷 52-53页

作者：高剑峰

Ｖｅｎｌａｆａｘｉｎｅ、三唑酮治疗重性抑郁症【英】／ＣｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍＬＡ…ＪＣｌｉｎＰｓｙｃｈｏｐｈａｒｍａｃｏｌ－１９９４，１４（２）：－９９～１０６Ｖｅｎｌａｆａｘｉｎｅ是一结构独特、疗效肯定的苯基六氢吡啶类... 详细信息

Ｖｅｎｌａｆａｘｉｎｅ、三唑酮治疗重性抑郁症【英】／ＣｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍＬＡ…ＪＣｌｉｎＰｓｙｃｈｏｐｈａｒｍａｃｏｌ－１９９４，１４（２）：－９９～１０６Ｖｅｎｌａｆａｘｉｎｅ是一结构独特、疗效肯定的苯基六氢吡啶类抗抑郁药。动物实验表明，该药能抑制...

关键词：重性抑郁症安慰剂空白剂 venlafaxine 三唑酮

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一种杂环类抗抑郁新药venlafaxine

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国外医学（药学分册） 1996年第2期23卷 70-75页

作者：李焕德李革晖湖南医科大学附属第二医院长沙410011 广西区南溪山医院桂林541002

传统的三环类抗抑郁药（TCA）和单胺氧化酶抑制剂（MAOI）常引起许多不良反应，如镇静、失眠、体位性低血压、尿潴留、恶心、呕吐及与食物的相互作用。理想的新型抗抑郁药疗效应与当前使用的药物相当，且无因不良反应而导致的不顺从用... 详细信息

传统的三环类抗抑郁药（TCA）和单胺氧化酶抑制剂（MAOI）常引起许多不良反应，如镇静、失眠、体位性低血压、尿潴留、恶心、呕吐及与食物的相互作用。理想的新型抗抑郁药疗效应与当前使用的药物相当，且无因不良反应而导致的不顺从用药问题。venlafaxine在抗抑郁作用方面与TCA，MAOI，选择性5－HT重摄取抑制剂相当，但其抗胆碱能、肾上腺素能和组胺能的不良反应轻微，因此美国食品和药品管理局（FDA）已正式批准投放市场。本文对venlafaxine的药理学、药效学、药动学、临床应用研究及其安全性和不良反应进行了介绍。

关键词： venlafaxine 抗抑郁药抑郁症药代动力学

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