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valuation of forest carbon sinks in China within the framework of the system of national accounts

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第6期27卷 1321-1328页

作者： Ying Zhang Jiancheng Chen Mingxing Hu Armin Offer School of Economics and Management Beijing Forestry University Department of Forest valuation State Forest Enterprise Hessen-Forst

To better promote forest resource management and strengthen the development of forest carbon sink marketization, this paper studied the accounting of forest carbon sinks from 2003 to 2008 based on a system of national accounts （SNA） and data from the latest forest resources inventory in China. The study calculated the value of forest carbon stocks at a total of RMB 817.13 × 10^9 yuan in 2003 and RMB 839.93×10^9 yuan in 2008, with an average annual increase of 0.55 % from an increase in physical carbon sinks. The total value of forest carbon sinks in 2003 and 2008 was RMB 26.73×10^9 yuan and RMB 29.77×10^9 yuan, respectively, with an average annual growth of 2.18 %. From 2003 to 2008, both stock and flow value of forest carbon sinks increased, but the total net flow value of carbon sinks decreased. The growth rate for the environmentally adjusted Gross Domestic Product （eaGDP） for China＇s forest carbon sinks was 17.23 %, outstripping the average growth rate of 9.5 % for the GDP during the same period. The study alsoindicates that China＇s forest carbon sinks affects the GDP in the range of 0.25-0.26 %, and its economic potential is not relatively huge.

关键词： Carbon sequestration market China Economic development System of national accounts valuation

valuation Characteristics of Linear Transformations on R^2

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2019年第6期24卷 485-492页

作者： WANG Zhenxin GUO Qi Department of Mathematics Suzhou University of Science and Technology

In this paper,we study the Minkowski valuations on the set of 1 or 2 dimensional convex bodies compatible with a linear transformation and translations in some *** first introduce a kind of compatibility that all linear transformations(as Minkowski valuations)possess ***,we show that,under some natural conditions,monotone Minkowski valuations with such compatibility are exactly linear *** we obtain a valuation characterization of linear transformations on Euclidean 1 or 2-spaces.

关键词： Minkowski valuation linear translation translations convex body

A universal theory of measure and integral on valuation spaces with respect to diverse implication operators

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2000年第6期43卷 586-594页

作者：王国俊 Institute of Mathematics Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China

valuation spaces with respect to diverse implication operators are investigated in a unified way where the Lebesgue measure is a commonly used measure, and it is proved that all the logic formulas are measurable functions with respect to popularly used implication operations. The concept of t-(α-tautology) is introduced and rules of generalized modus ponens (MP) and hypothetic syllogism (HS) are established in the sense of semantics. The concept of truth degree of a logic formula is introduced and rules of integral MP and integral HS are proposed. Finally, a kind of pseudo-metric is introduced to the set consisting of all logic formulas by establishing a universal logical metric space, making it possible to develop a new type of approximate reasoning arise.

关键词： implication operator valuation space Lebesgue measure and integral t(α-tautology) truth de-gree universal logical metric space approximate reasoning.

Informed Trading, Heterogeneity Investment, Liquidity Shocks and the valuation of Credit Default Swaps

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2016年第1期21卷 69-80页

作者：杨星范纯李刚 College of Economics Jinan University Institute of Finance Yuexiu Financial Holdings Group Co. Ltd.

This paper explores the effect of informed trading, heterogeneity investment and liquidity shocks on the valuation of credit default swaps(CDSs). Under the condition of asymmetric information, the informed trading plays an important role in the valuation of CDS. Instruction order flow has a significant influence on CDS *** the scope of influence changes in accordance with different time interval, company status and the size of bid-ask spread. Heterogeneity of investors seriously affects the market liquidity and subsequently affects the CDS price. The bigger heterogeneity of the investment philosophy, investment habits, investment preference and so on is the bigger risk for market liquidity, and the higher price for CDS shall be. On the contrary, the conclusion is also consistent. The effectiveness of liquidity, whether it is before or after the financial crisis, dominates the fluctuation of CDS price. The premium of liquidity accounts for 36% to 50% of the CDS price.

关键词： informed trading heterogeneity investment liquidity shocks valuation of credit default swaps

Time-risk Discount valuation of Life Contracts

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2003年第4期19卷 647-662页

作者： Dian-faChen GeorgeXiang SchoolofMathematics NankaiuniversityTianjin300071China LoomisSayles&Company L.P.OneFinancialCenterBoston02111USA

In this paper a new approach is developed to value life insurance contracts by means of the method of backward stochastic differential equation. Such a valuation may relax certain market limitations. Following this approach, the values of single decrement policies are studied and Thiele's-type PDEs for general life insurance contracts are derived.

关键词： valuation policy martingale backward stochastic differential equation

Real Option and valuation of CNOOC Ltd

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Petroleum Science 2005年第3期2卷 85-88页

作者： Hao Hong Zheng Shimin Wang Zhen School of Business Administration China University of Petroleum ChinaBeijing102249

This paper introduces a real option approach to valuation of oil companies and uses the real option pricing model to value CNOOC Ltd. at the time of its IPO. The empirical result shows that the option pricing value of... 详细信息

关键词： Real option valuation oil & gas reserves CNOOC Ltd

valuation Model for Adding Energy Resource into Autonomous Energy Cluster

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2013年第5期4卷 417-427页

作者： Ewoud de Kok Ebisa Negeri Ad van Wijk Nico Baken Future Energy Systems Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands Network Architectures and Services Delft Uni- versity of Technology Delft The Netherlands

With the availability of distributed generation (DG), clusters that can autonomously manage their energy profile are emerging in the power grid. These autonomous clusters manage their load profiles by orchestrating their energy resources, such as DG, storage, flexible energy consuming appliances, etc. The performance of such an autonomous cluster depends on the composition of its energy resources. In this paper, we study how the performance of a cluster is affected by adding energy resources such as generating units, storage systems or consuming appliances. First, we characterize the energy resources by parameters that describe their relevant properties. Afterwards, we describe a comprehensive set of performance indicators of a cluster that capture the economical, environmental, and social aspects. We present a model that shows how the energy resources influence the performance indicators of the cluster. We have tested our model with a case study, revealing its effectiveness to evaluate the value added by an energy resource to a cluster.

关键词： Prosumer Autonomous Energy Clusters valuation Model

valuation of Mineral Resources in Selected Financial and Accounting Systems

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Natural Resources 2014年第9期5卷 496-506页

作者： Robert Uberman A.F. Modrzewski Kraków Academy Kraków Poland

The paper presents reviews of fundamental issues regarding valuation methodologies of mineral deposits: 1) recommended by mineral industry standards;2) used for disclosures in financial statements and 3) adopted in national statistics. A discussion of historical developments of various regulations is supplemented by characteristics of key valuation methods. Differences and similarities are analysed and compared to current practices. A special attention is given to certain distinctive issues which are not shared by most of other types of assets like inclusion of decommissioning and rehabilitation costs or consequences of long duration of investment phase.

关键词： Mineral Resources valuation Accounting for Mineral Assets valuation Codes

valuation of Trade Secret——Case Study of Pharmaceutical Industry

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Valuation of Trade Secret——Case Study of Pharmaceutical In...