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On the Tragic of Mrs. Bovary From the Perspective of utilitarianism

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Sino-US English Teaching 2019年第4期16卷 172-175页

作者： ZHANG Tian-yi JIA Xiao-yun University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China

Madame Bovary is a very famous work around the world. Many researches have been made on this great work from various aspects, such as female consciousness, love view, romanticism, and so on. The main character of this novel, Mrs. Bovary, blindly pursues her own business and finally leads to a tragic life. This kind of action is in line with the key point of utility. This article uses the principle of utilitarianism to analyze how it gradually puts Mrs. Bovary into abyss, aiming to express the perniciousness of utility towards people’s life and warn humans to stay away from utilitarian circles in this modern economic society.

关键词： Madame Bovary utilitarianism tragedy

Ethical decision-making in older drivers during critical driving situations: An online experiment

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Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles

Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles 2024年第1期7卷 30-37页

作者： Amandeep Singh Sarah Yahoodik Yovela Murzello Samuel Petkac Yusuke Yamani Siby Samuel Department of Systems Design Engineering University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L 3G1Canada Department of Psychology Old Dominion UniversityNorfolk 23529USA

The present study examined the impact of aging on ethical decision-making in simulated critical driving scenarios.204 participants from North America,grouped into two age groups(18–30 years and 65 years and above),were asked to decide whether their simulated automated vehicle should stay in or change from the current lane in scenarios mimicking the Trolley *** participant viewed a video clip rendered by the driving simulator at Old Dominion University and pressed the space-bar if they decided to intervene in the control of the simulated automated vehicle in an online *** hierarchical models were used to analyze participants’responses,response time,and acceptability of utilitarian ethical *** results showed significant pedestrian placement,age,and time-to-collision(TTC)effects on participants’ethical *** pedestrians were in the right lane,participants were more likely to switch lanes,indicating a utilitarian approach prioritizing pedestrian *** participants were more likely to switch lanes in general compared to older *** results imply that older drivers can maintain their ability to respond to ethically fraught scenarios with their tendency to switch lanes more frequently than younger counterparts,even when the tasks interacting with an automated driving *** current findings may inform the development of decision algorithms for intelligent and connected vehicles by considering potential ethical dilemmas faced by human drivers across different age groups.

关键词： ethical decision making age-differences utilitarianism moral dilemmas driver behavior simulated driving bayesian hierarchical model

British Multiculturalism and Its Evolution in a Utilitarian Perspective

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学术界 2017年第6期 272-281页

作者： Su Mingming Prum Michel School of Foreign Studies Capital University of Economics and Business Beijing 100070 School of EIIA Paris Diderot University Pads 7 Pads 75013

David Cameron' s speech in Munich(February 2011) has been seen as a U-turn of the British approach to ethnic minorities and diversity(particularly concerning Muslims and South Asians) and a clear rejection of multiculturalism,in the wake of the European terror attacks(Madrid 2004,London 2005).The heyday of multiculturalism is associated to Tony Blair' s Premiership(1997-2007) and more generally to New Labour rule(1997-2010).After defining multiculturalism this paper will try and put it in a historical and philosophical perspective,that is to say as one of the latest offshoots of utilitarianism within the general framework of Western *** Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill may help understand the notions of tolerance and political freedom that are part and parcel of the multicultural project.

关键词： utilitarianism Multiculturalism Liberal values

The Consolations of Boethius

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2014年第1期9卷 69-86页

作者： John Lamont Faculty of Theology and Philosophy Australian Catholic University Fitzroy Victoria 3065Australia

The paper considers the account of happiness given in Boethius＇s Consolations of Philosophy. This account claims that happiness requires security of possession, and argues from this requirement to the conclusion that worldly goods, which of their nature cannot be securely possessed, cannot provide happiness. This argument is shown to depend on assuming a life-driven account of human motivation, rather than a goods-driven account of human motivation. The life-driven account, according to which voluntary actions are ultimately motivated by the pursuit of a certain kind of life, is defended against the goods-driven account, according to which actions are motivated by the pursuit of goods the enjoyment of which can only be episodes in a human life. It is claimed that Boethius is right in holding a life-driven account, and that his account of happiness follows from it.

关键词： happiness hedonism utilitarianism virtue action Boethius,MacIntyre

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理性主义与功利主义大学理念的冲突与融合

高等教育 2006年第9期 28-34页

作者：刘宝存

理性主义与功利主义大学理念，是在理性主义与功利主义哲学的基础上产生与发展起来的大学理念。理性主义与功利主义在产生之初既有相互冲突和对立的一面，也有相互联系的一面，后来逐渐走向冲突和对立，但自20世纪中叶以来，又呈现出相... 详细信息

理性主义与功利主义大学理念，是在理性主义与功利主义哲学的基础上产生与发展起来的大学理念。理性主义与功利主义在产生之初既有相互冲突和对立的一面，也有相互联系的一面，后来逐渐走向冲突和对立，但自20世纪中叶以来，又呈现出相互融合的趋势。

关键词：理性主义功利主义大学理念 rationalism utilitarianism the idea of the university.

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高等教育功利化的超越

“共赢”vs.“牺牲”：道德消费叙述框架对消费者算法推荐信任的影响

高等教育 2000年第12期 18-20页

作者：王欣

高等教育不仅要从现实需要出发，服务于现实社会的发展，更要着眼于未来，着眼于作为社会主体的人的素质的提高与完善，强调高等教育超功利性的一面。

关键词：高等教育功利化超越学科建设 higher education utilitarianism transcend

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An Utilitarianist Reading of Criminal Law

市场营销（理论版） 2024年第5期

作者：徐岚陈全崔楠辜红

消费者在做出道德消费选择时，要面对丰富的道德产品，复杂地权衡功利利益和道德利益。算法决策推荐可以减轻道德消费决策的复杂性，但是消费者在涉及道德伦理的权衡决策中对算法存在不信任，因为算法是一种典型的以功利论来处理道德权... 详细信息

消费者在做出道德消费选择时，要面对丰富的道德产品，复杂地权衡功利利益和道德利益。算法决策推荐可以减轻道德消费决策的复杂性，但是消费者在涉及道德伦理的权衡决策中对算法存在不信任，因为算法是一种典型的以功利论来处理道德权衡问题的方式。本研究提出采用“共赢”(vs.“牺牲”)叙述框架对道德消费中的算法推荐信任有积极影响，消费者对功利论式道德观念的接受程度中介了上述积极效应。实验1发现“共赢”(vs.“牺牲”)叙述框架会增加消费者选择算法推荐的意愿。实验2验证了“共赢”(vs.“牺牲”)叙述框架对消费者算法推荐信任的正向影响，以及功利论式道德观念接受度的中介作用。实验3进一步识别了上述影响的边界条件，即道德消费的“共赢”(vs.“牺牲”)叙述框架仅会增强消费者对算法替代型决策推荐的信任，但是并不会改变消费者对于算法增强型决策推荐信任。

关键词：道德消费算法推荐道义论功利论框架效应 ethical consumption algorithmic recommendation deontology utilitarianism framing effect

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Sociology Study 2014年第4期4卷 348-359页

作者： Joao Paulo Orsini Martinelli Fluminense Federal University Rio de Janeiro Brazil

utilitarianism is the branch of philosophy that studies the usefulness of an idea. Among the possible gains and losses, the balance must be positive to reach the intended utility. Criminal law is the most repressive branch of legal system and therefore should be applied sparingly by the state. Its usefulness should be the protection of legal interests and minimal restriction of personal liberty. The lawmaker should seek the best way to achieve this utility with the choice of the most relevant legal interests and less repressive means before appealing to the criminal law. The legal interests protected by criminal law must be the most important ones for a social life in harmony and prohibited behaviors must be injurious or dangerous to those legal interests. The Rule of Law does not authorize criminal prohibitions without a minimum limit that allows citizens to behave according to their wishes, provided that does not harm the interests of other people. This is the calculation that legislator, judge, and interpreter should seek： more protection and less restriction to citizens.

关键词： utilitarianism legal interests personal liberty proportionality

Understanding the Ethical Theories in Medical Practice

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Open Journal of Nursing 2019年第2期9卷 188-193页

作者： Ahmed Bait Amer Sultan Qaboose University Hospital Muscat Oman

It is important to understand the basic of the ethical theories and how to utilize them to deal with the ethical dilemma in the medical practice. This article presents a brief review of three of famous philosophical theories of ethics, which may enrich our understanding and guide our behaviour in medical practice. Conclusion: There is no fully adequate moral theory which can singly explain all ethical or moral dilemmas and none of them also can singly explain all ethical or moral dilemmas.

关键词： Ethical Theory utilitarianism Teleology Deontology Principlism