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Deciphering codon usage patterns and evolutionary forces in chloroplast genes of Camellia sinensis var. assamica and Camellia sinensis var. sinensis in comparison to Camellia pubicosta

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第12期18卷 2771-2785页

作者： Sophiarani Yengkhom Arif Uddin Supriyo Chakraborty Department of Biotechnology Assam UniversitySilchar 788011AssamIndia Department of Zoology Moinul Hoque Choudhury Memorial Science CollegeAlgapurHailakandi 788150AssamIndia

Codon usage bias(CUB) is a unique property of genome which refers to non-random usage of synonymous codons in coding sequences. The present study makes an attempt to find out the pattern of CUB in chloroplast(cp) genes among three tea species, i.e., Camellia sinensis var. assamica(Assam tea), Camellia sinensis var. sinensis(Chinese tea) and Camellia pubicosta(wild tea species) as no work on CUB was reported earlier. To understand the patterns of codon usage among the cp genes of three tea groups, we used bioinformatic tools to investigate the protein coding sequences of cp genes. In our present study, the mean nucleobase T was the highest whereas C was the lowest in all the three tea groups. The overall AT content was more than GC content, i.e., genes were AT rich. The scaled chi-square(SCS) value indicated that the CUB of cp genes was low. The codon CGT(Arg) was over-represented in C. sinensis var. sinensis whereas GGA(Pro) was over-represented in C. pubicosta species. Heatmap study revealed that most of the GC ending codons showed positive correlations between codon usage and GC3 while AT ending codons exhibited negative correlations. From neutrality plot analysis, it was evident that natural selection had played a major role, while mutation pressure exerted a minor effect in the CUB of cp genes in three tea groups. Highly significant(Pusage order(SCUO) of cp genes which suggested that high expression of cp genes was associated with high degree of CUB.

关键词： Camellia sinensis var.assamica Camellia sinensis var.sinensis Camellia pubicosta chloroplast genes codon usage bias mutation natural selection

A unified model for diagnosing energy usage abnormalities in regional integrated energy service systems

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Global Energy Interconnection 2019年第4期2卷 361-367页

作者： Di Wu Hongwei Ma Jianrong Mao Kaiqi Ma Hao Zheng Zhiqian Bo Xuji Group Corporation Haidian DistrictBeijing100085P.R.China Aalborg University Aalborg DK-9100Denmark CSEE UK Branch Birmingham B152TTUK

An integrated energy service company in an industrial park or commercial building is responsible for managing all energy sources in their local region, including electricity, water, gas, heating, and cooling. To reduce energy wastage and increase energy utilization, it is necessary to perform efficiency analyses and diagnoses on integrated energy systems(IESs). However, the integrated energy data necessary for energy efficiency analyses and diagnoses come from a wide variety of instruments, each of which uses different transmission protocols and data formats. This makes it challenging to handle energy-flow data in a unified manner. Thus, we have constructed a unified model for diagnosing energy usage abnormalities in IESs. Using this model, the data are divided into working days and non-working days, and benchmark values are calculated after the data have been weighted to enable unified analysis of several types of energy data. The energy-flow data may then be observed, managed, and compared in all aspects to monitor sudden changes in energy usage and energy wastage. The abnormal data identified and selected by the unified model are then subjected to big-data analysis using technical management tools, enabling the detection of user problems such as abnormalities pertaining to acquisition device, metering, and energy usage. This model facilitates accurate metering of energy data and improves energy efficiency. The study has significant implications in terms of fulfilling the energy saving.

关键词： Integrated energy services Energy efficiency analysis Energy usage diagnosis Energy usage abnormalities Unified model

Effects of Community Community Communication Technology(ICT) usage on Community Satisfaction: Case Study in Nanjing, China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2019年第5期29卷 834-847页

作者： ZHEN Feng QIN Xiao JIANG Yupei CHEN Hui School of Architecture and Urban Planning Nanjing UniversityNanjing210093China Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Smart City Design Simulation and Visualization of Jiangsu Province Nanjing210093China

Future or smart community, which mainly refers to the development of community information and communication technology(ICT) platforms or devices, has received considerable attention from urban governments and scholars. However, only a few studies have been conducted to test the actual effects of using these community ICT platforms or devices on the community satisfaction of residents. Therefore, the present study conducts a survey in 40 communities in Nanjing, China and uses a mixed linear regression model to determine the relationship between community ICT usage and community satisfaction. Results indicate that residents with high-level community ICT usage are more satisfied with their community than those with low-level community ICT usage. Moreover, evident differences are observed regarding the influence of new commodity, old commodity and affordable housing communities in Nanjing. These findings are meaningful for the construction and development of future communities.

关键词： community communication technology (ICT) usage community satisfaction types of communities future community Nanjing

Status and ethno-medicinal usage of invasive plants in traditional health care practices: a case study from northeastern Bangladesh

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第4期22卷 649-658页

作者： Mohammed Abu Sayed Arfin Khan Fahmida Sultana Md. Habibur Rahman Bishwajit Roy Sawon Istiak Anik Department of Forestry and Environmental Science School of Agriculture and Mineral Sciences Shahjalal University of Science and Technology Sylhet 3114 Bangladesh

Species diversity and ethno-medicinal usage of 39 species of invasive plants were explored in and around two protected areas, Khadimnagar National Park （KNP） and Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctu- ary （RKWS）, of northeastern Bangladesh,. Status of invasive plants were investigated in 60 sample plots with 5 different habitat types, including forest, roadside, homestead, fallow land and others （ponds, canals, water logged areas, agricultural land, etc.）. Data about the usage of invasive plants in traditional health care were collected through interviewing 110 households. Among the five habitat types, fallow land （28 species）.possessed the highest number of species, followed by roadside （25 species）, forest （23 species）, homestead （22 species） and others （13 species）. Based on the survey, invasive plants of study areas were also categorized into five degrees of invasiveness e.g., naturalized, introduced, possibly invasive, moderately invasive and highly invasive. Additionally, there is the linear trend between degrees of invasivaness and use percentage of invasive plants. Total 39 species of invasive plants belonging to 29 families were recorded, which are generally used to treat 37 diseases, ranging from simple headache to highly complicated eye and heart diseases. The majority of the species used by the local inhabitants were herbs （16 species）, followed by some shrubs （11 species）, climbers （5 species）, trees （5 species） and grasses （2 species）. The use percentage of aboveground plant parts were higher （70.58%） than that of underground plant parts （16.18%）.

关键词： diversity usage invasive species medicinal plants ethno-medicine protected areas

Analysis of Codon usage Pattern of Banana Basic Secretory Protease Gene

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Plant Diseases and Pests 2019年第1期10卷 1-4,9页

作者： Mensah Raphael Anue Sun Xueli Cheng Chunzhen Lai Zhongxiong College of Horticulture/Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University

[Objective] The objective of this study was to understand the codon usage bias pattern of banana pathogenesis-related 17 gene, Basic Secretory Protease gene(MaBSP). [Method] Relative codon usage patterns of MaBSP were calculated using the software CodonW version 1.4.2. and the web-based tool(http://kazusa.***.jp/codon/).[Result] Our findings showed that C-ended and G-ended codons were the most preferential except the TER codon UGA which was coded for by just one codon. The ENc value, relationship between AT bias and GC bias, Random synonymous codon usage(RSCU) and CAI all showed that codon bias usage existed in MaBSP gene.[Conclusion] The codon usage patterns of MaBSP gene is principally influenced by natural selection in the third position. However, other multiple factors also influence this pattern.

关键词： Codon usage Codon bias Natural selection Mutation bias Random synonymous codon usage Pathogenesis-related(PR)gene

Implementing the Standardized usage Statistics Harvesting Initiative (SUSHI) protocol

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Journal of Library Science in China 2018年 171-173页

作者： CHEN Daqing YE Lan DING Pei 不详

The Standardized usage Statistics Harvesting Initiative(SUSHI)is a protocol developed in response to the need in libraries to collect COUNTER compliant usage statistics automatically.Ten years have passed since SUSHI ... 详细信息

关键词： Implementing Standardized usage Statistics Harvesting Initiative SUSHI protocol

Exploring the measurement features of usage data for academic literature

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Journal of Library Science in China 2017年 132-151页

作者： ZHAO Xing Department of Information Management Faculty of Economics and Management East China Normal University Institute for Academic Evaluation and Development East China Normal University

The emergence of new data has always been a major force driving the advance of informetrics. The magnitude of data usage for academic literature, given by the Web of Science(Wo S), can be expected to provide a supplementary perspective for citation analysis in three theoretical aspects, which are influence dimension, discipline difference and behavioral motive. Based on 166,767 articles in physics, computer science, economics, and Library and Information Science included by SCI and SSCI in 2013 as research samples, this paper conducts an exploratory investigation into the measurement features of the usage data. According to the results, compared with citation data, usage is more discriminative and sensitive. In terms of distribution, usage presents an approximate and positively skewed distribution at high-frequency. An approximate power-law distribution is observed in the cumulative integral. The evaluation result of usage is independent to a certain degree and poses no essential opposition to the result of citation. Although the usage of the Wo S platform still has the limitations of generality, falsifiability and isolation, usage may be accepted as one of the possible options that supplement citation data and provide a richer field of vision for influence evaluation. There are 4 figures, 6 tables and 23 references in this paper.

关键词： Bibliometrics usage data Academic evaluation Citation analysis Information behavior

usage of fresh medicinal plants and users′perceptions in Singapore

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2015年第S1期29卷 24-24页

作者： Yin-Yin SIEW Sogand ZAREISEDEHIZADEH Wei-Guang SEETOH Soek-Ying NEO Chay-Hoon TAN Hwee-Ling KOH Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Science Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore

OBJECTIVE To gather information regarding the usage of fresh medicinal plants and users′perceptions via face-to-face interviews.To date,there is no published report of firsthand account of their usage in Singapore.Such important information may be permanently lost if not properly collated in time.METHODS Information on demographic data,plant-use methods and perception of usage was collated.Participants were recruited via the local newspapers,by word of mouth etc.The survey protocol was approved by the NUS Institutional Review Board.Fresh plant samples/photographs were obtained from the users and voucher specimens were kept.RESULTS Two hundredusers who have used a total of 103 species of fresh medicinal plants anytime in the last 5years participated in the survey.The five most commonly used plants were Clinacanthusnutans(34 users),Strobilanthescrispus(31 users),Pereskiableo(25 users),Aloe vera(18 users),and Zingiberofficinale(16 users).The top 3 most commonly cited medical conditions were diseases of respiratory system(50 users),neoplasm(29 users)anddiseases of circulatory system(20 users).A total of 173 users(86.5%)did not consult any healthcare professional for advice about plant usage,and only one user consulted the pharmacist.Some of the common reasons given for using fresh medicinal plants were recommendation by others(150,75.0%),efficacy(137,68.5%),and safety(117,58.5%).Most users(170,85.0%)were satisfied or highly satisfied with the outcome of plants used.CONCLUSION Two hundred users of fresh medicinal plants have been successfully interviewed and the information documented systematically in a database.The results suggest that fresh medicinal plants have a role to play in healthcare in modern society.The information collated will serve as a useful resource for identifying promising plants for future drug discovery efforts.

关键词： survey fresh medicinal plants usage perceptions

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汉字“所(suǒ)”的用法

孔子学院 2016年第4期 72-75页

作者：图蒙多重庆大学

'所'字是'文言文'(中国古代正式书面语言)中最常用的汉字之一,对它的研究,每个学者都有自己的看法。这里,我想分析'所'的古代用法,并与现代用法作比较。Suǒ(所)is one of the most common Chinese characters in classical(or literary... 详细信息

'所'字是'文言文'(中国古代正式书面语言)中最常用的汉字之一,对它的研究,每个学者都有自己的看法。这里,我想分析'所'的古代用法,并与现代用法作比较。Suǒ(所)is one of the most common Chinese characters in classical(or literary)Chinese,the written form of ancient Chinese literature.Scholars have studied the character from many different perspectives.Here I would like to focus on the usage of suǒ(所)in ancient times,and make a comparison with its usage in modern times.

关键词： su usage ancient literary 书面语言 characters 定语从句现代汉语 venue clause