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Spatio-temporal pattern and driving forces of urbanization in China's border areas

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第5期30卷 775-793页

作者： SONG Zhouying ZHU Qiaoling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CASBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Border area is not only an important gateway for inland opening-up,but also an important part of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society and optimizing national urban spatial pattern in *** to the location,natural resources endowment,and traffic accessibility,the urbanization speed is relatively slow in border ***,it is a special area that needs to pay close attention to,especially under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative and China's regional coordinated development *** on the county-level data from 2000 to 2015,this paper tries to analyze the spatio-temporal pattern of urbanization in 134 border counties,and applies geographical detector method to study the driving forces of urbanization in border *** are as follows:(1)From 2000 to 2015,urbanization rate in border areas has been lower than the national average,and the gap has been *** border counties in southern Xinjiang,Tibet,northeast of Inner Mongolia,and Yunnan,are even facing the problem of population loss.(2)In the same period,urbanization rate in the northwestern and southwestern border is low,while their urbanization rate grows relatively faster comparing with other border counties;urbanization rate in Tibet border is the lowest and grows relatively slowly;urbanization rate in the northeastern and northern border is slightly higher,but it grows slowly or even stagnates.(3)Transportation and industry are the important driving forces of urbanization in border areas,while the driving forces of market is relatively *** there are obvious mutual reinforcements among the driving forces,while the effort and explanatory power of resource force increases obviously after interaction.(4)urbanization rate in the northwestern and southwestern border areas grows relatively fast,with industrial force and transportation force,market force and administrative force as the main driving forces *** border area has the lowest ur

关键词： border area urbanization spatio-temporal pattern driving force China

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Assessing the Ecological Quality of Nanjing during Its urbanization Process by Using Satellite,Meteorological,and Socioeconomic Data

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第2期34卷 280-293页

作者： Xin HANG Yachun LI Xiaochun LUO Min XU Xiuzhen HAN Jiangsu Climate Center Jiangsu Meteorological BureauNanjing 210008 Jiangsu Meteorological Service Center Jiangsu Meteorological BureauNanjing 210008 National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

Assessing the ecological status of different districts within a city undergoing urbanization is challenging given their complex surface types and fast pace of *** this study,we utilized satellite data obtained from Landsat5/TM(Thematic Mapper)and Landsat 8/OLI(Operational Land Imager)images in conjunction with meteorological and socioeconomic data to construct a remote sensing ecological index(RSEI)for monitoring the ecological quality of Nanjing,Jiangsu Province.A higher RSEI value corresponded to better ecological *** ratings were associated with RSEI values of city districts:very poor,poor,average,good,and *** Nanjing,the percentage of areas evidencing good RSEI ratings decreased from 55.9%in 2000 to 48.0%in 2018,whereas there was a slight increase in areas with very poor RSEI ratings during this *** the 11 city districts,16.8%,21.8%,and 61.4%respectively evidenced the increasing,decreasing,and stable ecological quality relative to their quality in *** the11 administrative districts in Nanjing,the main urban districts evidenced increased RSEI values in 2018 compared with those in 2000,with the improved areas exceeding the ones that had deteriorated in these ***,the ecological quality of new urban and ed because of the urban expansion,with areas that had deteriorated exceeding the improved *** the three protected ecological zones,the quality of Zijin Mountain National Forest Park was considerably better than that of Laoshan and ***,the urbanization rate and RSEI evidenced a high negative correlation coefficient value(-0.76).The urbanization process of Nanjing induced a declining trend for the ecological quality,indicating the need of strong protection measures for the maintenance or improvement of its ecological environment.

关键词： ecological quality remote sensing ecological index(RSEI) urbanization

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Association between blood cadmium and vitamin D levels in the Yangtze Plain of China in the context of rapid urbanization

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Chinese Medical Journal 2021年第1期134卷 53-59页

作者： Chi Chen Hao-Jie Zhang Hua-Ling Zhai Yi Chen Bing Han Qin Li Fang-Zhen Xia Ning-Jian Wang Ying-Li Lu Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011China.

Background:China has experienced rapid urbanization in the past 30 *** aimed to report blood cadmium level(BCL)in the rapidly urbanized Yangtze Plain of China,and explore the association between BCL and 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D).Methods:Our data source was the Survey on Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors(SPECT-China)cross-sectional study(ChiCTR-ECS-14005052,***).We enrolled 3234 subjects from 12 villages in the Yangtze *** were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry.25(OH)D was measured with a chemiluminescence ***:A total of 2560(79.2%)subjects were diagnosed with vitamin D *** median(interquartile range)BCL was 1.80μg/L(0.60-3.42)for men and 1.40μg/L(0.52-3.10)for *** women,mean 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely associated with BCL(0.401,95%confidence interval:-0.697 to-0.105 nmol/L lower with each doubling of the BCL)after adjustment for age,educational status,current smoking,body mass index,diabetes,and ***,there was no significant difference in 25(OH)D across the BCL tertiles for ***:BCL in Chinese residents in the Yangtze Plain were much higher than that in developed *** inverse association between BCL and 25(OH)D was found in general Chinese women after multivariable *** prospective cohort and animal studies are warranted to resolve the direction and temporality of these relationships,and to elucidate the exact mechanisms involved.

关键词： Cadmium Chinese 25-hydroxyvitamin D urbanization

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Innovation-based urbanization: Evidence from 270 cities at the prefecture level or above in China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2019年第8期29卷 1283-1299页

作者： LYU Lachang SUN Feixiang HUANG Ru College of Management Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China College of Resource Environment and Tourism Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China Beijing Urban Innovation and Development Research Center Beijing 100048China

With the rapid development of knowledge economy, a number of important shifts are emerging in urbanization pattern across the world. Traditional urbanization theory has become hard to interpret these changes on a global scale, and 'innovation' is a core concept to explain the new changes of the urbanization dynamics. As one of the important contents of urban geography, urbanization dynamic needs to turn from the general population flows between rural and urban areas into emphasizing high skilled migrants flow among cities and regions research. Against this background, we propose a conception of innovation-based urbanization. Using this concept, this study analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of high skilled migrants and cultural diversity on urban innovation in China, based on the data of the sixth census of 270 cities at the prefecture level or above in China. This study measures the extent to which highly skilled migrants and cultural diversity increase urban innovation, by using spatial Durbin method to construct urban innovation regression model, to support the concept of innovation-based urbanization. The result shows that: first of all, the concept of innovation-based urbanization conforms to the development of knowledge economy, which emphasizes the migration process of highly skilled labor to cities. It helps to promote the changes in urban functions and landscapes and the expansion of urban knowledge activities, which undelines new dynamics of urban development, innovative landscape. Secondly, innovation urbanization based on highly skilled migrants flow is an important driving force for the development of Chinese cities, especially for eastern coastal cities and capital cities. Thirdly, the scale of highly skilled migrants flow and the level of urban cultural diversity in China both have been demonstrated of having positive effect on urban innovation output. With other conditions unchanged, a 10% increase in the number of urban highly skilled

关键词： innovation-based urbanization innovation urbanization highly skilled labor migrants cultural diversity China

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Cognition and construction of the theoretical connotations of new urbanization with Chinese characteristics

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2019年第10期29卷 1681-1698页

作者： CHEN Mingxing YE Chao LU Dadao SUI Yuwen GUO Shasha Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CASBeijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resource and EnvironmentBeijing 100049 China College of Geographic Sciences Nanjing Normal UniversityShanghai 200241 China

Since the reform and opening up in China, rapid urbanization has boosted the development of economy and society, but it has also been confronted by tremendous *** research has focused on the issue of a national new type of urbanization planning, leading to a transformation of China’s urbanization strategy. Further research,however, is needed to explore the theoretical basis for this new approach to *** paper summarizes the process of development of urbanization in China and describes its specific characteristics, including peri-urbanization, special national conditions, complicated factors, and governance system. China’s urbanization makes a great contribution to urbanization on a world scale. Moreover, the literature on the subject demonstrates the significance of urbanization to the discipline of human and economic geography and the scientific connotations of new urbanization, which is people-oriented, harmonious, inclusive, and sustainable. Against a background of humanism, new urbanization represents a transformation from population urbanization to people-oriented urbanization. There are six crucial scientific issues involved: people-oriented urbanization and equalization of basic public services;urbanization with integrated and coordinated urban and rural development;urbanization in the context of resources and environmental carrying capacity and climate change;diverse regional modes;spatial effect and mechanism;and big data and technical innovation. The paper aims to illustrate the theoretical framework of China’s new urbanization, providing references for both theoretical research and policy formulation.

关键词： new urbanization Chinese characteristics theoretical connotations people-oriented urbanization sustainable urbanization

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China's long-term low carbon transition pathway under the urbanization process

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2019年第4期10卷 240-249页

作者： LIU Jun-Ling WANG Ke XIAHOU Qin-Rui LIU Fang-Ming ZOU Ji KONG Ying School of Economics and Management Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)Shenzhen518055China Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China School of Environment&Natural Resources Renmin University of ChinaBeijing100872China Department of Economics York UniversityTorontoM3J1P3Canada

This study develops a comprehensive analysis framework and socio-economic energy system model that interlinks demographic change and energy system in order to analyze the urbanization process and its relation with China's long-term CO2 emissions trend as China'economy enters the“new normal”*** results show that,around 300 million people are expected to migrate from rural areas to urban areas by 2050 following a trend,in which people are moving gradually from small and medium city groups to large and super city *** migration trend together with the improvement in living standard will promote China's infrastructure construction,industry production,and energy service demand *** the Business as Usual(BAU)scenario,total primary energy consumption in China will reach 8.4 Gtce by 2050,energyrelated CO2 emissions will increase to 17.6 Gt,which is 83%higher than the 2013 *** in the Low Carbon Transition(LCT)scenario with technology innovation,the total primary energy demand for China in 2050 could be controlled at^6 Gtce;CO2 emissions would peak during 2020—2025,and be reduced by 78%by 2050 compared to the BAU *** the transition process,non-fossil fuel power generation and energy efficiency technologies have the largest mitigation *** and power sectors would peak first before 2020,followed by the building and transport sectors which are projected to peak around *** total additional capital investment required for LCT would account for 1.5%of ***,it is technologically and economically feasible for China to implement new urbanization strategy.

关键词： urbanization Population migration Consumption demand Low carbon transition Bottom-up model

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Spatio-temporal Pattern Characteristics of Relationship Between urbanization and Economic Development at County Level in China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2019年第4期29卷 553-567页

作者： YANG Zhen ZHANG Xiaolei LEI Jun DUAN Zuliang LI Jiangang Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The relationship between China’s urbanization and economic development(RCUED) is an important concern nationwide. As important actors in regional strategy and policy, county-level regions have played an increasingly significant role in the development of China’s social economy. However, the existing research on the RCUED lacks the fine depiction of the county-level administrative *** 2000 and 2010 census data and the statistical analysis method, we uncovered the evolution characteristics of China’s urbanization and economic development and conducted a quantitative identification for the RCUED with improved methods using the quadrant map approach. In addition, we investigated the spatial correlation effect of the RCUED using the spatial autocorrelation analysis method. The results were as follows: 1) In general, a high degree of matching exists between China’s urbanization and economic development at the county level at the significance level of 0.01. The correlation coefficients between China’s urbanization and economic development in2000 and 2010 were 0.608 and 0.603, respectively. 2) A significant regional difference exists in the RCUED at the county level. Based on a comparative analysis of 2276 county units in China in the two years, we found that county units can be categorized as under-urbanized, basic coordination and over-urbanized in various areas. No situation was observed where urbanization seriously lagged behind the economic development level, so the levels of urbanization and economic development appear to be basically coordinated,and the coordination state may be gradually optimized over time. 3) Over time, the spatial dependency of the RCUED has weakened and the spatial heterogeneity has increased. Northeast China has always been an area characterized by over-urbanization. The number of county units classified as under-urbanized has begun to decline in eastern coastal urban agglomeration areas, while counties rich in resources have transforme

关键词： urbanization economic development relationship spatial-temporal pattern county China

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Spatial patterns, driving forces, and urbanization effects of China＇s internal migration： County-level analysis based on the 2000 and 2010 censuses

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第2期25卷 236-256页

作者： LIU Tao QI Yuanjing CAO Guangzhong LIU Hui Department of Geography The University of Hong Kong HK 999077 China School of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Department of Geography and Resource Management The Chinese University of Hong Kong HK 999077China

China has witnessed unprecedented urbanization over the past decades. The rapid expansion of urban population has been dominantly contributed by the floating population from rural areas, of which the spatiotemporal patterns, driving forces, and multidimensional effects are scrutinized and evaluated in this study by using the latest national censuses conducted in 2000 and 2010. Analysis based on the county-level data comes to conclusions as follows. The spatial pattern of floating population has remained stable over the first decade of the new century. The top 1% cities with the largest floating population received 45.5% of all migrants in China. As the rapid development of mega-city regions, the coastal concentration areas of floating population tended to geographically united as a whole, whereas the spatial distribution of migrants within each region varied significantly. The migrant concentration area in the Yangtze River Delta was the largest and its expansion was also the most salient. However, the floating population has growingly moved into provincial capitals and other big cities in the inland regions and its gravity center has moved northward for around 110 km during the study period. The spatial pattern of floating population has been formed jointly by the state and market forces in transitional China and the impacts of state forces have been surpassed by those of market forces in the country as a whole. The attractiveness of coastal cities and counties to the floating population comes mainly from the nonagricultural employment opportunities and public services, reflecting that long-distance and long-term migrants have moved coastward not only to gain employment but also to enjoy city life. By contrast, in the central and western regions, places with a higher economic development level and at a higher administrative level are more attractive to floating populations, demonstrating that the state remains to play an important role in allocating economic resour

关键词： floating population migration urbanization urban system megacity region census China

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IMPACT OF urbanization ON STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF RIVER SYSTEM—Case Study of Shanghai,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2006年第2期16卷 102-108页

作者： Philip JAMES Research Institute for the Built and Human Environment School of Environment and Life Sciences University of Salford Greater Manchester M5 4WT UK

urbanization can affect the physical process of river growth, modify stream structure and further influence the functions of river system. Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world, which is located in Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta in China. Since the 1970s, the whole river system in Shanghai has been planned and managed by the Shanghai Water Authority. The primary management objectives in the last 30 years have been to enhance irrigation and flood-control. By using Horton-Strahler classification and Horton laws as a reference, a novel method of stream classification, in conjunction with the traditional and specially designed indicators, was applied to understanding the structure and functions of the river system in Shanghai. Correlation analysis was used to identify the interrelations among indicators. It was found that the impact of urbanization on the river system was significant although natural laws and physical characteristics marked a super-developed river system. There was an obvious correlation between the degree of urbanization and the abnormal values of some indicators. urbanization impacts on river system such as branches engineered out, riverbank concreting and low diversity of river style were widely observed. Each indicator had distinct sensibility to urbanization so they could be used to describe different characteristics of urban river system. The function indicators were significantly related to structure indicators. Stream structure, described by fractal dimension and complexity of river system, was as important as water area ratio for maintaining river’s multi-function.

关键词： river system stream classification Horton law urbanization Shanghai

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Analysis of urbanization Based on Center-of-gravity Movement and Characteristics in Songhua River Basin of China and its Southern Source Sub-basin between 1990 and 2010

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Chinese Geographical Science 2016年第1期26卷 117-128页

作者： FU Xiao SHEN Yuan DONG Rencai DENG Hongbing WU Gang State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

urbanization in modern times led to a series of development strategies that brought new opportunities in China. Rapid urbanization caused severe stress to the ecosystems and the environment. Using the center-of-gravity(COG) method and parameters such as population, economy, and land, we studied the urbanization pattern in Songhua River Basin and its southern source sub-basin from 1990 to 2010. urbanization was analyzed based on the COG position, eccentric distance, movement direction of COG, and distance of COG movement. Various characteristics of urbanization in the southern source sub-basin of the Songhua River were explained in relation to the whole Songhua River Basin. urbanization in the southern source sub-basin of the Songhua River is balanced, relatively advanced, and stable compared to the whole Songhua River Basin. The average eccentric distance between the urbanization COGs in the Songhua River′s south source basin indicated rapid expansion of land urbanization during the span of this study. A basic pattern of urbanization COG in the whole Songhua Basin was observed, but there existed differences among the three aspects of urbanization process. Land urbanization is still in its active stage, so future studies should focus on analysis of such urbanization trends.

关键词： urbanization Songhua River Basin southern source sub-basin of Songhua River center of gravity method eccentric distance

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