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Spatiotemporal influences of land use/cover changes on the heat island effect in rapid urbanization area

Frontiers of Earth Science 2019年第3期13卷 614-627页

作者： Ying XIONG Fen PENG Bin ZOU Research Center of Resource Environment and Urban Planning Changsha 410114China School of Architecture Changsha University of Science & TechnologyChangsha 410114China School of Geosciences and Info-physics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

Rapid urban sprawl and growth led to substantial urban thermal environment changes and influenced the local climate, environment, and quality of life of residents. Taking the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration in China as a case, this study firstly identified the spatiotemporal patterns of surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) and the land use/cover changes (LUCC) based on multi-temporal Landsat TM satellite data over 21 years, and then investigated the relationship between LUCC and SUHII by methods of logistic regression model and centroid shift analysis. The results showed that green spaces (e.g., cropland, forestland) of 899.13 km2 had been converted to built-up land during the 1994—2015 period, which caused significant urban expansion. The SUHII was the highest for built-up land, high for unused land, low for cropland and grassland, and the lowest for forestland and open water. Many areas experienced extensive rapid urbanization because of the emergence of the urban agglomeration, which resulted in the loss of green spaces and increased SUHI effects over the 21-year study period. In addition, the results of centroid shift analysis found that the growth of SUHII and the expansion of high SUHII areas are closely related to the expansion of an existing urban area in Xiangtan, while the increases of building density and height in Changsha resulted in the decrease of SUHII and spatiotemporal change of high SUHII areas. The analysis of the effects of land use/cover types on the SUHII in this study will contribute to future urban land use allocation for the mitigation of SUHI formation.

关键词： land use/cover change urbanization remote sensing surface urban heat island intensity centroid shift analysis

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Exploring coupling coordination between urbanization and ecosystem quality （1985-2010）： a case study from Lianyungang City, China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2016年第3期10卷 527-545页

作者： Junyong AI Lan FENG Xiaowei DONG Xiaodong ZHU Yangfan LI State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210046 China Key Laboratory of Coasial and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education) College of the Environment and Ecology Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China The Key Laboratory of the Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection Ministry of Land and Resource Nanjing 210008 China Jiangsu Province Center for Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing 210036 China

urbanization processes affect the ecosystem through alterations in ecological functions and landscape patterns. Currently, analysis of the total ecosystem services value （ESV） has targeted the overall benefits which human beings obtain from the regional ecosystem but does not generally include information regarding ecological struc- tures and patterns. Therefore, the results cannot reflect the comprehensive state of the local ecosystem. We propose a new, integrative ecosystem quality indicator based on the ESV and landscape metrics for evaluating the quality of the regional ecosystem. We adopted the method of a coupled degree of coordination for evaluating the interrelationship between urbanization and ecosystem quality in Lianyun- gang City from 1985 to 2010. The coupling degree of coordination between urbanization and ecosystem quality showed an inverse U-shaped curve. At the primary stage of urbanization （1985-1995）, the degree of coupling of urbanization and the ecosystem was just barely balanced. From 1995 until 2000, the coupling system reached a balanced condition, in which the urbanization level increased. Since 2000, the urbanization process has accelerated. The coordination between urbanization and the ecosystem achieved the optimum condition in 2005. A turning point appeared at the same time, and the degree of coupling coordination began falling from the optimum. Subsequently, the coupled system once more entered a barely balanced state. Overall, the comprehensive level of ecosystem quality decreased since 1985 and degraded sharply after 2005, suggesting an overall degradation of the local ecosystem quality.

关键词： urbanization ecosystem services value landuse change landscape metrics ecosystem quality

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China's long-term low carbon transition pathway under the urbanization process

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2019年第4期10卷 240-249页

作者： LIU Jun-Ling WANG Ke XIAHOU Qin-Rui LIU Fang-Ming ZOU Ji KONG Ying School of Economics and Management Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)Shenzhen518055China Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China School of Environment&Natural Resources Renmin University of ChinaBeijing100872China Department of Economics York UniversityTorontoM3J1P3Canada

This study develops a comprehensive analysis framework and socio-economic energy system model that interlinks demographic change and energy system in order to analyze the urbanization process and its relation with China's long-term CO2 emissions trend as China'economy enters the“new normal”stage.The results show that,around 300 million people are expected to migrate from rural areas to urban areas by 2050 following a trend,in which people are moving gradually from small and medium city groups to large and super city groups.The migration trend together with the improvement in living standard will promote China's infrastructure construction,industry production,and energy service demand growth.Under the Business as Usual(BAU)scenario,total primary energy consumption in China will reach 8.4 Gtce by 2050,energyrelated CO2 emissions will increase to 17.6 Gt,which is 83%higher than the 2013 level.While in the Low Carbon Transition(LCT)scenario with technology innovation,the total primary energy demand for China in 2050 could be controlled at^6 Gtce;CO2 emissions would peak during 2020—2025,and be reduced by 78%by 2050 compared to the BAU scenario.In the transition process,non-fossil fuel power generation and energy efficiency technologies have the largest mitigation potentials.Industry and power sectors would peak first before 2020,followed by the building and transport sectors which are projected to peak around 2030.The total additional capital investment required for LCT would account for 1.5%of GDP.Therefore,it is technologically and economically feasible for China to implement new urbanization strategy.

关键词： urbanization Population migration Consumption demand Low carbon transition Bottom-up model

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urbanization in China,ca.1100-1900

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2018年第3期13卷 322-368页

作者： Yi Xu Bas van Leeuwen Jan Luiten van Zanden College of Historical Culture and Tourism Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541001China International Institute of Social History Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdam1019ATNetherlands Department of Economic and Social History Utrecht UniversityUtrecht3512BSNetherlands

This paper presents new estimates of the development of the urban population and the urbanization ratio for the period spanning the Song and late Qing dynasties. urbanization is viewed, as in much of the economic historical literature on the topic, as an indirect indicator of economic development and structural change. The development of the urban system can therefore tell us a lot about long-term trends in the Chinese economy between 1100 and 1900. During the Song, the level of urbanization was high, also by international standards—the capital cities of the Song were probably the largest cities in the world. This remained so until the late Ming, but during the Qing there was a downward trend in the level of urbanization from 11%–12% to 7% in the late 18th century, a level at which it remained until the early 1900s. In our paper we analyse the role that socio–political and economic causes played in this decline, such as the changing character of the Chinese state, the limited impact of overseas trade on the urban system, and the apparent absence of the dynamic economic effects that were characteristic for the European urban system.

关键词： China urbanization Song dynasty Ming dynasty Qing dynasty cities commercialization

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Increased urbanization reduced the effectiveness of school closures on seasonal influenza epidemics in China

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2021年第5期10卷 52-61页

作者： Hao Lei Hangjin Jiang Nan Zhang Xiaoli Duan Tao Chen Lei Yang Dayan Wang Yuelong Shu Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University University of Science and Technology Beijing Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Zhejiang University People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology Guangdong 518107 People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Energy and Environmental Engineering Beijing 102206 Key Laboratory for Medical Virology No. 66 ChinaNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention School of Public Health Guangming District National Health Commission Beijing University of Technology Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Hangzhou People’s Republic of ChinaNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Gongchang Road People’s Republic of ChinaCenter for Data Science People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Public Health (Shenzhen)

Background: School closure is a common mitigation strategy during severe influenza epidemics and pandemics. However, the effectiveness of this strategy remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to explore the effectiveness of school closure on seasonal influenza epidemics in provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) with varying urbanization rates in China.Methods: This study analyzed influenza surveillance data between 2010 and 2019 provided by the Chinese National Influenza Center. Taking into consideration the climate, this study included a region with 3 adjacent PLADs in Northern China and another region with 4 adjacent PLADs in Southern China. The effect of school closure on influenza transmission was evaluated by the reduction of the effective reproductive number of seasonal influenza during school winter breaks compared with that before school winter breaks. An age-structured Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Susceptible (SIRS) model was built to model influenza transmission in different levels of urbanization. Parameters were determined using the surveillance data via robust Bayesian method.Results: Between 2010 and 2019, in the less urbanized provinces: Hebei, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui, during school winter breaks, the effective reproductive number of seasonal influenza epidemics reduced 14.6% [95% confidential interval (CI): 6.2-22.9%], 9.6% (95%CI: 2.5-16.6%), 7.3% (95%CI: 0.1-14.4%) and 8.2% (95%CI: 1.1-15.3%) respectively. However, in the highly urbanized cities: Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai, it reduced only 5.2% (95%CI: -0.7-11.2%), 4.1% (95%CI: -0.9-9.1%) and 3.9% (95%CI: -1.6-9.4%) respectively. In China, urbanization is associated with decreased proportion of children and increased social contact. According to the SIRS model, both factors could reduce the impact of school closure on seasonal influenza epidemics, and the proportion of children in the population is thought to be the dominant influencing factor.Conclusions: Effectiveness of school closure on the epidemics varies with th

关键词： School closure Influenza epidemics urbanization Contact China

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Enhancing coastal areas governance for sustainable tourism in the context of urbanization and climate change in eastern Thailand

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2019年第1期10卷 47-58页

作者： Vilas NITIVATTANANON Sirinapha SRINONIL Department of Development and Sustainabiliry School of EnvironmentResources and DevelopmentAsian Institute of TechnologyPathum Thani12120Thailand

Coastal areas in the eastern sub-region of Thailand,a popular destination in Southeast Asia,are facing rapid tourism-related urbanization and associated consequences of environment and climate change(CC).Thus,this study aims to analyze the relationships between tourism,coastal areas,the environment,and CC in the context of tourism urbanization;and recommend strategies for enhancing the governance of coastal areas.Three popular destinations were selected as study areas,Koh Chang,Koh Mak,and Pattaya.Group discussions,questionnaire surveys,in-terviews,and observation were used for primary data collection together with secondary data.The results show that the development of these destinations has been incompatible with the coastal environment and CC patterns.Rapid urbanization from tourism development is the main driver of environmental changes and makes the areas vulnerable to CC-related risks.While water scarcity and pollution are found the most critical environmental issues of the destinations,coastal areas are negatively affected in terms of increased air and water pollution and resource degradation.They have also been exposed to different CC-related problems while the risks of accumulative impacts of both environment and CC have not been adequately recognized or addressed.Although some measures have provided synergies of improved environment and increased climate resilience,possible conflicts and gaps were also found.Public infrastructure integration and optimization to enhance coastal areas'environment and climate resilience are suggested.

关键词： Climate change Coastal urbanization Environment Governance Infrastructure and services Sustainable tourism

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Analysis of geo-spatiotemporal data using machine learning algorithms and reliability enhancement for urbanization decision support

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第12期13卷 1717-1732页

作者： Kwame O.Hackman Xuecao Li Daniel Asenso-Gyambibi Emmanuella A.Asamoah Isaac.D.Nelson Data Management Department WASCAL Competence CenterOuagadougouBurkina Faso Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences Iowa State UniversityAmesUSA Department of Environmental Management University of Energy and Natural ResourcesSunyaniGhana Building and Road Research Institute(BRRI) Council for Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR)KumasiGhana

We present systematic analyses of the temporal dynamics of the growth of Kumasi,the fastest growing city in Ghana using 20-year Landsat timeseries data from 2000 to 2020(with 1986 Landsat image as a baseline).Two classification algorithms–random forest(RF)and support vector machines(SVM)–were used to produce binary(built-up/non-built up)maps for all years within the temporal span.We further implemented an anomaly detection and temporal consistency algorithm followed by a changing logic to correct the classification anomalies due to image contamination from the cloud and other sources.The mean overall accuracies obtained for RF and SVM were 94.9%(kappa=0.90)and 95.5%(kappa=0.91),respectively.Our results reveal that the mean builtup area percentages of the metropolis are approximately 74,65,47,and 23 for the years 2020,2010,2000,and 1986,respectively,representing a mean annual change of 3.5%over the 34 years.With the present lack of labeled data in Ghana for in-depth analyses of the evolution of land use,we believe that this study serves as an initial attempt to a better understanding of the effects of increasing anthropogenic activities due to urbanization,on human and environment health.

关键词： urbanization Kumasi support vector machine random forest Landsat

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A Review of Research on the Record-Breaking Precipitation Event in Henan Province,China,July 2021

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第8期40卷 1485-1500页

作者： Qinghong ZHANG Rumeng LI Juanzhen SUN Feng LU Jun XU Fan ZHANG Department of Atmospheric&Oceanic sciences School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China HIWeather International Coordination Office Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China National Center for Atmospheric Science BoulderCO 80307United States Innovation Center for Feng Yun Meteorological Satellite National Satellite Meteorological Center(National Center for Space Weather)China Meteorological AdministrationsBeijing 100049China National Meteorological Center of China Beijing 100081China

A record-breaking precipitation event,with a maximum 24-h(1-h)precipitation of 624 mm(201.9 mm)observed at Zhengzhou Weather Station,occurred in Henan Province,China,in July 2021.However,all global operational forecast models failed to predict the intensity and location of maximum precipitation for this event.The unexpected heavy rainfall caused 398 deaths and 120.06 billion RMB of economic losses.The high-societal-impact of this event has drawn much attention from the research community.This article provides a research review of the event from the perspectives of observations,analysis,dynamics,predictability,and the connection with climate warming and urbanization.Global reanalysis data show that there was an anomalous large-scale circulation pattern that resulted in abundant moisture supply to the region of interest.Three mesoscale systems(a mesoscale low pressure system,a barrier jet,and downslope gravity current)were found by recent high-resolution model simulation and data assimilation studies to have contributed to the local intensification of the rainstorm.Furthermore,observational analysis has suggested that an abrupt increase in graupel through microphysical processes after the sequential merging of three convective cells contributed to the record-breaking precipitation.Although these findings have aided in our understanding of the extreme rainfall event,preliminary analysis indicated that the practical predictability of the extreme rainfall for this event was rather low.The contrary influences of climate warming and urbanization on precipitation extremes as revealed by two studies could add further challenges to the predictability.We conclude that data sharing and collaboration between meteorological and hydrological researchers will be crucial in future research on high-impact weather events.

关键词： extreme precipitation observation dynamics predictability climate warming urbanization

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Features and factors of radium isotopes in Tianjin’s typical estuaries

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海洋学报:英文版 2023年第8期42卷 134-146页

作者： Zhe Zhang Yingchun Dong Lixin Yi Xin Hao Yajie Zheng Tianxue Lü College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China

In order to characterize the features of radium isotopes in estuaries of Tianjin,a continuous survey and sampling of typical estuaries were conducted from 2013 to 2017 in this study.The activities of natural radioactive radium isotopes(^(223)Ra,^(224)Ra,and ^(228)Ra)in groundwater and surface water were measured by the radium-delayed coincidence counting(RaDeCC)system.The non-conservative behavior of the radium isotopes was investigated under hydrogeochemical conditions and urbanization.The results indicated that in terms of horizontal distribution,the activities of radium in groundwater(Hangu,Tanggu,and Dagang)showed an upward trend from north to south and demonstrated a higher figure than surface water(Haihe River and Duliujian River).Concerning the vertical distribution,the activitives of radium at a 15 m burial depth was higher than that at a 30 m burial depth in all measurements.The activities of radium isotopes in the study area increased with the increase of total dissolved solids,and their desorption behavior on Fe-Mn oxides was constrained by the redox intensity.Different hydrogeological conditions resulted in variations in the vertical profile of radium activities.The activity of radium was regulated by seasonal variation and precipitation in groundwater and surface water.In addition,the rapid urbanization has caused a significant impact on the features of radium isotopes in typical estuaries of Tianjin.Meanwhile,radium isotopes can be applied to reflect the impact of urbanization on surface watergroundwater systems.Clarifying and cleverly utilizing the relationship between behavior of radium isotopes and urbanization will promote the development of the Tianjin Binhai New Area in a healthy way.

关键词： estuary radium isotope total dissolved solids ionic strength urbanization

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A standardized dataset of built-up areas of China’s cities with populations over 300,000 for the period 1990-2015

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Big Earth Data 2022年第1期6卷 103-126页

作者： Huiping Jiang Zhongchang Sun Huadong Guo Qiang Xing Wenjie Du Guoyin Cai Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Key Laboratory for Earth Observation of Hainan Province SanyaChina School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijingChina

China’s urbanization has attracted a lot of attention due to its unprecedented pace and intensity in terms of land,population,and economic impact.However,due to the lack of consistent and harmonized data,little is known about the patterns and dynamics of the interaction between these different aspects over the past few decades.Along with the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,a standardized dataset for assessing the sustainability of urbanization in China is needed.In this paper,we used remote sensing data from multiple sources(time-series of Landsat and Sentinel images)to map the impervious surface area(ISA)at five-year intervals from 1990 to 2015 and then converted the results into a standardized dataset of the built-up area for 433 Chinese cities with 300,000 inhabitants or more.This dataset was produced following the well-established rules adopted by the United Nations(UN).Validation of the ISA maps in urban areas based on the visual interpretation of Google Earth images showed that the average overall accuracy(OA),producer’s accuracy(PA)and user’s accuracy(UA)were 91.24%,92.58%and 89.65%,respec-tively.Comparisons with other existing urban built-up area datasets derived from the National Bureau of Statistics of China,the World Bank and UN-habitat indicated that our dataset,namely the stan-dardized urban built-up area dataset for China(SUBAD-China),provides an improved description of the spatiotemporal character-istics of the urbanization process and is especially applicable to a combined analysis of the spatial and socio-economic domains in urban areas.Potential applications of this dataset include combin-ing the spatial expansion and demographic information provided by UN to calculate sustainable development indicators such as SDG 11.3.1.The dataset could also be used in other multidimensional syntheses related to the study of urbanization in China.

关键词： Built-up area impervious surface area(ISA) remote sensing urbanization SDG 11.3.1

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