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Nest predation pressure on Chinese Bulbuls decreases along the urbanization gradient in Hangzhou,China

Avian Research 2022年第3期13卷 294-300页

作者： Xingmin Chen Qin Zhang Sisi Lan Shuihua Chen Yanping Wang Laboratory of Island Biogeography and Conservation Biology College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China College of Chemistry and Life Sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhu1321004China Zhejiang Museum of Natural History Hangzhou310012China

Nest predation is an essential factor affecting bird population density,reproductive ecology and life cycle.However,there are still contradictory results about how nest predation pressure changes with urbanization.One of the reasons for the controversy is that previous studies often use artificial nests to investigate nest predation,but the result of artificial nests is often biased and contrary to that of natural nests.Therefore,it is important to perform nest predation experiments simultaneously with both natural and artificial nests.In this study,we examined the change of nest predation pressure on the Chinese Bulbul(Pycnonotus sinensis)along the urbanization gradient in Hangzhou,China.We detected 148 natural nests of Chinese Bulbuls and continuously monitored them in two continuous breeding seasons from 2012 to 2013.After the breeding season,we placed artificial eggs in natural nests of Chinese Bulbuls to investigate the changes in nest predation pressure and used infrared cameras to record the predators.We then calculated the urbanization synthetic index(USI)as the measure of the degree of urbanization and examined its relationship with nest predation pressure.We found that no matter whether natural nests or artificial eggs were used,the nest predation pressure always decreased significantly with the degree of urbanization.The average height of shrubs within 10 m of the nest differed significantly between the predated and unpredated nests,which also affected the risk of nest predation.Our study highlights the importance of using natural and artificial nests simultaneously to conduct nest predation experiments,which can reduce the bias or errors caused by only using artificial nests.We also recommend the use of infrared cameras in future nest predation studies,which has obvious advantages in monitoring and identifying potential predators.

关键词： Artificial nest Natural nest Nest predation Shrub height urbanization

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Impact of urbanization on morbidity of hepatitis A:a national panel study in China during 2005–2018

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第3期12卷 41-50页

作者： Bo-Wen Ming Zhou Yang Ze-Lin Yan Chen Shi Xiao-Han Xu Li Li Chun-Quan Ou State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research Department of BiostatisticsGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease ResearchSchool of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515GuangdongChina

Background The effect of urbanization on the morbidity of hepatitis A remains unclear. We aimed to estimate the association between various urbanization-related indices and hepatitis A morbidity in China.Methods Data on the annual morbidity of hepatitis A, urbanization-related measures (i.e., gross domestic product per capita, the number of hospitalization beds per 1000 persons, illiteracy rate, tap water coverage, motor vehicles per 100 persons, population density, and the proportion of arable land), and meteorological factors in 31 provincial-level administrative divisions of Chinese mainland during 2005–2018 were collected from the National Population and Health Science Data Sharing Platform, China Statistical Yearbooks, and the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System, respectively. Generalized linear mixed models were applied to quantify the impacts of different urbanization-related indices on the morbidity of hepatitis A in China after adjusting for covariates.Results A total of 537,466 hepatitis A cases were reported in China during 2005–2018. The annual morbidity had a decline of 79.4% from 5.64 cases to 1.16 cases per 100,000 people. There were obvious spatial variations with higher morbidity in western China. Nationally, gross domestic product per capita and the number of hospitalization beds per 1000 persons increased from 14,040 to 64,644 CNY and from 2.45 to 6.03 during 2005–2018, respectively. The illiteracy rate decreased from 11.0 to 4.9%. Gross domestic product per capita [relative risk (RR) = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92–0.99], and the number of hospitalization beds per 1000 persons (RR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.75–0.83) were associated with the declined morbidity of hepatitis A. By contrast, the increased morbidity of hepatitis A was linked to the illiteracy rate (RR = 1.04, 95%CI: 1.02–1.06). Similar influential factors were detected for children and adults, with greater effects witnessed for children.Conclusions People in the western region suffered the heaviest burden of hepatitis

关键词： Hepatitis A Morbidity urbanization Generalized linear mixed model China

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On the Influences of urbanization on the Extreme Rainfall over Zhengzhou on 20 July 2021: A Convection-Permitting Ensemble Modeling Study

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第3期40卷 393-409页

作者： Yali LUO Jiahua ZHANG Miao YU Xudong LIANG Rudi XIA Yanyu GAO Xiaoyu GAO Jinfang YIN State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China School of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China

This study investigates the influences of urban land cover on the extreme rainfall event over the Zhengzhou city in central China on 20 July 2021 using the Weather Research and Forecasting model at a convection-permitting scale[1-km resolution in the innermost domain(d3)].Two ensembles of simulation(CTRL,NURB),each consisting of 11 members with a multi-layer urban canopy model and various combinations of physics schemes,were conducted using different land cover scenarios:(i)the real urban land cover,(ii)all cities in d3 being replaced with natural land cover.The results suggest that CTRL reasonably reproduces the spatiotemporal evolution of rainstorms and the 24-h rainfall accumulation over the key region,although the maximum hourly rainfall is underestimated and displaced to the west or southwest by most members.The ensemble mean 24-h rainfall accumulation over the key region of heavy rainfall is reduced by 13%,and the maximum hourly rainfall simulated by each member is reduced by 15–70 mm in CTRL relative to NURB.The reduction in the simulated rainfall by urbanization is closely associated with numerous cities/towns to the south,southeast,and east of Zhengzhou.Their heating effects jointly lead to formation of anomalous upward motions in and above the planetary boundary layer(PBL),which exaggerates the PBL drying effect due to reduced evapotranspiration and also enhances the wind stilling effect due to increased surface friction in urban areas.As a result,the lateral inflows of moisture and high-θe(equivalent potential temperature)air from south and east to Zhengzhou are reduced.

关键词： urbanization extreme rainfall convection-permitting ensemble simulation land-atmosphere interaction boundary layer water vapor transport

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Spatiotemporal Differences and Classification Regulation of urbanization Impact on Agricultural Development in Shrinking Areas:A Case Study of 15 Shrinking Cities in Three Provinces of Northeast China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2023年第6期33卷 1053-1067页

作者： CHEN Xiaohong LIU Haihan AN Yongle DAI Yue PAN Wei WANG Ying TANG We College of Geography Science Harbin Normal UniversityHarbin150025China Harbin Urban and Rural Planning&Design Institute Harbin150010China

Studying the impact of urbanization on agricultural development in shrinking areas is important for maintaining food security and promoted agricultural development in China.Based on the measurement results of the shrinking cities in the three provinces of Northeast China,this paper selects 15 shrinking cities as the research object,and constructs a multi-dimensional index system to explore the impact of the urbanization level of the shrinking areas on the agricultural development in the region since 2007–2019,analyzes the influencing factors and their differences by using the geographically-weighted regression model and Geodetector,and proposes a targeted regulation strategy.The results show that:1)overall,there is a negative correlation between the urbanization level and the agricultural development level in the contracted areas of the three northeastern provinces.The urbanization level in these areas has a certain negative impact on the overall level of agricultural development;2)regarding the time dimension,the impact of urbanization level on the agricultural development level in the contracted areas of the three northeastern provinces gradually increases over time;3)regarding the spatial pattern,the overall impact of shrinking urbanization levels in the three provinces of Northeast China on the agricultural development shows a significant distribution pattern of high in the east and low in the west;4)the total population and natural population growth rate at the end of the year were the main factors influencing a certain level of urbanization on agricultural development in the shrinking cities while population density and the urban fixed asset investment rate were the secondary factors;and 5)the main reasons why the level of agricultural development in different cities was affected by the level of urbanization were different.However,they can be categorized into areas of population loss and spatial construction,which can be further divided into area of population loss in the northeast,areas of negative populat

关键词： urbanization agricultural development classification and regulation shrinking cities three provinces of Northeast China

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城镇化背景下农村养老问题与养老路径探索

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老龄化研究 2024年第2期11卷 339-344页

作者：冯甘霖南京林业大学，马克思主义学院，江苏南京

城镇化是社会主义现代化建设的重要指标，人口从农村向城镇地区的流动加速了城镇化进程。而在城镇化快速发展下农村发展出现空心化、老龄化、落后化的问题，使农村养老工作陷入困境，主要表现为服务设施短缺，支付能力不足、精神关爱缺... 详细信息

城镇化是社会主义现代化建设的重要指标，人口从农村向城镇地区的流动加速了城镇化进程。而在城镇化快速发展下农村发展出现空心化、老龄化、落后化的问题，使农村养老工作陷入困境，主要表现为服务设施短缺，支付能力不足、精神关爱缺失、乡土情结厚重。人口老龄化以及养老问题一直是党和国家逐渐关注的问题，并持续上升为国家战略，本文充分考虑城镇化发展对农村养老问题的影响，聚焦于农村养老问题的特殊性，不是将城市的养老思路和模式简单照搬于农村，而是在城镇化背景下探索创新农村养老路径，从开拓自主养老新思路、建立健全养老服务保障体系、加快实施乡村振兴战略三方面入手，以推动农村养老走出困境，提高农村养老水平。

关键词：城镇化农村养老问题养老路径 urbanization Rural Pension Issue Pension Path

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我国户籍法律制度的反思与展望

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法学 2024年第4期12卷 2375-2381页

作者：罗冰钰北京师范大学法学院，北京

随着市场化和城镇化的深入开展，户籍法律制度逐渐落后于我国经济发展的需要，其阻碍城镇化发展的弊端日益显现，改革我国户籍法律制度的呼声愈演愈烈。但实际上，我国户籍法律制度有其存在的历史必然性，在特定的历史时期发挥过积极的... 详细信息

随着市场化和城镇化的深入开展，户籍法律制度逐渐落后于我国经济发展的需要，其阻碍城镇化发展的弊端日益显现，改革我国户籍法律制度的呼声愈演愈烈。但实际上，我国户籍法律制度有其存在的历史必然性，在特定的历史时期发挥过积极的人口管理和社会秩序管控的作用，直到今天，户籍法律制度的人口管理、资源配置、社会控制等功能优势仍然比较突出，也因此保留至今。当前，户籍法律制度需要通过改革和完善以更好适应和满足城市与社会发展的需要，朝着更公平、更包容的方向迈进。

关键词：户籍法律制度改革城镇化现代化农民工 Reform of Household Registration Legal System urbanization Modernization Migrant Workers

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Identifying interlinkages between urbanization and Sustainable Development Goals

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Geography and Sustainability 2022年第4期3卷 339-346页

作者： Mingxing Chen Liangkan Chen Jiafan Cheng Jianhui Yu Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China College of Resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

urbanization and Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)are important global issues in the current“Anthropocene”.Climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated global urban problems and hindered the ability to meet SDGs on time,while the broad interlinkages between urbanization and the SDGs remain poorly understood.This study shows that among the interlinkages of urbanization with 17 SDGs,synergies are observed with 151 targets(89%),among which 67(40%)have stronger synergies,and trade-offs are observed with 66 targets(39%),among which 31(18%)have stronger trade-offs.Furthermore,the synergies and trade-offs between urbanization and the achievement of SDGs are specifically analyzed based on four fundamental interaction fields:(a)public health and social welfare equality;(b)energy consumption and economic growth;(c)natural resource use and ecological/environmental impacts;and(d)international cooperation for development.Finally,based on these analyses,we propose four recommendations for sustainable urbanization,including(a)shared well-being and spatial justice for urban and rural residents;(b)guiding green and low-carbon urban development;(c)building resilient cities;and(d)promoting multilateral cooperation in cities,which can contribute to the achievement of SDGs by 2030.

关键词： urbanization Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) Synergies Trade-offs Well-being Anthropocene

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urbanization: positive and negative effects

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Science Bulletin 2019年第5期64卷 281-283页

作者： Chaolin Gu School of Architecture Tsinghua University

urbanization is a sign of modernization,and both developed and developing countries attach great importance to this issue.It is also a process in which the population continues to flow in urban areas,the non-agricultural industries(manufacturing and seivice industries)concentrate and develop,and the structure of human society gradually transforms.urbanization drives economic development.changes the urban form,and in fluences production technologies,citizen lifestyles,and societal values.However,urbanization can have negative impacts on social equity,public health,and the natural environment.Leveraging the positive effects of urbanization while mitigating the negative effects is necessary for sustaining urban progress and improving human settlements.Otherwise,the"urban disease"and regional inequalities caused by urbanization will become increasingly severe,especially in rapidly urbanizing countries.

关键词： urbanization positive negative effects

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Urban flood risk assessment under rapid urbanization in Zhengzhou City,China

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区域可持续发展(英文) 2023年第3期4卷 332-348页

作者： LI Guoyi LIU Jiahong SHAO Weiwei State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin China Institute of Water Resource and Hydropower ResearchBeijing100038China Water Resources and Water Ecological Engineering Technology Research Center of Ministry of Water Resources Beijing100044China

With accelerated urbanization and climate change,urban flooding is becoming more and more serious.Flood risk assessment is an important task for flood management,so it is crucial to map the spatial and temporal distribution of flood risk.This paper proposed an urban flood risk assessment method that takes into account the influences of hazard,vulnerability,and exposure,by constructing a multi-index urban flood risk assessment framework based on Geographic Information System(GIS).To determine the weight values of urban flood risk index factors,we used the analytic hierarchy process(AHP).Also,we plotted the temporal and spatial distribution maps of flood risk in Zhengzhou City in 2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2020.The analysis results showed that,the proportion of very high and high flood risk zone in Zhengzhou City was 1.362%,5.270%,4.936%,12.151%,and 24.236%in 2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2020,respectively.It is observed that the area of high flood risk zones in Zhengzhou City showed a trend of increasing and expanding,of which Dengfeng City,Xinzheng City,Xinmi City,and Zhongmu County had the fastest growth rate and the most obvious increase.The flood risk of Zhengzhou City has been expanding with the development of urbanization.The method is adapted to Zhengzhou City and will have good adaptability in other research areas,and its risk assessment results can provide a scientific reference for urban flood management personnel.In the future,the accuracy of flood risk assessment can be further improved by promoting the accuracy of basic data and reasonably determining the weight values of index factors.The risk zoning map can better reflect the risk distribution and provide a scientific basis for early warning of flood prevention and drainage.

关键词： Urban flood Flood risk assessment Geographic Information System(GIS) Multi-index system method urbanization Zhengzhou City

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Toward a sustainable future:Examining the interconnectedness among Foreign Direct Investment(FDI),urbanization,trade openness,economic growth,and energy usage in Australia

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Regional Sustainability 2023年第4期4卷 405-415页

作者： Liton Chandra VOUMIK Md.Hasanur RAHMAN Md.Maznur RAHMAN Mohammad RIDWAN Salma AKTER Asif RAIHAN Department of Economics Noakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhali3814Bangladesh Department of Economics Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib UniversityJamalpur2000Bangladesh Department of Economics Comilla UniversityCumilla3506Bangladesh Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences University of ChittagongChittagong4331Bangladesh

The energy demand in Australia is increasing with the industrialization and rapid economic growth.This study analyzed the relationships among the economic growth,Foreign Direct Investment(FDI),trade openness,urbanization,and energy usage in Australia based on the data from World Development Indicators(WDI)from 1972 to 2021.The results indicates that there is a cointegration among economic growth,FDI,trade openness,urbanization,and energy usage,which was traced through the autoregressivedistributed lag(ARDL).The Zivot-Andrews unit root test reveals that energy usage,economic growth,FDI,urbanization,and trade openness show significant structural breaks in 1993,1996,1982,2008,and 1994,respectively.The ARDL model shows that economic growth has a positive and significant effect on energy usage in the long-run(0.814)and short-run(0.809).Moreover,the results also show that FDI(0.028)and trade openness(0.043)have positive impacts on energy usage in the long-run.However,urbanization shows a negative and significant influence on energy usage in the long-run(–0.965).Then,the research demonstrates a unidirectional causation between energy usage and trade openness,with energy usage significantly causing trade openness.The current study endorses energy consumption policies and investment strategies for a paradigm shifting from a reliance on fossil fuels as the primary energy source to renewable energy sources.These findings have profound implications for sustainable energy usage.

关键词： Renewable energy Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) Trade openness urbanization Climate change Marshallian Demand Function

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