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Coping with water scarcity in Kashafroud G-WADI Basin, Iran: climate change or growing demands?

Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2013年第1期5卷 96-108页

作者： Sedigheh Torabi Palatkaleh Niloofar Sadeghi Kobra Estiri Meisam Ashouri water Engineering Head of Water Allocation Group Ministry of Energy Iran water Management Prgramme Officer for Natural Sciences UNESCO Tehran Cluster Office water Allocation Group Ministry of Energy Iran

This paper assesses the various factors contributing to climate change in the region of the Kashaffoud G-WADI Basin in Iron; quanti- fies the local impacts of climate change, especially local water scarcity; and simulates and discusses several proposed methods to combat these impacts. Hydrologic and climatic data are statistically analyzed and VENSIM modeling is used for various simulations of water resources in the basin. Results show that the natural climate changes affecting Kashafroud Basin include increased tempera- ture, less rainfall, more frequent droughts, and changes in rainfall patterns, all of which are local symptoms of climate change in recent years. However, the most important challenge in the basin is the overexploitation of surface and groundwater resources to meet the growing water demands, especially domestic needs. Changes in land use, reallocation of water uses, groundwater depletion, and deg- radation of the quality of surface waters have all contributed to significant changes in the environmental features of this basin, and are the main reason why water demands now exceed the renewal capacity of the basin. Proposed response measures include reallocation of resources among different uses, inter-basin water ~ansfers, drawing water from six small dams on the Kashafroud River, reducing groundwater extraction, and replacing groundwater extraction for agriculture by reuse of urban wastewater. This study concludes that although changes in global climatic pararneters have altered environmental features in the basin, local factors, such as water utilization beyond the renewable capacity of the basin, are more significant in worsening the impacts of climate change.

关键词： climate change drought water resource management groundwater depletion Kashaffoud G-WADI Basin urbandrinking water demand inter basin water aansfer Hariroud River

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