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An empirical research of urbanization and urban-rural gap in China:1952-2005

Ecological Economy 2008年第4期4卷 403-409页

作者： Ye Chao Cao Zhidong Chen Mingxing Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 P. R. China Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China

There are two important problems of urban-rural relationship in China nowadays： the accelerated urbanization process and an enlarged urban-rural gap. The researchers can be divided into two schools according to their emphasis. One emphasizes particularly the urban development, and the other pays attention to the urban-rural income gap. However, there is a very strong association between urbanization rate and urban-rural inequality. As far as it goes, there is a paradox between urbanization and urban-rural inequality in China. This main reason lies＇ in the different temporal and spatial scales chosen by the scholars. Making use of correlative analysis and wavelet method, this paper rethinks and sums up the commonly evolving characteristics and trends between urbanization and urban-rural gap from 1950s to now. There is an intensively positive correlation between urbanization and urban- rural consumption gap. In general, with the acceleration of urbanization, urban-rural gap of China has undergone three stages of cyclical fluctuations. The rapid urbanization results in the increase of urban-rural highly risky. In addition, the special stage of urbanization is the other reason that expands urban-rural gap.

关键词： urbanization urban-rural relation urban-rural gap Correlative analysis Wavelet analysis

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Epidemiological-survey-based multidimensional modeling for understanding daily mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic across urban-rural gradient in the Chinese mainland

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2023年第4期26卷 603-615页

作者： Feng Zhao Zixuan Dai Wenyu Zhang Yiting Shan Cheng Fu Key Laboratory of Geographical Process Analysis&Simulation of Hubei Province Central China Normal UniversityWuhanChina College of urban and Environmental Sciences Central China Normal UniversityWuhanChina Department of Geography University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland

Human mobility survey data usually suffer from a lack of resources for *** survey records,which are released to the public as a containment measure by local authorities,provide place visitation details validated by the *** study collected and analyzed the epidemiological survey reports published by local governments in the Chinese mainland,between January 2020 and November *** reveal the mobility patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic across the urban-rural gradient in China’s mainland,we derived key mobility indicators from the epidemiological survey data from rural to *** then applied exploratory factor analysis to identify latent factors that affected people’s *** found that the pandemic poses varying impacts across the urban-rural gradient in the Chinese mainland,and the mobility patterns of middle and small cities are more *** results also showed that the pandemic did not enlarge gender gap in people’s mobility,as gender was not a significant driving factor for explaining people’s quantity of out-of-home activities as well as extent of life space,while age group and city levels were ***,we argue that the epidemiological survey data are valuable data sources for daily mobility modeling,especially for relevant studies to understand human mobility patterns during the pandemic.

关键词： Human mobility epidemiological survey exploratory factor analysis gender gap urban-rural gap COVID-19 pandemic

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Inequality of rural residents'income in China since the targeted poverty alleviation strategy:New trends,causes,and policy implications

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2024年第4期16卷 201-213页

作者： Qin Ji JianPing Yang YuNan Chu HongJu Chen XinYu Guo State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Traffic and Transportation Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhouGansu 730070China

Poverty and income inequality are problems faced by many countries including *** the implementation of Targeted Poverty Alleviation(TPA),absolute poverty has been eradicated,meanwhile,Chinese rural residents' income and inequality have experienced unprecedented new dynamics,but still,very few studies have focused on ***,we attempt to examine the new trends in Chinese farmers' income inequality and to understand its causes during this *** observe that China's urban-rural income ratio has been shrinking and the urban-rural inequality has been decreasing from 2014 to *** reduction in the Theil index indicates a decrease in the regional inequality of farmers' income as well,and the decline in inter-regional inequality among eight economic zones contributes about 80% to increased *** new trends are caused by the fact that,with the TPA,the incomes of rural residents especially that in destitute areas,grew faster than that of urban residents and farmers in prosperous *** higher share of non-agricultural industry and agricultural mechanization level have significant positive impact on regional equality of farmers' income,while urban-rural dual structure has significant negative inhibitory *** lowest farmers' income and the highest inequality in the Northwest,and the slowest growth in the Northeast deserve more attention in rural *** these findings,we propose four policy implications that would be applied to improve Chinese farmers' income equality,govern relative poverty,and achieve common prosperity in the post-poverty era.

关键词： rural residents'income Inequality urban-rural gap Regional disparity Targeted poverty alleviation

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Does Chinese Environmental Policy Affect Income Inequality? Evidence from the Central Environmental Protection Inspection

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China & World Economy 2024年第3期32卷 130-161页

作者： Xiaoyun Wei Chuanmin Zhao China Academy for rural Development and School of Public Affairs Zhejiang UniversityChina China Investment Corporation China

This paper investigates the effect of environmental policy on income *** focuses on the central environmental protection inspection led by the central government in *** a diference-in-diferences approach,it finds evidence that environmental regulation decreased the per capita income and enlarged the gap between urban and rural income while showing an insignificant effect on *** the policy can reduce pollution levels and bring environmental benefits in aggregate,the findings of this study suggest that the regulations appear to have reduced the proportion of manufacturing industry and hindered general innovation and investment from entrepreneurs,which resulted in greater *** residents suffered more from environmental regulation due to relatively high migration costs and their disadvantaged human resources on the aspects of health,education level,and *** local government's execution incentive can also play a key role in the effectiveness of environmental *** with lower GDP growth targets and younger government leaders were affected significantly with regard to the income growth of local residents and the urban-rural income gap.

关键词： central environmental protection inspection income inequality promotion incentive top-down policy urban-rural gap

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城镇化、城乡差距与中国经济的包容性增长

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社会主义经济理论与实践 2018年第6期 41-60页

作者：范建双虞晓芬周琳

研究目标：分析城镇化、城乡差距对经济包容性增长的影响。研究方法：采用Hicks-Moorsteen指数测算经济包容性全要素生产率(TFP)；建立理论分析框架，采用空间计量模型从直接影响和溢出效应两方面进行实证检验。研究发现：同时考虑城乡... 详细信息

研究目标：分析城镇化、城乡差距对经济包容性增长的影响。研究方法：采用Hicks-Moorsteen指数测算经济包容性全要素生产率(TFP)；建立理论分析框架，采用空间计量模型从直接影响和溢出效应两方面进行实证检验。研究发现：同时考虑城乡收入差距和非收入差距的包容性TFP要低于传统TFP，即传统TFP可能被高估。城镇化本身对包容性增长没有显著的影响，但由城镇化引起的城乡非收入差距扩大对包容性增长具有显著的负面直接影响；城乡收入差距和非收入差距的缩小对包容性增长具有促进效应，二者的交叉项同时存在显著负向直接影响和溢出效应。研究创新：将城乡非收入差距纳入包容性增长的分析框架并从直接影响和溢出效应两个维度进行分析。研究价值：对有序推进城镇化进程和实现经济包容性增长有重要现实意义。

关键词：城镇化城乡差距包容性增长 Hicks-Moorsteen 空间面板 urbanization urban-rural gap inclusive growth Hicks-Moorsteen spatial panel

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我国城乡差距的质变及政策含义

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社会主义经济理论与实践 2005年第7期 23-27页

作者：雷晓宁

1985年以后，特别是工业化速度加快以后，我国城乡差距呈现加速扩大趋势。种种迹象显示，我国城乡差距已经由量变转化为质变，城乡差距由最初的外在制度引起，逐渐发展为内在地自我强化，形成恶性循环。尽管2004年以来，中央加大了支农... 详细信息

1985年以后，特别是工业化速度加快以后，我国城乡差距呈现加速扩大趋势。种种迹象显示，我国城乡差距已经由量变转化为质变，城乡差距由最初的外在制度引起，逐渐发展为内在地自我强化，形成恶性循环。尽管2004年以来，中央加大了支农力度，但是与城乡差距迅速扩大的趋势相比，这些政策力度还远远不够。要想打破恶性循环，根本消除城乡矛盾，就要彻底扭转“城市为主、农村为辅”的投资主导思想，在一段时期内有计划、有目标地重点投资农村，在农村掀起一场农业革命。

关键词：三农问题城乡差距农业革命 three-agricultural problem urban-rural gap agricultural revolution

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Expansion and Intergenerational Mobility of Education

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Social Sciences in China 2020年第2期41卷 50-64页

作者： Luo Chuliang Liu Xiaoxia Business School Beijing Normal University

Using data from the 2013 Chinese Household Income Project(CHIP2013),we analyze intergenerational educationa1 mobility and the distribution of benefits among different groups in the course of educational ***,educational expansion has raised educational mobility,reduced the possibility of downward intergenerational educational mobility,and increased the possibility of upward intergenerational ***,the degree to which different types of households have benefited from the expansion of education is closely related to the urban-rural gap and the level of parenta1 *** expansion of basic education has been more advantageous to the children of less-educated parents,whereas the expansion of higher education has mainly benefited the children of households with higher levels of parental education and to urban ***,therefore,China is to promote the balanced development of educational modernization and build a nation that is an educational power,it needs to make active adjustments at the policy leve1.

关键词： intergenerational educational mobility education expansion unequal educational opportunities urban-rural gap

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Study on the Path of rural Revitalization

Study on the Path of Rural Revitalization

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作者： Ningning Kong Economics and Management School of Yangtze University

The rural revitalization strategy proposed in the report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2017 has become the focus of the work of the whole party, which clearly states that the "three rural issues" should be the top priority of the work of the whole *** research on the path of rural revitalization strategy starts from the current status of rural revitalization, that is, our country’s rural revitalization is still in its infancy, and we study the problems and deficiencies in our country’s rural areas. Explore the path from rural tourism, cultural construction, talent cultivation to promote agricultural modernization, and industrial integration.

关键词： rural revitalization rural tourism Industrial Integration urban-rural gap

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城乡差距视角下农民农村共同富裕的现实挑战与实现路径

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社会主义经济理论与实践 2024年第5期

作者：杨沫

缩小城乡差距是实现农民农村共同富裕的重要内涵和重点任务。本文在系统梳理新中国成立以来我国城乡关系与城乡差距演化的基础上，从收入、消费、基本公共服务和机会公平等多维城乡差距视角，分析促进农民农村共同富裕所面临的现实挑战... 详细信息

缩小城乡差距是实现农民农村共同富裕的重要内涵和重点任务。本文在系统梳理新中国成立以来我国城乡关系与城乡差距演化的基础上，从收入、消费、基本公共服务和机会公平等多维城乡差距视角，分析促进农民农村共同富裕所面临的现实挑战。挑战主要包括：城乡收入消费相对差距缩小，但绝对差距扩大；城乡财产性收入之比高达10倍以上，农民在教育文化娱乐及服务性消费上存在不足，农民收入和消费结构亟待优化；城乡义务教育公共财政支出、医疗卫生和养老保障待遇差距过大；农村家庭子女的职业和教育代际向上流动通道受阻。面向2035加快促进农民农村共同富裕，需要以缩小城乡差距为着力点，促进农民收入快速增长，激发农村消费潜力，优化农村基本公共服务，畅通农村家庭代际向上流动渠道。

关键词：共同富裕农民农村城乡差距机会不平等 common prosperity rural residents and rural area urban-rural gap inequality of opportunity

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