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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 103-120页

作者： Zhiyu Shao Yuexin Li Huafeng Gong Hongxiang Chai College of Environment and Ecology Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment of Ministry of Education of Three Gorges Reservoir Area Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China T.Y.Lin International Engineering Consulting(China)Co.Ltd. Chongqing 400045China

urban roads can be designated as surface flood passages to transport excess runoff during extreme storms, thereby preventing local flooding, which is known as the major drainage system. However, this practice poses significant risks, including human loss and property damage, due to the high flow rate and velocity carried by roads. Moreover, urban roads with low flood-resilience may significantly hamper the transportation function during severe storms, leading to dysfunction of the city. Therefore, there is an urgent need to transform risk-oriented flood passages into resilient urban road-based flood passages. This paper presents a systematic review of existing methodologies in designing a road network-based flood passage system, along with the discussion of new technologies to enhance system resilience. The study also addresses current knowledge gaps and future directions. The results indicate that flood management measures based on the urban road network should integrate accessibility assessment, lifeline and emergency planning to ensure human well-being outcomes. Furthermore, the special needs and features of vulnerable groups must be taken into serious consideration during the planning stage. In addition, a data-driven approach is recommended to facilitate real-time management and evaluate future works.

关键词： Major drainage Flood mitigation Resilient city Stormwater model urban flooding

Spatial diversion and coordination of flood water for an urban flood control project in Suzhou, China

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Water Science and Engineering 2024年第2期17卷 108-117页

作者： Yu Xu You-peng Xu Qiang Wang Yue-feng Wang Chao Gao Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China State Key Laboratoryof Hydology Water Resources and Hydraulic Enginering Nanjing Hydraulic Research InstitueNanjing 210029China Laboratory of Sustainable urban Drainage Ningbo UniversityNingbo 31521lChina Schol of Gegraphical and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing UniversiyNanjing 210023China School of Geography and Tourism Chongqing Normal UniversityChongqing 401331China

Suzhou City,located in the Yangtze River Delta in China,is prone to flooding due to a complex combination of natural factors,including its monsoon climate,low elevation,and tidally influenced position,as well as intensive human activities.The Large Encirclement Flood Control Project(LEFCP)was launched to cope with serious floods in the urban area.This project changed the spatiotemporal pattern of flood processes and caused spatial diversion of floods from the urban area to the outskirts of the city.Therefore,this study developed a distributed flood simulation model in order to understand this transition of flood processes.The results revealed that the LEFCP effectively protected the urban areas from floods,but the present scheduling schemes resulted in the spatial diversion of floods to the outskirts of the city.With rainstorm frequencies of 10.0%to 0.5%,the water level differences between two representative water level stations(Miduqiao(MDQ)and Fengqiao(FQ))located inside and outside the LEFCP area,ranged from 0.75 m to 0.24 m and from 1.80 m to 1.58 m,respectively.In addition,the flood safety margin at MDQ and the duration with the water level exceeding the warning water level at FQ ranged from 0.95 m to 0.43 m and from 4 h to 22 h,respectively.Rational scheduling schemes for the hydraulic facilities of the LEFCP in extreme precipitation cases were developed ac-cording to food simulations under seven scheduling scenarios.This helps to regulate the spatial flood diversion caused by the LEFCP during extreme precipitation.

关键词： urban flooding urban flood control project Rainstorm fregue ncy Flood simulation model Suzhou City

urban and river flooding:Comparison of flood risk management approaches in the UK and China and an assessment of future knowledge needs

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Water Science and Engineering 2019年第4期12卷 274-283页

作者： Matteo Rubinato Andrew Nichols Yong Peng Jian-min Zhang Craig Lashford Yan-peng Cai Peng-zhi Lin Simon Tait Faculty of Engineering Environment and ComputingSchool of EnergyConstruction and EnvironmentCoventry UniversityCoventry CV15FBUK Centre for Agroecology Water and ResilienceCoventry UniversityCoventry CV15FBUK Civil and Structural Engineering Department University of SheffieldSheffield S13JDUK State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China School of Environment Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Increased urbanisation,economic growth,and long-term climate variability have made both the UK and China more susceptible to urban and river flooding,putting people and property at increased risk.This paper presents a review of the current flooding challenges that are affecting the UK and China and the actions that each country is undertaking to tackle these problems.Particular emphases in this paper are laid on(1)learning from previous flooding events in the UK and China,and(2)which management methodologies are commonly used to reduce flood risk.The paper concludes with a strategic research plan suggested by the authors,together with proposed ways to overcome identified knowledge gaps in flood management.Recommendations briefly comprise the engagement of all stakeholders to ensure a proactive approach to land use planning,early warning systems,and water-sensitive urban design or redesign through more effective policy,multi-level flood models,and data driven models of water quantity and quality.

关键词： urban flooding River flooding Water management Review Strategic research plans Sponge cities

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Journal of Systems Science and Information 2018年第2期9卷 134-151页

作者： Xiaoyu ZHU Yuxiang FAN Junguang GAO School of Economics and Management Beihang University Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for City Safety Operation and Emergency Support Business School Beijing Technology and Business University

As the pace of urbanization is accelerating, increasing amount of floodplain has been projected as the future cities. Subsequently, urban flooding is being studied by global emergency management exports due to its increasingly significant impact on us. Some existing research on flooding emergency management based on the case-based reasoning(CBR) method have made tremendous progress, but the urban flooding case with its stratified data characteristics is required a new methodology which is different from the ones applied to flash floods. So, based on the case-based reasoning(CBR) method, this paper proposed a CPIE-CBR model with four layers, classification filtration, punctiform similarity, interval similarity and entropy weight method, to calculate the case similarity among the urban flooding case with stratified data characteristics. Then we carry out the numerical simulation with the real data about China and conduct some comparison with original ways so that we observe the validity and efficiency of our model in the end.

关键词： urban flooding CBR case similarity emergency management

urbanization Impact on Regional Climate and Extreme Weather:Current Understanding,Uncertainties,and Future Research Directions

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第6期39卷 819-860页

作者： Yun QIAN TC CHAKRABORTY Jianfeng LI Dan LI Cenlin HE Chandan SARANGI Fei CHEN Xuchao YANG L.Ruby LEUNG Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA 99354USA Yale University New HavenCT 06520USA Department of Earth and Environment Boston UniversityMA 02215USA National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderCO 80301USA Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennaiTamil Nadu 600036India Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027China

urban environments lie at the confluence of social,cultural,and economic activities and have unique biophysical characteristics due to continued infrastructure development that generally replaces natural landscapes with built-up structures.The vast majority of studies on urban perturbation of local weather and climate have been centered on the urban heat island(UHI)effect,referring to the higher temperature in cities compared to their natural surroundings.Besides the UHI effect and heat waves,urbanization also impacts atmospheric moisture,wind,boundary layer structure,cloud formation,dispersion of air pollutants,precipitation,and storms.In this review article,we first introduce the datasets and methods used in studying urban areas and their impacts through both observation and modeling and then summarize the scientific insights on the impact of urbanization on various aspects of regional climate and extreme weather based on more than 500 studies.We also highlight the major research gaps and challenges in our understanding of the impacts of urbanization and provide our perspective and recommendations for future research priorities and directions.

关键词： urbanization regional climate extreme weather urban heat island urban flooding

Street floods in Metro Manila and possible solutions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第9期29卷 39-47页

作者： Alfredo Mahar Lagmay Jerico Mendoza Fatima Cipriano Patricia Anne Delmendo Micah Nieves Lacsamana Marc Anthony Moises Nicanor Pellejera III Kenneth Nino Punay Glenn Sabio Laurize Santos Jonathan Serrano Herbert James Taniza Neil Eneri Tingin National Institute of Geological Sciences University of the PhilippinesQuezon City 1101Philippines Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards PhiI-LiDAR 1Flood Modelling Component UP NIGSQuezon City 1101Philippines

urban floods from thunderstorms cause severe problems in Metro Manila due to road traffic. Using Light Detection and Ranging（Li DAR）-derived topography, flood simulations and anecdotal reports, the root of surface flood problems in Metro Manila is identified.Majority of flood-prone areas are along the intersection of creeks and streets located in topographic lows. When creeks overflow or when rapidly accumulated street flood does not drain fast enough to the nearest stream channel, the intersecting road also gets flooded.Possible solutions include the elevation of roads or construction of well-designed drainage structures leading to the creeks. Proposed solutions to the flood problem of Metro Manila may avoid paralyzing traffic problems due to short-lived rain events, which according to Japan International Cooperation Agency（JICA） cost the Philippine economy 2.4 billion pesos/day.

关键词： Flood modeling LiDAR urban flooding

Possibilities of urban flood reduction through distributed-scale rainwater harvesting

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Water Science and Engineering 2020年第2期13卷 95-105页

作者： Aysha Akter Ahad Hasan Tanim MdKamrul Islam Department of Civil Engineering Chittagong University of Engineering&Technology(CUET)Chittagong 4349Bangladesh Center for River Harbor and Landslide ResearchChittagong University of Engineering&Technology(CUET)Chittagong 4349Bangladesh Department of urban and Regional Planning Chittagong University of Engineering&Technology(CUET)Chittagong 4349Bangladesh

urban flooding in Chittagong City usually occurs during the monsoon season and a rainwater harvesting(RWH)system can be used as a remedial measure.This study examines the feasibility of rain barrel RWH system at a distributed scale within an urbanized area located in the northwestern part of Chittagong City that experiences flash flooding on a regular basis.For flood modeling,the storm water management model(SWMM)was employed with rain barrel low-impact development(LID)as a flood reduction measure.The Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System(HEC-RAS)inundation model was coupled with SWMM to observe the detailed and spatial extent of flood reduction.Compared to SWMM simulated floods,the simulated inundation depth using remote sensing data and the HEC-RAS showed a reasonable match,i.e.,the correlation coefficients were found to be 0.70 and 0.98,respectively.Finally,using LID,i.e.,RWH,a reduction of 28.66%could be achieved for reducing flood extent.Moreover,the study showed that 10%e60%imperviousness of the subcatchment area can yield a monthly RWH potential of 0.04e0.45 m3 from a square meter of rooftop area.The model can be used for necessary decision making for flood reduction and to establish a distributed RWH system in the study area.

关键词： Low-impact development(LID) SWMM HEC-RAS Remote sensing urban flooding Inundation depth

The Importance of Digital Elevation Model Selection in Flood Simulation and a Proposed Method to Reduce DEM Errors:A Case Study in Shanghai

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第6期12卷 890-902页

作者： Kepeng Xu Jiayi Fang Yongqiang Fang Qinke Sun Chengbo Wu Min Liu School of Geographic Sciences East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science(Ministry of Education) East China Normal University.Shanghai 200241China Institute of Eco-Chongming East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

Digital Elevation Models(DEMs)play a critical role in hydrologic and hydraulic modeling.Flood inundation mapping is highly dependent on the accuracy of DEMs.Various vertical differences exist among open access DEMs as they use various observation satellites and algorithms.The problem is particularly acute in small,flat coastal cities.Thus,it is necessary to assess the differences of the input of DEMs in flood simulation and to reduce anomalous errors of DEMs.In this study,we first conducted urban flood simulation in the Huangpu River Basin in Shanghai by using the LISFLOOD-FP hydrodynamic model and six open-access DEMs(SRTM,MERIT,CoastalDEM,GDEM,NASADEM,and AW3D30),and analyzed the differences in the results of the flood inundation simulations.Then,we processed the DEMs by using two statistically based methods and compared the results with those using the original DEMs.The results show that:(1)the flood inundation mappings using the six original DEMs are significantly different under the same simulation conditions—this indicates that only using a single DEM dataset may lead to bias of flood mapping and is not adequate for high confidence analysis of exposure and flood management;and(2)the accuracy of a DEM corrected by the Dixon criterion for predicting inundation extent is improved,in addition to reducing errors in extreme water depths—this indicates that the corrected datasets have some performance improvement in the accuracy of flood simulation.A freely available,accurate,high-resolution DEM is needed to support robust flood mapping.Flood-related researchers,practitioners,and other stakeholders should pay attention to the uncertainty caused by DEM quality.

关键词： Digital elevation models Dixon criterion Hydraulic modeling Shanghai urban flooding

Discharge-Stage Relationship on urban Streams Evaluated at USGS Gauging Stations,St.Louis,Missouri

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Journal of Earth Science 2020年第6期31卷 1133-1141页

作者： Robert E.Criss David L.Nelson Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington UniversitySt.Louis MO 63130USA Columbia Cir Pasadena CA 91105USA

Extensive USGS data tables and detailed,1 m2 Li DAR surveys are used to determine the optimal power n that relates discharge(Q)to stage(h*)above channel bottom(ho)at 39 gauging stations on small streams in the St.Louis,Missouri area,all of which have catchments of 0.6 to 220 km2.Four different methodologies are employed to determine both n and ho:(1)optimizing linearity in a plot of Q1/n vs.local stage(hL)using USGS field measurements at each site;(2)optimizing linearity in a plot of Q1/n vs.hL using USGS rating tables at each site;(3)a mathematical inverse method applied to the same USGS rating tables;(4)use of Li DAR data on channel geometry to determine the power dependences of channel area A and hydraulic radius H on h*,combined with the Manning and rational equations to predict n.Of these methods,only methods 2 and 3 compare favorably,and these values compare poorly with Method 1 based on field data,and with method 4 based on theoretical and empirical relationships.Because Method 4 is predictive,it provides a useful alternative to methods 1–3 that are based on USGS field measurements,which are heavily weighted toward low discharges.We conclude that the apparent values of n in the USGS rating tables are systematically too low for small streams.

关键词： stream gauging Li DAR topography urban flooding discharge hydrology