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Scale-up of biomass conversion using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate as the solvent

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Green Energy & Environment 2019年第4期4卷 432-438页

作者： Ling Liang Jipeng Yan Qian He Tina Luong Todd R.Pray Blake A.Simmons Ning Sun Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Process Development Unit Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryEmeryvilleCA94608USA Joint BioEnergy Institute Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryEmeryvilleCA94608USA

This scale-up study demonstrated the feasibility of an ionic liquid(IL)pretreatment process at 40 kg scale,using the IL 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate([C2C1Im][OAc])as the solvent.The pretreatment was followed by enzymatic hydrolysis through which the process efficiency for biomass conversion to monomeric sugars was determined.The results show that 43 wt%of switchgrass was dissolved in IL after 2 h of pretreatment at 160℃ with 15 wt%solid loading.A 120 h enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated switchgrass results in 96%glucan and 98%xylan conversion.[C2C1Im][OAc]pretreatment has been successfully scaled up to 40 kg with improved sugar titers and yields relative to bench scale(6 kg).The mass flow of the overall process was established and the major scale-up challenges of the process were identified.

关键词： Ionic liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate Pretreatment Scale up Enzyme

Association between tear film break up time and blink interval in visual display terminal users

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第10期11卷 1691-1697页

作者： Miki Uchino Motoko Kawashima Yuichi Uchino Kazuo Tsubota Norihiko Yokoi Department of Ophthalmology Keio University School of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine

AIM:To investigate the association between tear film break up time(TBUT)and blinking interval in visual display terminal(VDT)users.METHODS:Nine hundred and thirty VDT users underwent dry eye testing,and functional visual acuity(FVA)test.The blinking interval during FVA was compared with TBUT.Subjects with longer blinking interval than TBUT were considered as unstable tear film.Logistic regression analysis revealed the risk factors for unstable tear group.RESULTS:Among 930 workers,858 subjects(92.3%)participated in this study.Almost 80% of the subjects were categorized into the unstable tear group.Unstable tear group has significantly lower Schirmer values and TBUT(17.5±11.6 vs 21.1±11.5 mm,3.7±2.6 vs 5.7±2.7s,both Pup[odds ratio(OR)=1.53;95%confidence interval(CI)=1.06-2.20].Contact lens use was protective factor for being in the unstable tear group(OR=0.37;95%CI=0.26-0.53).CONCLUSION:Subjects with shorter TBUT than blinking interval are prevalent among VDT users.Subjects over the age of 40 shows an increased risk for unstable tear film.

关键词： dry eye disease blink interval tear film break up time visual display terminal use

Jack up reliability analysis:An overview

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2018年第4期12卷 504-514页

作者： Ahmad IDRIS Indra Sati Hamonangan HARAHAP Montasir Osman Ahmed ALI Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Universiti Teknologi PetronasBandar Seri Iskandar32610Malaysia

Jack up is a mobile unit used for oil and gas exploration and production in offshore fields.On demand,the unit is moved and installed in a given location and used for a period up to 12months before being un-installed and moved to another location.Due to its mobility and re-usability,when the unit is offered for use in a given offshore location,its suitability in terms of safe operation is evaluated in accordance with the guidelines of Site Specific Assessment (SSA)of jack up.When the unit failed safety assessment criteria,the guideline recommended that it is re-assessed by increasing the complexity of the assumptions and methods used.Reliability analysis theories are one of the frameworks recommended for the safety assessment of the units.With recent developments in uncertainty and reliability analysis of structures subject to stochastic excitation,this study aims at providing a review on the past developments in jack up reliability analysis and to identify possible future directions.The results from literature reviewed shows that failure probabilities vary significantly with analysis method used.In addition,from the variants of reliability analysis approach,the method of time dependent reliability for dynamic structures subject to stochastic excitation have not been implemented on jack ups. Consequently,suggestions were made on the areas that need further examination for improvement of the efficiency in safety assessment of the units using reliability theories.

关键词： jack up reliability analysis uncertainty analysis review of jack up

Highlights of genetics research over the past four decades in China

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2018年第11期45卷 561-562页

作者： Yongbiao Xue Yaping Zhang Journal of Genetics and Genomics China Genetics Society of China China

The year of 2018 marks China's 40th anniversary of the reform and opening up.Coincidently,this year is also the 40th anniversary of Genetics Society of China (GSC),one of the largest academic organizations in China.In October of 1978,GSC was formally established in Nanjing,ushering a new era of genetics research in China,and its mission is to promote genetics research and education.

关键词： genetics research China opening up

Feather evolution: looking up close and through deep time

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Science Bulletin 2019年第9期64卷 563-564页

作者： Xing Xu Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology & PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Chinese Academy of Sciences

The last two decades have witnessed significant advances in our understanding of the evolution of major avian characteristics(1–6)In particular, the spectacular discoveries of fossilized feathered dinosaurs from China and elsewhere have provided key insights into feather evolution (1,2)These fossils indicate that many non-avialan dinosaurs were feathered animals just like living birds.

关键词： looking up close and through deep time

Forty Years of Reform and Opening up:The Birth and Development of China's Criminal Justice System

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2019年第1期14卷 73-85页

作者：卞建林谢潮 China University of Political Science and Law Beijing 100088China School of Criminal Justice China University of Political Science and LawBeijing 100088China

The Third Plenary Session of the 11 th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in 1978 marked the initiation of the policy of reform and opening up in China,beginning a new chapter in the construction of a socialist legal system.The first Chinese criminal procedure law was promulgated the following year and was revised twice in 1996 and 2012.Although remarkable progress has been made,the level of the rule of law in China's criminal procedure must still be improved to meet the goal of modernizing the criminal rule of law.

关键词： reform and opening up criminal procedure litigation systems trial-centered leniency for confession and acceptance of punishment

Automatic video mosaicking algorithm via dynamic key-frame

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2020年第2期31卷 272-278页

作者： JI Yufeng LI Weixing FENG Kai XING Boyang PAN Feng School of Automation Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Kunming-BIT Industry Technology Research Institute Co. LtdKunming 650106China

Automatic video mosaicking is a challenging task in computer vision. Current researches consider either panoramic or mapping tasks on short videos. In this paper, an automatic mosaicking algorithm is proposed for both mapping and panoramic tasks based on the adapted key-frame on videos of any length.The speeded up robust features(SURF) and the grid motion statistic(GMS) algorithm are used for feature extraction and matching between consecutive frames, which are used to compute the transformation. In order to reduce the influence of the accumulated error during image stitching, an evaluation metric is put forward for the transformation matrix. Besides, a self-growth method is employed to stitch the global image for long videos. The algorithm is evaluated by using aerial-view and panoramic videos respectively on the graphic processing unit(GPU) device, which can satisfy the real-time requirement. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to achieve a better performance than the state-of-art.

关键词： video mosaicking image stitching speeded up robust feature(SURF) panorama mapping

Blow up for Systems of Wave Equations in Exterior Domain

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2019年第3期40卷 339-348页

作者： Xiuwen LUO School of Mathematical Sciences Fudan University

In this paper the author studies the initial boundary value problem of semilinear wave systems in exterior domain in high dimensions(n ≥ 3). Blow up result is established and what is more, the author gets the upper b... 详细信息

关键词： Wave equations Exterior domain Blow up Lifespan

Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor case with a preoperative course of 26 years: A case report and literature review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第24期24卷 2640-2646页

作者： Xiang-Fei Meng Ying-Wei Pan Zhan-Bo Wang Wei-Dong Duan Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Chinese PLA General Hospital Department of Pathology Chinese PLA General Hospital

Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor(PHNET) is an extremely rare liver tumor. Patients often have no clinical symptoms or have only non-specific symptoms, such as abdominal pain and abdominal mass. The clinical manifestations, disease development, treatment methods, and treatment outcomes of PHNET vary greatly among cases. Here we report a case of PHNET with a confirmed 26-year survival before surgery. The patient was a 56-year-old female. A large right hepatic mass was detected when the patient was 30 years old. The tumor could not be removed during exploratory laparotomy, and constriction of the right hepatic artery and biopsy were conducted. Pathological results indicated a diagnosis of benign tumor, but a confirmed diagnosis was not reached. Twenty-six years after the patient had been living with the tumor, she sought treatment again because of tumor progression. After systematic evaluation of the resectability, the tumor was resected. Based on the examination results of the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, intraoperative examination results, pathological findings, and long-term follow-up results, the diagnosis of PHNET was confirmed. This case represents the longest reported survival time for a PHNET patient before removal of the tumor.

关键词： Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor Surgery Pathology Radiology Surgical plan Follow up