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A new unified theory of electromagnetic and gravitational interactions

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Frontiers of physics 2016年第6期11卷 35-66页

作者： Li-Xin Li Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Beijing 100871 China

In this paper we present a new unified theory of electromagnetic and gravitational interactions. By considering a four-dimensional spacetime as a hypersurface embedded in a five-dimensional bulk spacetime, we derive the complete set of field equations in the four-dimensional spacetime from the five-dimensional Einstein field equation. Besides the Einstein field equation in the four-dimensional spacetime, an electromagnetic field equation is obtained: del F-a(ab) - xi R-b (a)A(a) = -4 pi J(b) with xi = -2, where F-ab is the antisymmetric electromagnetic field tensor defined by the potential vector A(a), R-ab is the Ricci curvature tensor of the hypersurface, and J(a) is the electric current density vector. The electromagnetic field equation differs from the Einstein-Maxwell equation by a curvature-coupled term xi R-b (a)A(a), whose presence addresses the problem of incompatibility of the Einstein-Maxwell equation with a universe containing a uniformly distributed net charge, as discussed in a previous paper by the author [L.-X. Li, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 48, 28 (2016)]. Hence, the new unified theory is physically different from Kaluza-Klein theory and its variants in which the Einstein-Maxwell equation is derived. In the four-dimensional Einstein field equation derived in the new theory, the source term includes the stress-energy tensor of electromagnetic fields as well as the stress-energy tensor of other unidentified matter. Under certain conditions the unidentified matter can be interpreted as a cosmological constant in the four-dimensional spacetime. We argue that, the electromagnetic field equation and hence the unified theory presented in this paper can be tested in an environment with a high mass density, e.g., inside a neutron star or a white dwarf, and in the early epoch of the universe.

关键词： general relativity Maxwell's equations unified field theory Kaluza-Klein theory brane world theory

TRIAD PHILOSOPHY AND TRIAD SCIENCE BASED ON TRIAD LOGIC

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2000年第4期 110-118页

作者：叶鹰

Based on a new ternary logic(triad logic), triad philosophy and triad science are introduced. In triad philosophy, triad ontology, triad methodology and triad epistemology have been developed. In triad science, The concept of quantity coordinate is introduced and that the idea of quantity\|space\|time cannot be separated is established. Einstein gravitational field, Maxwell electromagnetic field and Yang\|Mills gauge field have been unified in form with a unified action. Eleven dimension field and vacuum are interpreted by the unified theory. A new triad cosmos model and the idea of substance generation have been proposed. With triad methodology, a new unified philosophical and scientific system has been established for combining all human knowledge together as a whole.

关键词： triad philosophy triad science ternary logic methodology unified field theory cosmology4

Analysis of the Electromagnetic Characteristics and the Mechanism Underlying Bio-Medical Function of Longitudinal Electromagnetic (LEM) Waves

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2024年第10期12卷 31-49页

作者： Jianzhong Jiang Yufeng Wang Department of Mechanical Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China Wuxi Hongyu Automobile Parts Manufacturing Co. Ltd. Wuxi China

Based on theoretical system of current Maxwell’s equations, the Maxwell’s equations for LEM waves concealed in full current law and Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (Faraday’s law) are proposed. Then, taking them as the fundamental equations, the wave equation and energy equation of LEM waves are established, and a new electromagnetic wave propagation mode based on the mutual induction of scalar electromagnetic fields/vortex magneto-electric fields, which was overlooked in current Maxwell’s equations, are put forward. Moreover, through theoretical derivation based on vacuum LEM waves, the Maxwell’s equations of the gravitational field generated by vacuum LEM waves, the wave equations of the electromagnetic scalar potential/magnetic vector potential and the constraint equation governing the wave phase-velocities between LEM/TEM waves are discovered. Finally, on the basis of these theoretical research results, the electromagnetic properties of vacuum LEM waves are analyzed in detail, encompassing the speed of light, harmless penetrability to the human body, absorption and stable storage by water, the possibility of generating artificial gravitational fields, and the capability of extracting free energy. This reveals the medical functional mechanism of LEM waves and establishes a solid theoretical basis for the application of LEM waves in the fields of medicine and energy.

关键词： QED (Quantum Electrodynamics) Longitudinal Electromagnetic Wave Maxwell’s Equations Electromagnetic Induction Artificial Gravitational field unified field theory

The Geometrization of the Electromagnetic field

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2016年第12期4卷 2135-2171页

作者： Ilija Barukčić Jever Germany

Einstein used the term “unified field theory” in a title of a publication for the first time in 1925. Somewhat paradoxically, an adequate historical, physical and philosophical understanding of the dimension of Einstein’s unification program cannot be understood without fully acknowledging one of Einstein’s philosophical principles. Despite many disappointments, without finding a solution besides of the many different approaches along the unified field theory program and in ever increasing scientific isolation, Einstein insisted on the unity of objective reality as the foundation of the unity of science. Einstein’s engagement along his unification program was burdened with a number of difficulties and lastly in vain. Nevertheless, a successful geometrization of the gravitational and the electromagnetic fields within the framework of the general theory of relativity is possible. Thus far, it is a purpose of the present contribution to geometrize the electromagnetic field within the framework of the general theory of relativity.

关键词： Quantum theory Relativity theory unified field theory Causality

The Physical Meaning of the Wave Function

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2016年第6期4卷 988-1023页

作者： Ilija Barukčić Internist Horand Strasse Jever Germany

Under some well-defined conditions, the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics enables physicists, chemists and others to calculate and predict the outcome of a vast number of experiments. In fact, especially the Schr?dinger equation which involves an imaginary quantity describes how a quantum state of a physical system changes with time and is one of the main pillars of modern quantum mechanics. The wave function itself is a determining part of the Schrödinger equation, but the physical meaning of the wave function is still not clear. Altogether, does the wave function represent a new kind of reality? This publication will solve the problem of the physical meaning of the wave function by investigating the relationship between the wave function and the theory of special relativity. It is shown that the wave function is determined by notion co-ordinate time of the special theory of relativity. Moreover, the result of this investigation suggests a new understanding of the wave function, according to which the wave function and co-ordinate time of the theory of special relativity are equivalent.

关键词： Quantum theory Relativity theory unified field theory Causality

Newton’s Gravitational Constant Big G Is Not a Constant

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Journal of Modern Physics 2016年第6期7卷 510-522页

作者： Ilija Barukčić Horandstrasse Jever Germany

Newton’s gravitational constant Big OG, appearing in both Newton’s law of gravity and Einstein’s general relativity, is essential for our today’s understanding of gravity. Thus far, despite of the very long history of measurements of Newton’s gravitational constant Big OG, a definite value is still not in sight. Surprisingly, the results of different experiments have varied by much more than would be expected due to systematic or random errors. Why do measurements of Newton’s gravitational constant Big OG vary so much? The purpose of this publication is to provide a logically and mathematically self-consistent theoretical proof that Newton’s gravitational constant Big OG is not a constant.

关键词： Quantum theory Relativity theory unified field theory Causality

Anti Heisenberg—The End of Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2016年第5期4卷 881-887页

作者： Ilija Barukčić Internist Horandstrasse Jever Germany

In contrast to many other physical theories, quantum mechanics is generally regarded as above any theory we have ever had and perhaps the best candidate for a universal and fundamental description of objective realty as such. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle is not the only aspect of the conceptual difference between quantum and classical physics but is certainly one of the most important and famous aspects of quantum mechanics. As we will see, quantum mechanics as a theory and especially Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle challenges not only our imagination but violates some fundamental principles of classical logic as such. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle is refuted.

关键词： Relativity theory Quantum theory unified field theory Causality

The Electromagnetic Nature of Gravitation and Matter-Antimatter Antigravity. Surmise on Quantum Vacuum Gravitation and Cosmology

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Journal of Modern Physics 2022年第6期13卷 949-968页

作者： Constantin Meis National Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology CEA-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette France

We show that the electromagnetic quantum vacuum derives directly from Maxwell’s theory and plays a primary role in quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology. It corresponds to the electromagnetic field ground state at zero frequency, a zero-energy cosmic field permeating all of space and it is composed of real states, called kenons (κενο = vacuum). Photons are local oscillations of kenons guided by a non-local vector potential wave function with quantized amplitude. They propagate at the speed imposed by the vacuum electric permittivity ε0 and magnetic permeability μ0, which are intrinsic properties of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. The electron-positron elementary charge derives naturally from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum and is related to the photon vector potential. We establish the masse-charge equivalence relation showing that the masses of all particles (leptons, mesons, baryons) and antiparticles are states of the elementary charges and their magnetic moments. The equivalence between Newton’s gravitational law and Coulomb’s electrostatic law results naturally. In addition, we show that the gravitational constant G is expressed explicitly through the electromagnetic quantum vacuum constants putting in evidence the electromagnetic nature of gravity. We draw that G is the same for matter and antimatter but gravitational forces should be repulsive between particles and antiparticles because their masses bear naturally opposite signs. The electromagnetic quantum vacuum appears to be the natural link between quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology and constitutes a basic step towards a unified field theory. Dark Energy and Dark Matter might originate from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum fluctuations. The calculated electromagnetic vacuum energy density, related to the cosmological constant considered responsible for the cosmic acceleration, is in good agreement with the astr

关键词： Photons Electromagnetic Waves Electromagnetic Quantum Vacuum Dark Light Kenons Gravitation Matter-Antimatter Antigravity Electromagnetic Push Gravity Dark Energy Cosmological Constant Dark Matter Elementary Charges Mass-Charge Relation Cosmology unified field theory

Anti Aristotle—The Division of Zero by Zero

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2016年第4期4卷 749-761页

作者： Jan Pavo Barukčić Ilija Barukčić Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences University of Münster Münster Germany Internist Horandstrasse Jever Germany

Today, the division of zero by zero (0/0) is a concept in philosophy, mathematics and physics without a definite solution. On this view, we are left with an inadequate and unsatisfactory situation that we are not allowed to divide zero by zero while the need to divide zero by zero (i.e. divide a tensor component which is equal to zero by another tensor component which is equal to zero) is great. A solution of the philosophically, logically, mathematically and physically far reaching problem of the division of zero by zero (0/0) is still not in sight. The aim of this contribution is to solve the problem of the division of zero by zero (0/0) while relying on Einstein’s theory of special relativity. In last consequence, Einstein’s theory of special relativity demands the division of zero by zero. Due to Einstein’s theory of special relativity, it is (0/0) = 1. As we will see, either we must accept the division of zero by zero as possible and defined, or we must abandon Einstein’s theory of special relativity as refuted.

关键词： Number theory Quantum theory Relativity theory unified field theory Causality